Microsoft AZ-500 Azure Security Technologies Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 3 Q41-60

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Question 41:

You need to enforce that all Azure storage accounts in your subscription have secure transfer enabled and encryption with customer-managed keys. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Policy
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Security Center
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Policy

Explanation:

Azure Policy is a governance tool that enforces standards and compliance rules across Azure resources. In this scenario, organizations need to ensure that storage accounts have both secure transfer enabled and encryption using customer-managed keys (CMK). Azure Policy can be configured to audit existing storage accounts and deny non-compliant deployments, ensuring that all new and existing storage accounts adhere to corporate security standards.

Secure transfer enforces the requirement that all communication with storage accounts uses HTTPS, preventing data interception over unencrypted channels. Customer-managed keys allow organizations to control encryption, including key rotation and auditing. Policies can be applied at the subscription or management group level to ensure consistent enforcement.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network traffic but cannot enforce storage account settings like encryption or secure transfer. NSGs are designed to filter IPs, ports, and protocols, not resource configurations.

Option C, Azure Security Center, provides recommendations and identifies non-compliant resources but does not enforce configuration rules automatically. Security Center complements Azure Policy by providing visibility and alerts but is not an enforcement mechanism.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, stores and manages keys but does not enforce that storage accounts use these keys or have secure transfer enabled. Integration with Key Vault is required, but Policy ensures compliance enforcement.

By implementing Azure Policy, organizations can automate the enforcement of critical security configurations for storage accounts, reduce manual oversight, maintain compliance with internal and regulatory standards, and provide audit-ready reporting. Policies can also trigger alerts or remediation tasks for non-compliant resources, ensuring that governance is continuous and scalable across the Azure environment.

Question 42:

You need to detect unusual login activity in your Azure Active Directory tenant, such as multiple failed sign-ins from different countries in a short time. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection
B) Azure Key Vault
C) Network Security Groups
D) Azure Policy

Answer:

A) Azure AD Identity Protection

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection provides risk-based detection of identity-related threats, including suspicious sign-in activity. By monitoring authentication logs, Identity Protection can detect patterns such as impossible travel (sign-ins from geographically distant locations in a short period), multiple failed sign-ins, and compromised credentials. The service assigns risk levels to users and sign-ins, enabling administrators to take automated or manual remediation actions.

Automated actions include requiring multi-factor authentication, blocking access, or forcing password resets for high-risk users. Identity Protection integrates with Conditional Access to enforce access policies based on the risk detected. This ensures that access decisions are dynamic and adaptive to evolving threats, reducing the likelihood of compromise.

Option B, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets, keys, and certificates but does not provide sign-in monitoring or risk assessment for user accounts.

Option C, Network Security Groups, control network traffic but do not monitor or detect unusual user activity.

Option D, Azure Policy, enforces compliance and configuration rules on resources but cannot detect or respond to identity threats.

By implementing Azure AD Identity Protection, organizations gain proactive monitoring for identity risks, enabling early detection and automated mitigation of potential security incidents. The system provides visibility into high-risk users, integrates with conditional access for dynamic enforcement, and generates detailed audit logs for compliance reporting. This approach helps protect sensitive resources and accounts from compromise and supports a risk-based security model.

Question 43:

You need to protect an Azure SQL Database from SQL injection attacks and malicious queries while maintaining high performance. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure SQL Database Advanced Threat Protection
B) Azure Key Vault
C) Network Security Groups
D) Azure Policy

Answer:

A) Azure SQL Database Advanced Threat Protection

Explanation:

Azure SQL Database Advanced Threat Protection provides security monitoring and threat detection for SQL Database instances. It continuously analyzes database activity to identify potential threats, including SQL injection attempts, anomalous queries, and suspicious database access patterns. The service uses behavioral analytics to create a baseline of normal activity, allowing it to detect deviations that may indicate a security incident.

Advanced Threat Protection offers real-time alerts for suspicious activity, enabling administrators to investigate and remediate potential threats quickly. Integration with Azure Security Center or Sentinel allows centralized monitoring and response, providing automated workflows for threat mitigation. This approach helps maintain high performance while enhancing security by focusing on query and access anomalies rather than blanket restrictions that could degrade performance.

Option B, Azure Key Vault, secures credentials and encryption keys but does not protect against database query attacks.

Option C, Network Security Groups, filter network traffic based on IP addresses and ports but do not inspect database queries for malicious activity.

Option D, Azure Policy, enforces configuration standards but cannot detect or respond to threats or SQL injection attempts.

By implementing Advanced Threat Protection, organizations can secure their SQL Databases against common and advanced attack patterns, maintain operational performance, and integrate threat monitoring with existing security solutions. The system provides detailed alerts and audit logs, enabling rapid investigation and remediation, improving overall database security posture while supporting compliance and governance requirements.

Question 44:

You need to restrict access to Azure resources so that users can only access them from devices that are both domain-joined and compliant with Intune policies. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access Policies with device compliance and hybrid Azure AD join
B) Azure Policy
C) Network Security Groups
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Conditional Access Policies with device compliance and hybrid Azure AD join

Explanation:

Conditional Access Policies allow organizations to enforce access control based on device and user conditions. By requiring both hybrid Azure AD join and compliance with Intune policies, administrators can ensure that only trusted and managed devices can access corporate resources. Hybrid Azure AD join ensures that devices are registered with both on-premises Active Directory and Azure Active Directory, providing additional verification for identity and device trust.

Device compliance is evaluated against Intune policies, which can enforce encryption, antivirus, OS updates, and other security requirements. Only devices meeting these conditions are granted access, mitigating risks from unmanaged, untrusted, or potentially compromised endpoints.

Option B, Azure Policy, enforces configuration and compliance rules for resources but does not control access based on device state or management status.

Option C, Network Security Groups, filter network traffic but cannot enforce device compliance or identity-based access restrictions.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not manage device access to resources.

By implementing Conditional Access with device compliance and hybrid Azure AD join, organizations strengthen endpoint security, reduce the risk of unauthorized access, and ensure that corporate resources are accessed only from devices that meet security standards. The solution supports risk-based access controls, provides centralized monitoring, and integrates with audit and reporting systems for compliance purposes.

Question 45:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are protected from malware and unauthorized changes to the operating system. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Endpoint Protection
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Endpoint Protection

Explanation:

Azure Defender for Servers provides comprehensive endpoint protection and security monitoring for virtual machines. By enabling endpoint protection, organizations can detect and prevent malware, ransomware, and unauthorized system changes. Defender integrates with Microsoft Antimalware and Windows Defender for Windows VMs, and supports Linux malware protection, providing real-time scanning and threat remediation.

In addition to malware protection, Azure Defender for Servers monitors system configurations and changes, alerting administrators to suspicious modifications that could indicate compromise or misconfiguration. Integration with Security Center allows centralized reporting, alerting, and automated response, enabling security teams to remediate threats efficiently.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control inbound and outbound traffic but do not provide endpoint protection or malware detection.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces configuration compliance but does not provide runtime protection against malware or unauthorized changes.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets and keys but does not protect virtual machine operating systems from threats.

By implementing Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection, organizations achieve a proactive security posture that protects virtual machines against malware, unauthorized changes, and other threats. Continuous monitoring, real-time threat detection, and centralized management ensure that workloads remain secure while supporting compliance and operational efficiency. Integration with logging and alerting systems provides visibility into security incidents, enabling rapid investigation and remediation to minimize the impact of potential threats.

Question 46:

You need to ensure that Azure Key Vault secrets are only accessible by applications running in a specific virtual network and subnet. Which solution should you implement?

A) Key Vault firewall and virtual network service endpoints
B) Azure Policy
C) Network Security Groups
D) Role-Based Access Control

Answer:

A) Key Vault firewall and virtual network service endpoints

Explanation:

Azure Key Vault provides firewall and virtual network integration, allowing organizations to restrict access to specific IP addresses, virtual networks, or subnets. By enabling the Key Vault firewall and configuring service endpoints for a designated subnet, you ensure that only applications running within that subnet can access secrets, keys, and certificates.

This approach strengthens security by preventing access from public networks or untrusted environments. Service endpoints extend the virtual network identity to Key Vault, enabling secure connectivity over the Azure backbone without exposing traffic to the public internet. Firewall rules and service endpoints can be combined with role-based access control (RBAC) or Key Vault access policies to provide both network and identity-based security layers.

Option B, Azure Policy, can audit or enforce resource configurations but cannot restrict access based on network location at runtime.

Option C, Network Security Groups, control traffic at the subnet or VM level but cannot enforce direct restrictions on Key Vault itself. NSGs complement firewall rules but do not replace Key Vault’s own network access controls.

Option D, RBAC provides identity-based access control but does not restrict access based on network location. RBAC ensures only authorized identities can access Key Vault but does not prevent access from untrusted networks.

By implementing Key Vault firewall and virtual network service endpoints, organizations enforce strict network isolation for secret access, minimizing the risk of exposure to unauthorized networks. This layered approach combines network-level access control with identity-based access management, supporting regulatory compliance and reducing attack surfaces. Integration with monitoring and diagnostic logs ensures that all access attempts are tracked, providing visibility into attempted and successful connections for security auditing and incident response.

Question 47:

You need to protect an Azure App Service from unauthorized requests and IP addresses while allowing only traffic from trusted sources. Which solution should you implement?

A) Access restrictions in App Service
B) Azure Firewall
C) Network Security Groups
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Access restrictions in App Service

Explanation:

Azure App Service provides built-in access restrictions, enabling administrators to allow or deny incoming requests based on IP addresses, IP ranges, or virtual networks. By configuring access restrictions, only trusted sources can access the web application, reducing exposure to unauthorized or malicious requests. Access restrictions are processed before any application logic, which helps mitigate attacks like brute force, DDoS attempts, and unauthorized access attempts.

Administrators can define rules to prioritize traffic from internal networks, VPNs, or specific IP ranges. Deny rules are evaluated last, ensuring that all non-trusted sources are blocked. This feature also integrates with Azure App Service authentication and authorization features, allowing for layered security.

Option B, Azure Firewall, provides centralized traffic filtering across multiple services and subnets but may be overkill for a single App Service. It can complement access restrictions but is not necessary for enforcing source-specific access directly at the application level.

Option C, Network Security Groups, operate at the subnet or network interface level and cannot enforce rules specific to App Service endpoints. NSGs cannot filter incoming traffic at the application layer.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not control incoming traffic or enforce IP restrictions for web applications.

By implementing access restrictions in App Service, organizations can enforce fine-grained network access controls directly at the application layer. This reduces the attack surface, prevents unauthorized access, and ensures compliance with organizational security policies. Logs and diagnostic settings can provide monitoring of allowed and denied requests, helping security teams maintain visibility into access patterns and detect anomalies promptly.

Question 48:

You need to enforce that all Azure virtual machines are encrypted at rest using keys managed by your organization. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Disk Encryption with customer-managed keys
B) Storage Service Encryption with Microsoft-managed keys
C) Network Security Groups
D) Azure Policy

Answer:

A) Azure Disk Encryption with customer-managed keys

Explanation:

Azure Disk Encryption (ADE) provides encryption for Azure virtual machine disks at rest using either BitLocker for Windows or DM-Crypt for Linux. By using customer-managed keys (CMK) stored in Azure Key Vault, organizations retain full control over key lifecycle management, including creation, rotation, and revocation. ADE with CMK ensures compliance with regulatory requirements that mandate customer ownership of encryption keys and provides audit trails for key usage.

ADE encrypts both operating system disks and data disks for virtual machines. When configured with CMK, encryption operations are transparent to the VM but auditable, with detailed logging of key usage in Key Vault. Automated key rotation ensures that encryption remains secure over time and reduces the risk of key compromise.

Option B, Storage Service Encryption with Microsoft-managed keys, automatically encrypts disks but does not give customers control over key rotation or lifecycle. This may not satisfy compliance requirements requiring organizational control over encryption keys.

Option C, Network Security Groups, control traffic flow but do not provide encryption for VM disks.

Option D, Azure Policy, can audit or enforce disk encryption configurations but cannot perform the actual encryption. It complements ADE by ensuring enforcement across the environment.

By implementing Azure Disk Encryption with customer-managed keys, organizations protect virtual machine data at rest with strong encryption under full customer control. This solution supports regulatory compliance, provides centralized key management, and ensures transparency and auditability of encryption operations. Combined with Azure Policy for compliance monitoring, ADE with CMK enforces a consistent security standard for all VMs across the subscription.

Question 49:

You need to monitor and detect threats in real-time across multiple Azure subscriptions and generate automated responses to mitigate risks. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Sentinel with automated playbooks
B) Azure Security Center only
C) Network Security Groups
D) Azure Policy

Answer:

A) Azure Sentinel with automated playbooks

Explanation:

Azure Sentinel is a cloud-native SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) and SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) solution. By collecting logs and telemetry from multiple Azure subscriptions, Sentinel enables centralized monitoring, real-time threat detection, and incident response. Threat detection uses advanced analytics and machine learning to identify anomalies, potential attacks, or suspicious behavior across resources such as virtual machines, storage accounts, databases, and applications.

Automated playbooks in Sentinel allow organizations to respond immediately to detected threats. For example, when a suspicious sign-in or privilege escalation is detected, Sentinel can trigger playbooks to disable accounts, revoke access, quarantine resources, or notify security teams. This minimizes the time window in which attackers could exploit vulnerabilities, reducing risk and operational impact.

Option B, Azure Security Center, provides recommendations and threat alerts for individual resources but does not provide cross-subscription correlation, centralized SIEM functionality, or automated response workflows at the scale Sentinel does.

Option C, Network Security Groups, filter traffic but do not provide threat detection or automated incident response.

Option D, Azure Policy, enforces resource compliance but does not monitor, detect, or respond to real-time threats.

By implementing Azure Sentinel with automated playbooks, organizations gain a proactive, scalable, and automated approach to threat detection and response. Sentinel provides visibility across subscriptions, correlates events, and allows for operational automation to quickly mitigate security risks. Logs and alerts support investigation and compliance reporting, ensuring that security teams can maintain continuous situational awareness and enforce consistent security controls across all environments.

Question 50:

You need to ensure that all administrative actions in Azure are logged, monitored, and retained for compliance auditing for at least one year. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Monitor diagnostic settings with Log Analytics
B) Azure Key Vault
C) Network Security Groups
D) Azure Policy

Answer:

A) Azure Monitor diagnostic settings with Log Analytics

Explanation:

Azure Monitor allows organizations to collect and centralize activity logs from all Azure resources. By enabling diagnostic settings for subscriptions, resource groups, and individual resources, administrative actions such as role assignments, configuration changes, and resource creation or deletion are logged. Sending these logs to a Log Analytics workspace ensures long-term storage, analysis, and retention to meet compliance requirements.

With centralized logging, security teams can create custom queries to identify unauthorized or suspicious activity, generate alerts, and visualize trends over time. Logs can be retained for a minimum of one year or longer, depending on organizational and regulatory requirements. Integration with Azure Sentinel allows for enhanced correlation, automated response, and incident investigation.

Option B, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets and keys but does not capture or retain logs for administrative actions.

Option C, Network Security Groups, control traffic but do not provide auditing or retention of administrative activity.

Option D, Azure Policy, enforces compliance rules but does not log or retain detailed administrative actions for auditing purposes.

By implementing Azure Monitor diagnostic settings with Log Analytics, organizations achieve comprehensive visibility into administrative activities, ensure compliance with retention requirements, and enable auditing and forensic investigation. This centralized approach allows consistent monitoring, alerting, and reporting across multiple subscriptions and resources, strengthening governance and operational security.

Question 51:

You need to ensure that only approved Azure Resource Manager templates are deployed in your subscription and prevent non-compliant deployments. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Policy with an initiative
B) Role-Based Access Control
C) Azure Key Vault
D) Network Security Groups

Answer:

A) Azure Policy with an initiative

Explanation:

Azure Policy allows organizations to enforce compliance standards and rules for resources deployed within a subscription. By creating a policy or initiative (a collection of policies), administrators can specify which Resource Manager (ARM) templates are approved for deployment. The policy can audit non-compliant deployments or deny them entirely, ensuring that only authorized templates are used.

Using a policy initiative provides the advantage of applying multiple related policies simultaneously, which is particularly useful in large environments with multiple compliance requirements. For example, an initiative could enforce approved VM sizes, allowed regions, and required tags while also restricting ARM templates to a predefined list. This approach helps maintain consistency across deployments and reduces security and operational risks associated with unapproved configurations.

Option B, Role-Based Access Control, determines who can deploy resources but does not restrict the content or configuration of ARM templates themselves. RBAC alone cannot enforce template compliance.

Option C, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets and keys but does not prevent or enforce specific ARM template deployments.

Option D, Network Security Groups, control network traffic but are unrelated to deployment standards or template compliance.

By implementing Azure Policy with an initiative, organizations gain centralized governance and compliance enforcement, ensuring that only approved ARM templates are deployed. The solution provides reporting and audit capabilities, enabling administrators to track compliance across subscriptions and identify areas where remediation is required. Automated remediation tasks can be included, further simplifying the enforcement of corporate standards and improving security and operational efficiency across the Azure environment.

Question 52:

You need to enforce multi-factor authentication for all users who access sensitive financial applications in Azure. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access Policies in Azure Active Directory
B) Azure Policy
C) Network Security Groups
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Conditional Access Policies in Azure Active Directory

Explanation:

Conditional Access Policies in Azure Active Directory provide dynamic access controls based on conditions such as user group membership, location, device compliance, and application sensitivity. To enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for users accessing sensitive financial applications, a Conditional Access policy can be configured to require MFA whenever users attempt to sign in to these applications.

MFA enhances security by requiring an additional verification method beyond a password, such as a mobile authenticator, SMS code, or hardware token. By applying MFA selectively to high-risk applications or user groups, organizations can balance security and usability. Policies can also include exceptions, risk-based enforcement, or session controls to further refine access behavior.

Option B, Azure Policy, enforces resource configurations but does not manage authentication mechanisms for users.

Option C, Network Security Groups, control traffic but cannot enforce identity verification or MFA.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not provide authentication or access control policies.

Implementing Conditional Access Policies with MFA ensures that only authorized and verified users can access sensitive applications, protecting financial data from unauthorized access. The solution integrates with monitoring and reporting to track MFA enforcement and user compliance, enabling administrators to maintain security posture, meet regulatory requirements, and respond to incidents or suspicious activity effectively. MFA, combined with risk-based conditional access, significantly reduces the likelihood of account compromise and supports a layered identity security strategy.

Question 53:

You need to prevent accidental deletion of Azure Storage accounts while allowing legitimate administrative actions. Which solution should you implement?

A) Resource Locks
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Resource Locks

Explanation:

Azure Resource Locks provide protection against accidental or unintended changes to critical resources. There are two types of locks: CanNotDelete and ReadOnly. By applying a CanNotDelete lock to storage accounts, administrators can ensure that resources cannot be deleted, while still allowing read, write, and modify operations necessary for normal management and maintenance.

Resource locks are applied at the resource, resource group, or subscription level. Locks are inherited by child resources if applied at a higher level. This ensures consistent protection across multiple resources without requiring individual configuration for each storage account. Locks do not interfere with automated processes or scripts that perform standard operations, reducing operational disruption while preventing accidental deletions.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter traffic but do not prevent deletion or configuration changes.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit or deny non-compliant configurations but is not designed for accidental deletion protection. Policies are evaluated against resource compliance rather than immediate action prevention.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not prevent deletion of other Azure resources.

By implementing Resource Locks, organizations reduce the risk of accidental deletion, safeguard critical data and infrastructure, and maintain operational continuity. Locking resources is a simple yet effective control that complements other governance and compliance measures, ensuring that critical Azure resources remain protected while still allowing authorized administrative actions. Locks can also be temporarily removed if planned maintenance or deletion is necessary, providing flexibility without compromising security.

Question 54:

You need to protect Azure virtual machines against ransomware attacks and ensure that you can recover critical data quickly. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Backup with Recovery Services vault
B) Azure Disk Encryption
C) Network Security Groups
D) Azure Policy

Answer:

A) Azure Backup with Recovery Services vault

Explanation:

Azure Backup provides secure, reliable, and scalable backup solutions for Azure virtual machines and other workloads. By using a Recovery Services vault, organizations can create point-in-time backups of VM disks, allowing recovery in case of ransomware attacks, accidental deletion, or data corruption. Backups are encrypted both in transit and at rest, ensuring that backup data remains secure and tamper-resistant.

Recovery Services vaults support retention policies, enabling organizations to retain backups for days, months, or even years, based on compliance and recovery requirements. In the event of ransomware, VM disks can be restored to a prior state before infection, minimizing data loss and operational downtime. Backups can be automated and monitored, providing consistent protection across multiple VMs and subscriptions.

Option B, Azure Disk Encryption, encrypts VM disks but does not provide point-in-time recovery or protection against ransomware. Encryption alone cannot recover deleted or corrupted data.

Option C, Network Security Groups, control traffic but cannot provide data recovery in the event of attacks.

Option D, Azure Policy, enforces compliance but does not create backups or enable recovery.

By implementing Azure Backup with Recovery Services vault, organizations ensure business continuity and disaster recovery for critical workloads. Automated backup schedules, retention policies, and secure storage protect against ransomware and other threats. Integration with monitoring and alerting ensures administrators are aware of backup status and potential failures, enabling proactive management of backup and recovery operations. This approach supports regulatory requirements, reduces operational risk, and ensures data integrity and availability in Azure environments.

Question 55:

You need to ensure that all Azure virtual machines are protected against known vulnerabilities and configuration misconfigurations. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with vulnerability assessment
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with vulnerability assessment

Explanation:

Azure Defender for Servers provides comprehensive threat protection for virtual machines, including vulnerability assessment and configuration management. By enabling vulnerability assessment, organizations can scan VMs for missing patches, insecure configurations, and known vulnerabilities. The assessment identifies risks such as outdated software, weak passwords, misconfigured services, and potential malware exposure.

The service integrates with Security Center, providing dashboards, alerts, and recommendations to remediate issues. Administrators can prioritize remediation based on severity, compliance requirements, or critical business workloads. Regular vulnerability assessments ensure that virtual machines remain compliant with security best practices and regulatory standards.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control traffic but cannot detect or remediate vulnerabilities on the VM itself. NSGs protect the perimeter but do not address configuration or software weaknesses.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces resource configuration compliance but does not scan for vulnerabilities or missing patches. Policies can complement vulnerability assessments but cannot replace them.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets and keys but does not evaluate VM security posture or vulnerabilities.

By implementing Azure Defender for Servers with vulnerability assessment, organizations can proactively identify and mitigate risks on virtual machines. This reduces the likelihood of exploitation, ensures compliance, and enhances overall security posture. Continuous monitoring, automated recommendations, and reporting provide operational visibility and support governance and regulatory requirements. Integrating vulnerability assessment with patch management and security best practices creates a robust, layered defense strategy for Azure workloads.

Question 56:

You need to ensure that all Azure Storage account data is encrypted in transit and that unauthorized clients cannot access the storage over the public internet. Which solution should you implement?

A) Secure transfer required and private endpoints
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Secure transfer required and private endpoints

Explanation:

Azure Storage provides features to protect data both at rest and in transit. Enabling secure transfer ensures that all data transferred between clients and the storage account uses HTTPS, preventing data from being intercepted over unencrypted connections. HTTPS provides encryption during transit, safeguarding sensitive information such as blobs, files, and queues.

Private endpoints extend a virtual network to the storage account, ensuring that access occurs over the Azure backbone rather than the public internet. By configuring a private endpoint, organizations can restrict storage access to resources within a specific virtual network or subnet, effectively isolating storage traffic from untrusted networks. This combination of secure transfer and private endpoints reduces the attack surface, enhances compliance, and protects data from man-in-the-middle attacks and unauthorized access.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network traffic at the subnet or VM level but cannot enforce HTTPS or create private connectivity to the storage account. NSGs complement private endpoints but do not replace them.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit and enforce compliance, such as requiring secure transfer, but cannot establish private connectivity by itself. Policies support governance but do not change network behavior.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures encryption keys and secrets but does not control storage account access or data in transit. Key Vault is complementary if customer-managed keys are used for encryption but does not ensure network isolation.

By implementing secure transfer and private endpoints, organizations guarantee that storage account data is encrypted in transit and accessible only to authorized network locations. This approach combines encryption with network isolation, supporting regulatory compliance, preventing data exfiltration, and reducing the risk of unauthorized access. Logging and monitoring of private endpoint connections can provide audit trails and alerts for unusual access patterns, enhancing overall security and visibility.

Question 57:

You need to enforce that Azure virtual machines in a subscription comply with specific security baseline configurations. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Policy with built-in security baseline definitions
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Key Vault
D) Role-Based Access Control

Answer:

A) Azure Policy with built-in security baseline definitions

Explanation:

Azure Policy allows organizations to define and enforce compliance standards across all Azure resources, including virtual machines. Microsoft provides built-in security baseline definitions aligned with industry best practices and regulatory standards. These policies can audit or deny non-compliant virtual machines, ensuring that only systems that meet security baseline configurations are deployed.

Security baseline policies cover areas such as password complexity, encryption settings, endpoint protection, secure boot, logging configurations, and more. By applying these policies at the subscription or management group level, administrators can ensure consistent enforcement across multiple VMs and resource groups. Non-compliant VMs can trigger alerts, automated remediation tasks, or deployment denial, minimizing configuration drift and reducing the risk of vulnerabilities.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control traffic but do not enforce VM configuration compliance. NSGs protect network boundaries but cannot ensure operating system or application security baselines.

Option C, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets and keys but does not enforce VM configuration standards. Key Vault is complementary if encryption keys are involved but is unrelated to baseline compliance.

Option D, Role-Based Access Control, manages who can perform actions on resources but does not enforce configuration or security compliance on VMs.

By implementing Azure Policy with built-in security baseline definitions, organizations achieve automated compliance enforcement, centralized reporting, and proactive remediation. This approach reduces security risk, ensures that systems adhere to regulatory and organizational standards, and improves operational consistency across the Azure environment. Integration with Azure Security Center provides visibility into policy compliance and highlights areas requiring attention, creating a unified governance and security posture management solution.

Question 58:

You need to detect and respond to suspicious activity in Azure Active Directory, including multiple failed sign-ins and unusual privilege escalations. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with alerting and remediation
B) Azure Policy
C) Network Security Groups
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with alerting and remediation

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection provides risk-based monitoring and automated responses for identity-related threats. The solution detects suspicious sign-ins, including multiple failed attempts, impossible travel, atypical locations, and unusual privilege escalations. By evaluating these risks in real-time, Identity Protection assigns risk levels to both users and sign-ins.

Administrators can configure automated responses, such as requiring multi-factor authentication, blocking access, or forcing password resets when a risk threshold is exceeded. Alerts and reports provide detailed insights into suspicious activity, enabling security teams to investigate incidents quickly and take corrective actions. Integration with Conditional Access policies allows dynamic enforcement, ensuring that access to critical resources is controlled based on real-time risk analysis.

Option B, Azure Policy, enforces compliance rules but cannot detect or respond to identity threats.

Option C, Network Security Groups, manage network traffic but do not monitor user activity or privilege escalations.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not monitor user access patterns or detect anomalous sign-ins.

By implementing Azure AD Identity Protection with alerting and remediation, organizations gain proactive detection of identity-based threats, enabling real-time mitigation and reducing the risk of account compromise. The solution supports auditing, regulatory compliance, and visibility into high-risk users. Combining automated alerts with conditional access enforcement strengthens the overall identity security posture, ensuring that only legitimate, verified users access sensitive Azure resources.

Question 59:

You need to ensure that all Azure virtual machines have endpoint protection enabled and that threats are detected automatically. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection

Explanation:

Azure Defender for Servers provides comprehensive endpoint protection and threat detection for virtual machines. By enabling endpoint protection, organizations can detect malware, ransomware, and other malicious activity in real-time. Defender integrates with Microsoft Antimalware and Windows Defender for Windows VMs and supports Linux security solutions, offering protection across different operating systems.

The service continuously monitors operating system and application behavior to identify suspicious activity, configuration changes, and security misconfigurations. Alerts are generated for detected threats, and integration with Azure Security Center or Sentinel allows administrators to centralize monitoring and automate responses. Endpoint protection ensures that both known and emerging threats are addressed proactively, reducing potential damage and minimizing operational impact.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter network traffic but do not detect or remediate malware or configuration threats.

Option C, Azure Policy, can enforce compliance but does not provide runtime threat detection or endpoint protection.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets and keys but does not protect virtual machines from malware or other threats.

By implementing Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection, organizations achieve proactive security for virtual machines, identifying and mitigating threats before they compromise workloads. Continuous monitoring, automated alerts, and integration with SIEM systems improve visibility, response, and auditability. This solution helps maintain compliance, strengthens security posture, and supports operational resilience in Azure environments.

Question 60:

You need to ensure that only trusted applications can access an Azure SQL Database and that all access is auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure SQL Database firewall rules with managed identities
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure SQL Database firewall rules with managed identities

Explanation:

Azure SQL Database provides firewall rules and identity-based access control to ensure that only authorized applications and clients can connect. By defining firewall rules, administrators can restrict database access to specific IP addresses, ranges, or virtual networks, preventing unauthorized external connections.

Using managed identities allows applications to authenticate securely without storing credentials in code or configuration files. Managed identities provide Azure AD-based authentication, and all access requests are logged, ensuring auditability. Logs include details such as which application accessed the database, the user context, and the actions performed. This combination of network-level access control and identity-based authentication provides strong security while supporting compliance and monitoring requirements.

Option B, Network Security Groups, can filter traffic at the network level but do not provide detailed audit logs or identity-based access control for SQL Database.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces compliance standards but cannot manage runtime access or application authentication.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, stores and protects secrets and keys but does not enforce database access restrictions or auditability.

By implementing Azure SQL Database firewall rules with managed identities, organizations restrict database access to trusted applications, ensure authentication is secure and auditable, and prevent unauthorized access. Centralized logging and monitoring enable detailed auditing, supporting compliance, forensic investigations, and proactive security management. Combining firewall rules with managed identities creates a layered approach to database security that minimizes risk and enhances operational control.