CompTIA CV0-004 Cloud+ Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 4 Q61-80

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Question 61 

Which cloud storage type is best suited for storing unstructured data like images, videos, and backups?

A) Block Storage
B) File Storage
C) Object Storage
D) Cold Storage

Answer: C) Object Storage

Explanation:

Block storage is a method where data is divided into fixed-size chunks called blocks, each with a unique address. This approach is particularly effective for transactional databases and applications requiring low-latency, high-speed read/write operations. Block storage allows the operating system to manage the data as if it were attached local storage, making it ideal for structured data that benefits from frequent access and modification. However, when dealing with large unstructured datasets like videos, images, or backups, block storage becomes less efficient because managing the vast number of blocks can become complex and costly. Scalability across distributed systems is also limited compared to other storage types.

File storage organizes data into a hierarchical structure consisting of files and directories, similar to traditional file systems. It is widely used in shared environments where multiple users or applications need to access the same files, making it suitable for collaboration and standard file-serving applications. File storage provides familiar access methods such as NFS or SMB, which makes integration straightforward. However, it is not optimized for massive amounts of unstructured data, especially when data must be distributed globally or accessed through APIs. Performance and scalability limitations make file storage less suitable for applications like cloud-based media storage or big data analytics.

Object storage is designed specifically to handle large volumes of unstructured data. It stores each piece of data as an object along with metadata and a unique identifier. This design allows for highly scalable, durable, and cost-efficient storage, as data can be distributed across multiple locations and managed at a global scale. Object storage systems, such as Amazon S3 or Google Cloud Storage, provide APIs to store and retrieve data efficiently, making them ideal for applications dealing with multimedia content, backups, logs, and archival. Metadata-driven access enables powerful search capabilities and simplified data management. Object storage also supports redundancy and versioning, ensuring that data remains available and protected even in the event of failures.

Cold storage refers to archival solutions designed for data that is accessed infrequently. This type of storage is highly cost-effective because it trades performance for lower cost. It is ideal for long-term retention of backups, logs, and compliance-related archives. Cold storage systems typically have slower access times and higher latency, which makes them unsuitable for frequently accessed unstructured data like videos or images that may need to be delivered to end-users quickly. While cold storage is an important component of a cloud strategy for archival purposes, it cannot provide the responsiveness and scalability required for active unstructured data workloads.

The correct answer is object storage because it combines high scalability, durability, and cost-efficiency while supporting metadata and API-based access. Its architecture is tailored for unstructured data workloads, making it the best choice for storing large volumes of images, videos, backups, and other non-transactional data in a cloud environment. Its global accessibility and management features also make it the most suitable option for modern cloud applications.

Question 62 

Which cloud technology enables multiple isolated applications to run on the same operating system without interference?

A) Containers
B) Virtual Machines
C) Serverless Computing
D) Bare-Metal Servers

Answer:  A) Containers

Explanation:

Containers are a lightweight virtualization technology that packages an application along with its dependencies, libraries, and configuration files into a single unit. They share the host operating system’s kernel while maintaining isolated environments for each application. This isolation prevents conflicts between applications, allowing multiple workloads to run simultaneously on the same OS without interference. Containers are highly portable across different environments, enabling developers to move workloads from development to testing and production seamlessly. Their lightweight nature also reduces resource overhead compared to traditional virtual machines, making them highly efficient for microservices and distributed architectures.

Virtual machines provide full hardware virtualization by emulating entire hardware stacks, including CPU, memory, storage, and network interfaces. Each VM runs a separate operating system, which ensures strong isolation and security. While this level of isolation is robust, it comes with significant overhead because each VM requires its own OS, consuming more CPU and memory resources. VMs are more suitable for running legacy applications or workloads that require complete OS isolation but are less efficient for scenarios requiring rapid deployment and lightweight resource utilization.

Serverless computing abstracts away infrastructure management entirely, allowing developers to focus solely on writing code. Code is executed on-demand in stateless environments, automatically scaling to meet demand. While serverless is ideal for event-driven workloads or functions that execute intermittently, it is not intended to host multiple long-running applications on a shared operating system. Each execution is isolated at a function level, and applications cannot coexist on the same OS kernel in the same manner as containers.

Bare-metal servers are physical machines dedicated to a single tenant. They provide maximum performance and full access to the underlying hardware, making them suitable for resource-intensive workloads. However, bare-metal servers do not natively support running multiple isolated applications on the same OS. Each workload typically requires a separate physical machine or additional virtualization layers, making them less flexible and efficient than containers for application isolation.

The correct answer is containers because they provide lightweight, efficient isolation of multiple applications on a single operating system. Their portability, minimal overhead, and ability to run multiple workloads without interference make them an essential technology for modern cloud environments, especially for microservices and containerized application architectures.

Question 63 

Which cloud feature automatically provisions additional resources when demand increases and deallocates them when demand decreases?

A) High Availability
B) Elasticity
C) Multi-tenancy
D) Redundancy

Answer: B) Elasticity

Explanation:

High availability focuses on maintaining system uptime and ensuring that services remain operational even during failures or outages. It typically involves redundant systems, failover mechanisms, and load balancing to minimize downtime. While high availability ensures that applications remain accessible, it does not automatically scale resources up or down in response to changing demand. Its primary goal is reliability, not dynamic allocation of resources.

Elasticity refers to the cloud’s ability to automatically adjust computing resources in real-time based on workload demand. When demand increases, additional compute, storage, or network resources are provisioned, and when demand decreases, these resources are deallocated to optimize cost. Elasticity allows businesses to handle spikes in traffic without manual intervention while avoiding over-provisioning and associated costs. It is a key feature of cloud computing that provides both operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness by ensuring resources match current demand at any given time.

Multi-tenancy allows multiple customers or users to share the same physical infrastructure while keeping their data and workloads logically isolated. This approach improves resource utilization and reduces operational costs for providers, but it does not involve dynamic scaling of resources in response to demand. Multi-tenancy ensures efficient sharing but does not provide elasticity or real-time resource adjustments for individual tenants.

Redundancy involves duplicating critical components, systems, or services to ensure fault tolerance and reliability. Redundant systems allow operations to continue if one component fails, reducing the risk of downtime. While redundancy improves resilience, it does not inherently scale resources based on workload demand and therefore is not a substitute for elasticity. Its purpose is availability, not dynamic resource management.

The correct answer is elasticity because it directly addresses the ability of cloud systems to adapt to changing workloads in real-time. By automatically provisioning and deallocating resources, elasticity ensures optimal performance during traffic spikes while minimizing costs during periods of low usage. This dynamic flexibility is a hallmark of cloud computing efficiency.

Question 64 

Which cloud security measure protects sensitive data during storage and transit?

A) Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
B) Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
C) Encryption
D) Firewalls

Answer: C) Encryption

Explanation:

Role-based access control (RBAC) manages who can access specific resources within a system. It assigns permissions based on roles rather than individual users, helping organizations enforce access policies efficiently. RBAC ensures that only authorized personnel can access particular data or applications. However, RBAC does not protect the data itself from interception or unauthorized access during storage or transmission; it simply controls access privileges.

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) enhances identity verification by requiring users to provide two or more credentials before granting access. While MFA strengthens account security and reduces the likelihood of unauthorized login attempts, it does not secure the data itself. MFA cannot prevent interception, modification, or theft of sensitive data while it is stored or transmitted in the cloud.

Encryption is a process that transforms data into a format that is unreadable to unauthorized users. Data at rest (stored in databases or cloud storage) and data in transit (moving across networks) can be encrypted to prevent unauthorized access. Encryption ensures that even if attackers gain access to storage systems or intercept data transmissions, they cannot read the data without the correct decryption key. Cloud providers often support industry-standard encryption protocols, allowing organizations to maintain confidentiality, regulatory compliance, and protection against data breaches.

Firewalls protect network perimeters by monitoring and filtering incoming and outgoing traffic based on predefined rules. While firewalls are essential for preventing unauthorized network access, they do not encrypt the actual data. Firewalls alone cannot safeguard data confidentiality or integrity; they only control the flow of traffic at the network level.

The correct answer is encryption because it directly protects sensitive data during storage and transmission. By ensuring that data cannot be read without proper decryption, encryption provides a fundamental layer of security that is essential for safeguarding confidential information in cloud environments and maintaining compliance with regulatory standards.

Question 65 

Which cloud service model allows users to access software applications over the internet without managing the underlying infrastructure?

A) IaaS
B) PaaS
C) SaaS
D) DaaS

Answer: C) SaaS

Explanation:

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides virtualized computing resources such as servers, storage, and networking. Users are responsible for managing operating systems, middleware, and applications on top of the provided infrastructure. While IaaS offers flexibility and control over the environment, it requires significant administrative effort to install, configure, and maintain software, which makes it less suitable for users seeking fully managed applications.

Platform as a Service (PaaS) delivers a managed platform that abstracts underlying infrastructure while providing tools and services for application development. Users can deploy and manage applications without handling the hardware, but they still need to maintain the application code and potentially some runtime components. PaaS simplifies development and deployment but does not provide fully managed software applications for end-users.

Software as a Service (SaaS) delivers complete applications over the internet, accessible through web browsers or thin clients. SaaS providers handle infrastructure, updates, patches, and maintenance, relieving users of software management responsibilities. Common examples include email platforms, customer relationship management systems, and collaboration tools. SaaS allows organizations to focus on business operations while benefiting from automatically maintained, scalable, and secure software services.

Desktop as a Service (DaaS) provides virtual desktops hosted in the cloud. Users can access a full desktop environment remotely, but it is primarily focused on virtual desktop delivery rather than general-purpose application access. DaaS is useful for workforce mobility and remote access but does not replace SaaS for standard business applications.

The correct answer is SaaS because it offers fully managed applications that users can access without handling infrastructure or software maintenance. By delivering ready-to-use software over the internet, SaaS allows organizations to focus on business objectives instead of operational concerns, making it the most efficient cloud service model for application consumption.

Question 66 

Which cloud approach ensures that workloads can move between providers with minimal reconfiguration?

A) Cloud Portability
B) Cloud Bursting
C) Edge Computing
D) Hybrid Cloud

Answer:  A) Cloud Portability

Explanation:

Cloud Portability is a cloud strategy that emphasizes the ability to move applications, workloads, or data across different cloud providers without extensive modification. This approach addresses one of the critical challenges organizations face in cloud adoption: vendor lock-in. By designing applications and workloads to be portable, organizations can switch providers, adopt new services, or optimize costs based on performance and pricing, all while maintaining operational continuity. Cloud Portability relies on standards, containerization, and abstracted infrastructure layers to minimize dependencies on a specific provider’s APIs or services. This flexibility is especially valuable for multinational organizations or those with dynamic workloads that must adapt to changing business needs.

Cloud Bursting is often confused with portability but serves a different purpose. It is designed to handle temporary spikes in demand by offloading excess workload to a public cloud while the primary workload runs on a private cloud or on-premises infrastructure. Cloud Bursting is about elasticity rather than the ability to migrate workloads permanently between providers. It ensures that performance is maintained during peak usage periods but does not inherently solve the problem of cross-provider workload mobility or reduce vendor dependence.

Edge Computing is another modern cloud approach but focuses on reducing latency and improving performance by processing data closer to the source, such as IoT devices or remote data collection points. While Edge Computing optimizes network traffic and improves real-time processing, it is not concerned with migrating workloads between providers. Its primary goal is to enhance responsiveness and reduce bandwidth consumption rather than provide flexibility in choosing cloud vendors.

Hybrid Cloud combines private and public cloud resources, offering flexibility in where workloads run. However, it is not synonymous with portability because workloads in a hybrid environment may still be tied to specific provider technologies, requiring significant reconfiguration if moved elsewhere. Hybrid Cloud enables strategic distribution of workloads but does not guarantee seamless movement between providers. Cloud Portability remains the correct answer because it specifically addresses the migration of workloads across multiple providers with minimal disruption, helping organizations avoid vendor lock-in and maximize resource efficiency.

Question 67 

Which disaster recovery approach uses a fully provisioned environment running in parallel with the production system?

A) Cold Site
B) Warm Site
C) Hot Site
D) Backup Tapes

Answer: C) Hot Site

Explanation:

Cold Sites are basic disaster recovery setups where only the physical infrastructure, such as power, networking, and office space, is available. Organizations must provision servers, install operating systems, and configure applications before the environment becomes operational. This setup is cost-effective but results in longer recovery times during a disaster, making it unsuitable for mission-critical systems that require immediate availability.

Warm Sites offer partially configured systems with pre-installed operating systems and applications. Data may be replicated periodically to reduce downtime compared to cold sites. Warm Sites strike a balance between cost and recovery speed. They are suitable for businesses that need moderate recovery objectives but still cannot achieve near-instantaneous failover.

Hot Sites maintain fully operational duplicates of production environments. Systems are running continuously, synchronized with primary systems, and ready to take over at a moment’s notice. This approach ensures minimal downtime during failover, allowing organizations to meet stringent Recovery Time Objectives (RTOs) and Recovery Point Objectives (RPOs). Hot Sites are essential for industries such as finance, healthcare, and e-commerce, where even a few minutes of downtime can result in significant operational and financial losses.

Backup Tapes are offline data storage media. While critical for long-term archival and data retention, they do not provide immediate operational capacity. Organizations relying solely on backup tapes must restore hardware and software environments from scratch, which can take hours or even days. The correct answer is Hot Site because it guarantees a fully functioning environment ready to continue production without noticeable disruption, ensuring business continuity for high-priority workloads.

Question 68 

Which cloud networking service caches content globally to reduce latency for users?

A) VPN
B) CDN
C) SD-WAN
D) DNS

Answer: B) CDN

Explanation:

VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) provide secure, encrypted communication channels over public networks. They are primarily used to ensure data privacy and integrity but do not cache or distribute content to improve performance. A VPN’s focus is security rather than reducing latency for end users accessing large volumes of content globally.

Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) are specialized services that cache static and dynamic content across geographically distributed servers. By serving data from the server closest to the user, CDNs reduce latency, minimize network congestion, and improve user experience. They are widely used for websites, media streaming, and globally distributed applications. CDNs also offload demand from origin servers, reducing infrastructure load and mitigating the impact of sudden traffic spikes.

SD-WAN optimizes traffic across wide area networks by intelligently routing data for performance and cost efficiency. While it can improve network responsiveness and reliability, SD-WAN does not distribute or cache content globally to reduce latency in the same way that a CDN does. Its primary function is network-level optimization rather than content delivery.

DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names into IP addresses to locate services on a network. DNS does not cache application content to improve latency, though caching DNS queries may reduce lookup times slightly. It does not replace the need for a global content caching infrastructure. The correct answer is CDN because it strategically positions content closer to end users worldwide, providing significant reductions in latency and improved application performance.

Question 69 

Which cloud security control ensures that users can access only the resources they are authorized for?

A) Encryption
B) RBAC
C) MFA
D) Firewalls

Answer: B) RBAC

Explanation:

Encryption secures data by transforming it into a format readable only by authorized parties. While crucial for protecting data in transit and at rest, encryption does not define who can access specific resources. It ensures confidentiality but does not enforce access policies based on user roles or responsibilities.

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) assigns permissions according to predefined roles within an organization. Users can only perform actions and access resources associated with their roles. RBAC simplifies management in multi-user cloud environments, reduces the risk of unauthorized access, and supports compliance with security frameworks. It provides a granular, systematic method for controlling resource access at scale, ensuring that users interact only with the systems and data necessary for their roles.

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) strengthens authentication by requiring multiple forms of verification. While MFA ensures that the right user is accessing the system, it does not specify which resources they are permitted to use. MFA and RBAC are complementary, but only RBAC governs resource access policies.

Firewalls control network traffic between internal and external networks, filtering unauthorized connections. They protect infrastructure but do not manage user permissions within applications or services. The correct answer is RBAC because it directly enforces who can access specific cloud resources, supporting secure and compliant multi-user cloud operations.

Question 70 

Which cloud computing feature allows organizations to offload traffic to a public cloud during peak demand?

A) Hybrid Cloud
B) Cloud Bursting
C) Edge Computing
D) Multi-tenancy

Answer: B) Cloud Bursting

Explanation:

Hybrid Cloud combines private and public resources, offering flexibility in where workloads reside. While hybrid cloud enables strategic placement of workloads, it does not automatically offload excess traffic or dynamically scale to address peak demand. Organizations still need policies or services to manage load distribution.

Cloud Bursting addresses the need for elasticity during periods of high demand. When private cloud or on-premises resources reach capacity, additional workloads are temporarily shifted to a public cloud to maintain performance without over-provisioning internal systems. This approach allows organizations to optimize infrastructure costs while ensuring consistent user experience. Cloud Bursting is ideal for seasonal workloads, e-commerce spikes, or unpredictable traffic surges.

Edge Computing reduces latency by processing data close to its source, such as IoT devices or regional servers. While it improves response times and network efficiency, it does not provide mechanisms to extend workloads to the public cloud during peak traffic.

Multi-tenancy allows multiple customers to share the same infrastructure securely. It enhances resource efficiency and cost-effectiveness but does not inherently provide dynamic workload offloading to handle spikes in demand. The correct answer is Cloud Bursting because it enables temporary extension of private workloads into public cloud environments, ensuring scalable performance during peak periods without unnecessary investment in permanent infrastructure.

Question 71 

Which cloud backup method is ideal for near real-time data replication between primary and secondary sites?

A) Full Backup
B) Incremental Backup
C) Continuous Replication
D) Cold Storage

Answer: C) Continuous Replication

Explanation:

Full Backup is a traditional backup method that involves copying all data from a primary system to a backup location at regular intervals, typically daily, weekly, or monthly. This method ensures that a complete copy of the system exists at a specific point in time, making it useful for restoring an entire dataset in case of failure. However, full backups are time-consuming, consume large amounts of storage, and are not designed for continuous, near real-time updates. If a system experiences frequent changes or critical transactional activity, relying solely on full backups could result in significant data loss, as the last backup may not reflect the most recent changes.

Incremental Backup improves efficiency by only capturing data that has changed since the last backup, whether it was a full or incremental backup. This reduces storage requirements and backup time compared to full backups. While incremental backups are suitable for many business environments, they still do not provide real-time replication. The backup occurs on a scheduled basis, which means there could be a gap between the latest changes and the backup, potentially resulting in data loss during a sudden system failure or disaster.

Continuous Replication, on the other hand, synchronizes data in near real-time between the primary and secondary sites. Unlike traditional backups, this approach constantly monitors changes in the source data and immediately replicates them to the secondary location. This ensures that both sites have up-to-date copies of data, significantly minimizing the Recovery Point Objective (RPO). Continuous replication is particularly critical for organizations with mission-critical applications where even minimal data loss can lead to operational or financial impact. It also supports disaster recovery strategies by enabling rapid failover to a secondary site, ensuring business continuity.

Cold Storage is designed for long-term archival of data that is infrequently accessed, such as historical records, compliance data, or older backups. While it is cost-effective and secure, it is not suitable for real-time replication or immediate disaster recovery needs. Data stored in cold storage may take hours or even days to retrieve, which does not meet the requirements for applications needing near-instant data availability. Therefore, among the options, Continuous Replication is the correct choice as it ensures that data is always synchronized between sites, providing minimal downtime and maximum data protection for real-time or mission-critical operations.

Question 72 

Which cloud approach processes data near the source to reduce latency for IoT and real-time applications?

A) Edge Computing
B) Cloud Bursting
C) SaaS
D) Multi-tenancy

Answer:  A) Edge Computing

Explanation:

Edge Computing is an architectural approach that places compute and storage resources physically close to where data is generated. By moving processing nearer to IoT devices, sensors, or end-user applications, edge computing dramatically reduces the time it takes for data to travel to centralized cloud servers. This reduction in latency is essential for real-time analytics, augmented reality, autonomous systems, and other latency-sensitive applications. Edge computing can also reduce bandwidth usage and cloud costs since only processed or summarized data may be sent to the central cloud.

Cloud Bursting is a hybrid cloud strategy that allows workloads to temporarily overflow from a private cloud to a public cloud during peak demand periods. While it provides scalability and flexibility, cloud bursting does not inherently reduce latency or bring computing closer to the data source. Its primary benefit is managing workload spikes rather than optimizing performance for real-time processing.

Software as a Service (SaaS) delivers fully managed applications over the internet. Users interact with the software via a browser or client, while the provider manages infrastructure and updates. Although SaaS simplifies application deployment and reduces management overhead, it does not optimize the location of processing. Latency-sensitive operations may still experience delays if the SaaS servers are geographically distant from the users or devices generating data.

Multi-tenancy is a cloud architecture where multiple customers share the same computing resources while remaining logically isolated. While it is efficient for resource utilization and cost sharing, multi-tenancy does not inherently reduce latency or process data near the source. It is primarily a design choice for cost optimization rather than performance enhancement for time-critical applications.

Edge Computing is the correct answer because it directly addresses latency concerns by processing data close to its origin. By reducing the physical distance and network hops between data generation and processing, it ensures faster decision-making and immediate response, which is crucial for IoT, real-time analytics, and other applications requiring low-latency performance.

Question 73 

Which cloud monitoring tool provides insights into end-to-end application performance, including database queries and transaction times?

A) Bandwidth Monitor
B) CPU Utilization Monitor
C) Application Performance Monitoring (APM)
D) SSL Certificate Tracker

Answer: C) Application Performance Monitoring (APM)

Explanation:

Bandwidth Monitors focus on tracking network throughput, such as the amount of data transmitted or received over a network interface. While they provide visibility into network performance and congestion, they do not analyze application-specific behavior or internal processes. High bandwidth usage does not necessarily indicate performance problems at the application or transaction level, so bandwidth monitoring alone cannot detect root causes for slow application responses.

CPU Utilization Monitors track the load on a system’s processor, indicating how busy the CPU is at any given time. High CPU usage can suggest performance bottlenecks in compute-intensive tasks, but it does not provide detailed insights into application workflows, database query performance, or transaction latency. CPU metrics are only one part of understanding overall application health.

Application Performance Monitoring (APM) tools are designed to provide a comprehensive view of application behavior. They monitor transaction response times, database queries, external service calls, and user interactions, enabling IT teams to identify performance bottlenecks and optimize the user experience. APM can trace problems across multiple layers, from front-end requests to back-end databases, helping maintain consistent performance and quickly diagnosing issues that could impact users or revenue.

SSL Certificate Trackers monitor the expiration and validity of security certificates. While important for security compliance, they do not provide any insights into application performance or transaction processing. SSL monitoring ensures secure connections but does not track latency, errors, or database performance.

APM is the correct choice because it delivers end-to-end visibility into the application stack. By monitoring user transactions, backend services, and database queries, it allows organizations to proactively identify and resolve performance issues, ensuring optimal application operation and enhanced user satisfaction.

Question 74 

Which cloud deployment model is most suitable for collaboration among multiple organizations with shared compliance requirements?

A) Public Cloud
B) Private Cloud
C) Community Cloud
D) Hybrid Cloud

Answer: C) Community Cloud

Explanation:

Public Cloud provides computing resources over the internet to the general public on a shared basis. It is cost-effective and highly scalable, making it suitable for general-purpose workloads. However, public clouds may not satisfy specific regulatory or compliance requirements because resources are shared among a large number of unrelated users, and organizations have limited control over infrastructure configuration.

Private Cloud is dedicated to a single organization, offering full control over infrastructure, data, and security policies. While it provides high security and customization, it is not designed for collaboration between multiple organizations. Private clouds typically incur higher costs and are focused on internal organizational needs rather than shared compliance objectives across entities.

Community Cloud is a deployment model shared among organizations with common regulatory, security, or operational requirements. It allows multiple organizations to collaborate while maintaining compliance and security boundaries for each participant. The shared infrastructure is tailored to meet collective needs, such as industry-specific regulations or standards, while providing cost efficiency and resource optimization compared to fully private deployments.

Hybrid Cloud combines private and public clouds to offer flexibility, scalability, and disaster recovery capabilities. While hybrid clouds allow organizations to mix workloads across environments, they do not inherently focus on multi-organization collaboration or shared compliance. It is more suitable for balancing internal and external workloads than facilitating inter-organizational partnerships.

Community Cloud is the correct answer because it enables multiple organizations to share infrastructure while adhering to shared compliance requirements. It strikes a balance between collaboration and security, allowing entities to benefit from resource sharing without compromising regulatory or operational constraints.

Question 75 

Which cloud feature detects unauthorized modifications to data, ensuring integrity?

A) Encryption
B) Checksums and Hashing
C) MFA
D) RBAC

Answer: B) Checksums and Hashing

Explanation:

Encryption secures the confidentiality of data by transforming it into a format that is unreadable without a decryption key. While encryption prevents unauthorized access to data, it does not detect if the data has been altered or tampered with. A malicious actor could modify encrypted data without being detected until decryption occurs, making encryption insufficient for integrity checks alone.

Checksums and hashing generate unique digital fingerprints for data, allowing verification of integrity. Any modification, even a single bit change, results in a different checksum or hash value. This mechanism ensures that data stored or transmitted across networks has not been altered, enabling organizations to detect unauthorized modifications promptly. Hashing algorithms such as SHA-256 are commonly used in cloud environments to validate the integrity of critical files and datasets.

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) strengthens user authentication by requiring multiple credentials, such as a password and a security token. While MFA reduces the risk of unauthorized access, it does not verify whether the data itself has been altered or compromised. MFA ensures secure access but does not inherently monitor data integrity.

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) manages permissions and access levels based on user roles. While RBAC restricts who can view or modify data, it cannot detect if someone successfully bypasses controls or if accidental corruption occurs. RBAC is a preventative measure, not a detection mechanism.

Checksums and Hashing are the correct answer because they provide a reliable method for detecting changes in data, maintaining integrity, and ensuring that stored or transmitted information remains trustworthy. This capability is essential for compliance, security, and operational reliability in cloud environments.

Question 76 

Which cloud service provides fully managed virtual desktops for end users?

A) IaaS
B) PaaS
C) SaaS
D) DaaS

Answer: D) DaaS

Explanation:

IaaS, or Infrastructure as a Service, is a cloud service model that delivers virtualized computing resources over the internet. This includes virtual machines, storage, and networking capabilities. While IaaS provides the foundational infrastructure required to run applications or desktops, it does not include fully managed desktop environments. Users must configure operating systems, applications, and desktop settings themselves, which requires internal IT management. IaaS is more suitable for organizations looking to deploy custom workloads rather than providing ready-to-use virtual desktops for end users.

PaaS, or Platform as a Service, abstracts infrastructure management and provides a platform for developers to build, deploy, and manage applications without worrying about underlying servers or networking. It focuses on application development and middleware services, not on delivering virtual desktop environments. Developers benefit from PaaS by gaining access to preconfigured runtimes, development frameworks, and integration tools, but end users cannot use PaaS to access a fully managed desktop experience remotely.

SaaS, or Software as a Service, delivers complete software applications over the internet, typically accessed through a browser. SaaS is focused on end-user applications such as email, office productivity tools, or CRM software. While SaaS eliminates the need for local installation and maintenance of specific applications, it does not provide a virtual desktop environment where the entire desktop operating system, applications, and storage are centrally managed and accessible from any device.

DaaS, or Desktop as a Service, is specifically designed to provide cloud-hosted virtual desktops to end users. The service provider manages the underlying infrastructure, operating system updates, storage, security, and application deployment. Users can remotely access a fully functional desktop environment from anywhere, using various devices, without the need to maintain local hardware or perform IT management tasks. DaaS simplifies desktop provisioning, improves remote work capabilities, and allows organizations to scale desktop resources based on user demand. The correct answer is DaaS because it uniquely provides fully managed desktop environments, enabling organizations to offer consistent desktop experiences without the operational overhead of managing local infrastructure.

Question 77 

Which cloud feature ensures workloads continue running without downtime despite hardware failures?

A) Elasticity
B) High Availability
C) Multi-tenancy
D) Portability

Answer: B) High Availability

Explanation:

Elasticity is a cloud feature that allows systems to automatically scale resources up or down based on workload demand. While elasticity is critical for handling fluctuating workloads efficiently, it does not inherently prevent downtime caused by hardware failures. Elasticity ensures resources match demand but does not include built-in mechanisms for redundancy, failover, or continuous operation during component failures.

High Availability, in contrast, is specifically designed to ensure continuous operation of workloads even when hardware or software components fail. It employs techniques such as redundant servers, clustering, data replication, and automatic failover. By distributing workloads across multiple nodes and data centers, high availability mitigates the risk of service interruptions, maintaining uptime for critical applications. High availability is a cornerstone for mission-critical workloads where downtime can result in financial loss or operational disruption.

Multi-tenancy is a model in which multiple customers share the same computing resources, such as servers and storage. While it optimizes resource utilization and reduces costs, it does not provide guarantees for workload uptime. The performance and availability of workloads in a multi-tenant environment depend on the cloud provider’s infrastructure design and failover mechanisms but are not inherently ensured by multi-tenancy itself.

Portability refers to the ability to move workloads and applications between cloud environments or between cloud and on-premises infrastructure. While portability improves flexibility and vendor independence, it does not prevent downtime. Moving workloads might help avoid vendor lock-in, but it does not provide redundancy or failover protection for live operations. High Availability is the correct answer because it is explicitly designed to maintain continuous operations during failures, ensuring reliability, resilience, and service continuity for critical workloads.

Question 78 

Which cloud backup strategy stores only changed data since the last full backup to minimize storage use?

A) Full Backup
B) Incremental Backup
C) Differential Backup
D) Cold Storage

Answer: B) Incremental Backup

Explanation:

Full Backup involves copying all data in a system or environment, regardless of whether it has changed since the previous backup. While this method simplifies restoration because all data is contained in one backup set, it consumes significant storage space and requires longer backup windows. Organizations often combine full backups with other backup strategies to optimize storage efficiency and performance.

Incremental Backup captures only the data that has changed since the last backup of any type, whether full or incremental. This approach minimizes storage requirements and reduces backup time, making it more efficient for frequent backups. Recovery involves restoring the last full backup and then applying all incremental backups in sequence to reconstruct the current state of the data. Incremental backups are ideal for organizations seeking a balance between storage efficiency and data protection.

Differential Backup saves all changes made since the last full backup. While it requires less storage than repeatedly performing full backups, it uses more storage than incremental backups because each differential backup grows in size until the next full backup. Differential backups are faster to restore than incremental backups since only the last full backup and the most recent differential backup are needed.

Cold Storage refers to a low-cost, long-term archival solution for data that is rarely accessed. While suitable for historical or compliance data, cold storage does not provide incremental backup functionality or active backup optimization. Incremental Backup is the correct answer because it efficiently minimizes storage usage while ensuring recoverability by only capturing changed data since the last backup.

Question 79 

Which cloud networking technology dynamically routes traffic across multiple WAN links to optimize performance?

A) VPN
B) SD-WAN
C) CDN
D) DNS

Answer: B) SD-WAN

Explanation:

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) provides encrypted communication tunnels over the internet, enabling secure connections between remote users and corporate networks. While VPNs enhance security, they do not optimize traffic across multiple WAN links or dynamically select the best network path. VPN traffic typically follows predetermined routes, which may lead to inefficiencies in performance.

Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) intelligently manages network traffic across multiple WAN links. SD-WAN continuously monitors link performance, including latency, packet loss, and bandwidth availability, and dynamically routes traffic over the optimal path. This improves application performance, enhances reliability, and provides redundancy in case of link failure. SD-WAN also allows centralized policy enforcement and traffic prioritization, making it ideal for modern distributed cloud environments.

Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) cache content at edge locations closer to end users to reduce latency and improve download speeds. While CDNs enhance the delivery of static and dynamic content, they do not dynamically manage or route traffic across multiple WAN links within an organization’s network.

Domain Name System (DNS) translates domain names into IP addresses, facilitating network communication. DNS does not provide mechanisms for traffic optimization across WAN links. SD-WAN is the correct answer because it combines performance monitoring, intelligent routing, and redundancy to optimize WAN traffic dynamically.

Question 80

Which cloud deployment model combines private and public cloud resources to meet varying workload needs?

A) Public Cloud
B) Private Cloud
C) Hybrid Cloud
D) Community Cloud

Answer: C) Hybrid Cloud

Explanation:

Public Cloud provides scalable computing resources that are shared among multiple tenants and accessed over the internet. While it offers flexibility, elasticity, and cost efficiency, it does not allow organizations to maintain sensitive workloads in a private, controlled environment. Public cloud resources are best suited for general-purpose applications or variable workloads without strict regulatory requirements.

Private Cloud is dedicated to a single organization and provides complete control over infrastructure, security, and compliance. While private cloud environments enhance data protection and customizability, they may lack the scalability and cost advantages offered by public cloud resources. Organizations using private cloud may struggle to efficiently handle peak workloads without overprovisioning infrastructure.

Hybrid Cloud integrates both private and public cloud environments, allowing organizations to place workloads according to performance, cost, and security requirements. Critical or sensitive workloads can remain on private infrastructure, while non-sensitive or elastic workloads can leverage the public cloud for scalability, disaster recovery, or seasonal demand. Hybrid cloud provides a flexible, cost-effective, and resilient model for modern enterprise computing.

Community Cloud is a shared infrastructure among organizations with similar needs or compliance requirements. While it provides collaboration and shared resource benefits, it does not dynamically integrate private and public cloud resources. Hybrid Cloud is the correct answer because it enables organizations to balance security, performance, and cost while leveraging the advantages of both private and public clouds.