Google Professional Cloud Network Engineer Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set5 Q81-100

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Question 81:

You are designing a hybrid cloud network connecting multiple on-premises sites to Google Cloud. The solution must provide encrypted communication, dynamic routing, automatic failover, and the ability to scale to additional sites without manual route updates. Which solution is most suitable?

A) Cloud VPN with static routes
B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)
C) Dedicated Interconnect without Cloud Router
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)

Explanation:

A) Cloud VPN with static routes uses IPsec tunnels to encrypt traffic between on-premises networks and Google Cloud. While encryption is provided, static routes cannot dynamically update in response to tunnel failures. Failover requires manual intervention, increasing downtime risk. Additionally, scaling to multiple sites requires manually configuring each route for every new tunnel or subnet, creating operational overhead and potential misconfigurations. For organizations with multiple data centers, this solution is inefficient and error-prone.

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) is correct because it provides both encryption and dynamic routing. Cloud Router uses BGP to automatically advertise and learn routes between Google Cloud VPCs and on-premises networks. If a VPN tunnel fails, BGP withdraws the routes associated with that tunnel and directs traffic through alternative healthy tunnels, providing automatic failover. This approach scales efficiently to multiple sites without manual configuration. Cloud Router also supports redundancy with multiple tunnels and integrates with monitoring systems to provide alerts and operational visibility. This solution meets all requirements for encrypted, resilient, and scalable hybrid connectivity, making it ideal for large and complex network environments.

C) Dedicated Interconnect provides high bandwidth and low latency for large-scale data transfer but does not natively offer encryption. Without Cloud Router, it relies on static routes for traffic management, requiring manual failover configuration. While suitable for large throughput requirements, it does not fulfill the requirement for automatic dynamic routing and encrypted communication without additional complexity.

D) VPC Peering allows private communication between VPCs but cannot connect on-premises networks. It lacks encryption and dynamic routing capabilities, making it unsuitable for hybrid cloud scenarios requiring secure, highly available connectivity.

Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) is the most appropriate solution because it addresses all requirements: encryption, dynamic routing, automatic failover, and scalable multi-site connectivity.

Question 82:

Your organization needs to enforce network security policies across all VPCs in multiple projects. Policies must be non-overridable by project-level administrators and cover both ingress and egress traffic. Which solution should you implement?

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions
B) Hierarchical firewall policies
C) Cloud Armor
D) VPC Service Controls

Answer:

B) Hierarchical firewall policies

Explanation:

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions prevent unauthorized modifications at the project level. However, they do not provide centralized enforcement across multiple projects or VPCs. Project-level administrators can still add conflicting rules, creating compliance and security risks. Managing firewall rules manually across multiple projects is operationally challenging and error-prone.

B) Hierarchical firewall policies are correct because they allow administrators to define rules at the organization or folder level, which automatically propagate to all child projects and VPCs. These rules cannot be overridden by project administrators, ensuring centralized enforcement. Hierarchical policies cover both ingress and egress traffic, simplifying compliance management and auditing. They reduce operational overhead compared to manually maintaining rules in each project, providing consistent network security across the entire organization. Hierarchical firewall policies also scale efficiently in enterprise environments, ensuring uniform protection and alignment with organizational security standards.

C) Cloud Armor provides Layer 7 security, protecting applications from DDoS attacks and filtering HTTP(S) requests. While effective at the application layer, Cloud Armor cannot enforce network-layer firewall rules across VPCs and projects, making it insufficient for organization-wide network security enforcement.

D) VPC Service Controls create security perimeters around Google-managed services to prevent data exfiltration. While they enhance API security, they do not enforce ingress or egress network traffic policies between VPCs and cannot replace hierarchical firewall policies.

Hierarchical firewall policies are the only solution that ensures consistent, centralized, and non-overridable network security across multiple projects and VPCs.

Question 83:

You need to monitor all network traffic across multiple VPCs to detect anomalies, perform trend analysis, and support security and operational investigations. Which solution should you implement?

A) Firewall logging
B) Cloud Logging
C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics

Answer:

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery

Explanation:

A) Firewall logging captures traffic that is allowed or denied based on firewall rules. While useful for auditing rule enforcement, it provides only partial visibility into network traffic. It does not provide detailed flow-level information necessary for detecting anomalies, performing trend analysis, or conducting forensic investigations across multiple VPCs.

B) Cloud Logging collects logs from various Google Cloud resources, offering general observability. However, it does not provide detailed metadata about network flows such as IP addresses, ports, protocols, packet counts, or bytes transferred. This limits its usefulness for comprehensive network monitoring, anomaly detection, or performance analysis.

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery are correct. Flow Logs provide detailed metadata for all ingress and egress traffic at the subnet level, including source and destination IPs, ports, protocol, packet counts, and bytes transferred. Exporting the logs to BigQuery allows for scalable querying and trend analysis. Analysts can identify suspicious communication patterns, detect potential data exfiltration, and troubleshoot performance bottlenecks. Security teams can create anomaly detection rules and operational teams can generate dashboards for monitoring traffic trends. Flow Logs provide centralized visibility across multiple VPCs and projects, integrating with Cloud Monitoring to provide alerts and operational dashboards. This makes it ideal for comprehensive network observability, operational troubleshooting, and security analytics.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics provide statistics for traffic passing through the load balancer but only cover selected backends. They do not offer holistic network visibility or support analytics for the entire VPC, making them insufficient for large-scale monitoring or anomaly detection.

VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery provide comprehensive, centralized, and actionable insights into network traffic across multiple VPCs, enabling both security monitoring and operational optimization.

Question 84:

You are designing a global web application that requires a single IP address, routing users to the closest healthy backend, caching static content at the edge, and automatic failover across regions. Which load balancer should you use?

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Network Load Balancer
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer

Answer:

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer

Explanation:

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer operates in a single region. It cannot provide a single global anycast IP, route users to the nearest healthy backend across multiple regions, or perform automatic cross-region failover. Although it can integrate with Cloud CDN, its global reach is limited.

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is correct. It provides a single anycast IP address worldwide, routes users to the closest healthy backend, and integrates with Cloud CDN for edge caching of static content, reducing latency and egress costs. Automatic failover ensures high availability if a backend or region becomes unhealthy. Additional features include SSL termination, path-based routing, and intelligent Layer 7 traffic management. This solution ensures low latency, high reliability, and optimal performance for global users.

C) Network Load Balancer operates at Layer 4 (TCP/UDP) and is regional. It cannot provide global routing, edge caching, or automatic failover. It is better suited for high-throughput TCP/UDP workloads rather than global HTTP(S) applications.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer is intended for private internal traffic within a VPC. It does not provide global reach, public IP exposure, or caching capabilities, making it unsuitable for serving global web traffic.

The Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer meets all requirements for global reach, edge caching, routing to the closest healthy backend, and failover.

Question 85:

You are building a hybrid cloud architecture where on-premises workloads need private access to Google Cloud APIs without using public IP addresses. Only specific APIs should be accessible. Which solution should you implement?

A) Cloud NAT
B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints
C) Default internet gateway
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints

Explanation:

A) Cloud NAT allows private VMs to access the internet without public IPs. While it enables connectivity, all traffic goes to public API endpoints, and it does not allow restricting access to specific APIs. This violates compliance and privacy requirements.

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints is correct. It enables private access to selected Google Cloud APIs using internal IP addresses. Administrators can specify which APIs are accessible, ensuring compliance and privacy. Traffic remains within Google’s private network, eliminating exposure to the public internet. It scales across multiple projects and networks and integrates with Cloud VPN or Dedicated Interconnect for hybrid deployments. Logging and monitoring can be enabled for auditing API usage. This solution provides secure, controlled, and private access to Google Cloud APIs.

C) Default internet gateway sends traffic over public IPs and provides no control over which APIs are accessed, violating the private access requirement.

D) VPC Peering allows private connectivity between VPCs but does not provide access to Google-managed APIs or the ability to enforce API-level restrictions.

Private Service Connect is the only solution that ensures secure, private, and restricted access to Google Cloud APIs without public IPs, meeting hybrid cloud security requirements.

Question 86:

You are designing a hybrid network architecture to connect multiple on-premises sites to Google Cloud. The requirements include encrypted communication, dynamic routing, automatic failover, and scalable multi-site connectivity. Which solution is most suitable?

A) Cloud VPN with static routes
B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)
C) Dedicated Interconnect without Cloud Router
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)

Explanation:

A) Cloud VPN with static routes offers encrypted IPsec tunnels, providing secure communication between on-premises sites and Google Cloud. However, static routes do not support automatic failover. If a tunnel goes down, administrators must manually update routes to redirect traffic. Scaling this solution to multiple sites requires adding routes individually for each subnet or tunnel, increasing operational complexity and the risk of misconfiguration. For large-scale hybrid networks, static routing becomes inefficient and error-prone.

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) is correct because it combines encrypted communication with dynamic route management. Cloud Router uses BGP to automatically advertise and learn routes between Google Cloud VPCs and on-premises sites. In case of a tunnel failure, BGP withdraws affected routes and reroutes traffic through healthy tunnels, ensuring high availability and automatic failover. It supports multiple tunnels per site, redundant paths, and seamless scalability to additional sites without manual route updates. Integration with monitoring systems allows administrators to receive alerts and gain visibility into tunnel health, route changes, and traffic patterns. This solution is ideal for hybrid deployments requiring secure, scalable, and resilient connectivity.

C) Dedicated Interconnect provides high-bandwidth, low-latency connectivity but does not natively encrypt traffic. Without Cloud Router, it relies on static routes for failover and scaling, requiring manual configuration. While suitable for heavy data transfer workloads, it does not meet the requirement for dynamic routing and automatic failover without additional complexity.

D) VPC Peering allows private communication between VPC networks but cannot connect on-premises sites. It lacks encryption and dynamic routing, making it unsuitable for hybrid network architectures requiring secure, resilient connectivity.

Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) is the only solution that fulfills all requirements for encrypted, scalable, dynamic, and highly available hybrid cloud connectivity.

Question 87:

Your organization wants to enforce network security policies across all VPCs in multiple projects. Policies must cover both ingress and egress traffic and be non-overridable by project-level administrators. Which solution should you implement?

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions
B) Hierarchical firewall policies
C) Cloud Armor
D) VPC Service Controls

Answer:

B) Hierarchical firewall policies

Explanation:

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions allow control over who can modify rules at the project level. While this prevents unauthorized changes, it does not provide centralized enforcement across multiple VPCs and projects. Project administrators can still introduce conflicting rules, leading to compliance and security issues. Managing rules individually across multiple projects is operationally complex and prone to error

B) Hierarchical firewall policies are correct. They allow administrators to define network security rules at the organization or folder level, which propagate automatically to all child projects. These rules take precedence over project-level rules and cannot be overridden, ensuring consistent enforcement of ingress and egress policies across the entire organization. Hierarchical policies simplify auditing, reduce operational overhead, and ensure compliance with corporate and regulatory standards. They cover internal and external communication, providing centralized control over traffic flow across multiple VPCs.

C) Cloud Armor provides Layer 7 protection, mitigating DDoS attacks and filtering HTTP(S) traffic. While useful for web application security, it does not enforce network-layer firewall rules across VPCs, making it insufficient for organization-wide network policy enforcement.

D) VPC Service Controls create security perimeters around Google-managed services to prevent data exfiltration. They do not enforce general network-layer traffic policies between VPCs, making them insufficient for comprehensive network security enforcement.

Hierarchical firewall policies are the only solution that provides centralized, non-overridable network security across multiple projects and VPCs, meeting both operational and compliance requirements.

Question 88:

You need to monitor network traffic across multiple VPCs for anomaly detection, trend analysis, and operational troubleshooting. Which solution should you implement?

A) Firewall logging
B) Cloud Logging
C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics

Answer:

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery

Explanation:

A) Firewall logging provides information on allowed or denied traffic based on firewall rules. While useful for auditing policy enforcement, it only captures a subset of traffic. It does not offer visibility into all network flows and cannot provide sufficient detail for anomaly detection, trend analysis, or forensic investigation across multiple VPCs.

B) Cloud Logging collects logs from various Google Cloud services, providing general observability. However, it does not inherently include detailed metadata about network flows, such as IP addresses, ports, protocols, bytes, and packet counts. Without this data, large-scale analysis, anomaly detection, and operational troubleshooting are limited.

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery are correct. Flow Logs capture detailed metadata for all ingress and egress traffic at the subnet level, including source/destination IPs, ports, protocol, bytes transferred, and packet counts. Exporting these logs to BigQuery allows scalable querying and analytics for trend detection, anomaly detection, and forensic investigation. Security teams can identify unexpected traffic patterns or potential exfiltration, and operations teams can troubleshoot network performance issues. Flow Logs integrate with Cloud Monitoring for real-time alerting and dashboards. This solution provides centralized, queryable, and actionable visibility across multiple VPCs and projects, supporting both operational and security use cases.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics provide statistics only for traffic passing through the load balancer. They do not offer holistic network visibility or the detail needed for analytics, making them insufficient for enterprise-scale monitoring and anomaly detection.

VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery provides complete, centralized, and actionable insights for monitoring, security, and operational analysis across multiple VPCs.

Question 89:

You are designing a global web application that requires a single IP address, routing users to the closest healthy backend, edge caching of static content, and automatic failover across regions. Which load balancer should you choose?

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Network Load Balancer
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer

Answer:

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer

Explanation:

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer operates only within a single region. It cannot provide a single global anycast IP address, route users to the nearest healthy backend across multiple regions, or perform automatic failover. Although it integrates with Cloud CDN, it lacks true global distribution.

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is correct. It provides a single anycast IP address worldwide and routes users to the closest healthy backend. Integration with Cloud CDN enables edge caching of static content, reducing latency and egress costs. Automatic failover ensures availability if a backend or region becomes unhealthy. Additional features include SSL termination, path-based routing, and intelligent Layer 7 traffic distribution, making it suitable for global web applications requiring high availability and performance.

C) Network Load Balancer operates at Layer 4 (TCP/UDP) and is regional. It cannot provide global routing, CDN integration, or automatic failover, making it unsuitable for global HTTP(S) applications.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer is designed for private internal traffic within a VPC. It cannot serve public traffic, provide global reach, or edge caching, making it unsuitable for global web applications.

Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer meets all requirements for global reach, low latency, edge caching, and routing to the closest healthy backend.

Question 90:
You are building a hybrid cloud architecture where on-premises workloads require private access to Google Cloud APIs without public IPs. Only specific APIs should be accessible. Which solution should you implement?

A) Cloud NAT
B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints
C) Default internet gateway
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints

Explanation:

A) Cloud NAT allows private VMs to access the internet without public IPs. However, traffic still reaches public API endpoints, and it does not allow restricting access to specific APIs. This violates privacy and compliance requirements.

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints is correct. It allows private access to selected Google Cloud APIs using internal IP addresses. Administrators can control which APIs workloads can access, ensuring compliance with organizational security policies. Traffic remains on Google’s private network, eliminating public internet exposure. Private Service Connect scales across multiple projects and networks and can integrate with Cloud VPN or Dedicated Interconnect for hybrid connectivity. Logging and monitoring can be enabled for auditing API usage. This solution provides secure, controlled, and private access to Google Cloud APIs while meeting hybrid cloud security requirements.

C) Default internet gateway sends traffic through public IPs and does not provide API-level restrictions, violating private access requirements.

D) VPC Peering allows private connectivity between VPCs but does not provide access to Google-managed APIs or enforce API-level restrictions.

Private Service Connect is the only solution that provides secure, private, and restricted access to Google Cloud APIs without public IPs, meeting hybrid cloud requirements.

Question 91:

You need to establish a secure, high-availability hybrid connection between on-premises data centers and Google Cloud, with dynamic routing and automatic failover. Which solution should you implement?

A) Cloud VPN with static routes
B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)
C) Dedicated Interconnect without Cloud Router
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)

Explanation:

A) Cloud VPN with static routes uses IPsec to encrypt traffic but relies on static routes. Failover is not automatic, and any changes in the network require manual route adjustments. Scaling to multiple sites adds operational overhead and increases the risk of misconfiguration.

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) is correct because it combines encryption with dynamic routing. BGP allows automatic advertisement and learning of routes between on-premises sites and Google Cloud VPCs. If a tunnel fails, BGP withdraws the affected routes and directs traffic through healthy tunnels. Multiple tunnels can provide redundancy, and additional sites can be added without manual configuration. Integration with monitoring tools ensures visibility into tunnel health and route propagation. This approach satisfies requirements for secure, scalable, resilient, and highly available hybrid connectivity.

C) Dedicated Interconnect provides high throughput and low latency but does not natively offer encryption. Without Cloud Router, it relies on static routes, requiring manual failover. Encryption would need to be added via IPsec, increasing complexity.

D) VPC Peering connects VPCs privately but cannot link on-premises networks. It lacks encryption and dynamic routing, making it unsuitable for hybrid cloud requirements.

Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) provides the only solution that meets all hybrid connectivity requirements including encryption, dynamic routing, automatic failover, and scalability.

Question 92:

You need to enforce consistent network security policies across all VPCs in multiple projects, including both ingress and egress filtering, that cannot be overridden by project-level administrators. Which solution is appropriate?

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions
B) Hierarchical firewall policies
C) Cloud Armor
D) VPC Service Controls

Answer:

B) Hierarchical firewall policies

Explanation:

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions limit who can modify rules in each project but do not provide organization-wide policy enforcement. Project administrators can still introduce rules that conflict with global policies.

B) Hierarchical firewall policies are correct because they allow policies to be defined at the organization or folder level and propagate automatically to all child projects and VPCs. These rules cannot be overridden by project-level administrators, ensuring centralized enforcement of ingress and egress policies. They simplify auditing, reduce administrative overhead, and ensure consistent compliance across multiple projects. Hierarchical firewall policies scale efficiently and provide centralized visibility, covering both internal and external traffic flows.

C) Cloud Armor is designed for Layer 7 protection of web applications. While effective at mitigating DDoS and filtering HTTP(S) traffic, it cannot enforce network-layer policies across multiple VPCs and projects.

D) VPC Service Controls protect Google-managed services by creating security perimeters. They do not enforce ingress or egress traffic across VPCs and projects and are insufficient for network-level security enforcement.

Hierarchical firewall policies are the only solution that ensures consistent, centralized, and non-overridable network security across multiple projects and VPCs.

Question 93:

You need detailed monitoring and analysis of network traffic across multiple VPCs to detect anomalies, optimize performance, and conduct security investigations. Which solution should you implement?

A) Firewall logging
B) Cloud Logging
C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics

Answer:

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery

Explanation:

A) Firewall logging only captures allowed or denied traffic per firewall rule. It does not provide complete visibility into all network flows, limiting its usefulness for anomaly detection, trend analysis, or forensic investigations.

B) Cloud Logging collects logs from multiple Google Cloud services but does not inherently include detailed flow-level metadata such as source/destination IPs, ports, protocols, bytes, and packet counts. Without this, large-scale analysis and anomaly detection are limited.

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery is correct. Flow Logs provide detailed metadata for all ingress and egress traffic at the subnet level, including IPs, ports, protocols, packet counts, and bytes transferred. Exporting these logs to BigQuery enables scalable analysis, trend monitoring, anomaly detection, and forensic investigation. Security teams can detect suspicious activity or potential data exfiltration, and operations teams can identify performance bottlenecks. Integration with Cloud Monitoring allows for real-time alerts and dashboards. This solution provides centralized, queryable, and actionable network visibility across multiple VPCs and projects.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics provide only partial insights for traffic through specific backends and do not offer comprehensive visibility or detailed metadata, making them insufficient for enterprise-scale monitoring.

VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery are the best solution for full visibility, operational analysis, and security monitoring.

Question 94:

You are designing a global web application that requires a single anycast IP, routing users to the nearest healthy backend, edge caching, and automatic failover across regions. Which load balancer should you use?

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Network Load Balancer
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer

Answer:

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer

Explanation:

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is limited to a single region. It cannot provide a single global anycast IP, route traffic globally to the nearest healthy backend, or failover across regions.

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is correct. It provides a single anycast IP globally, routes traffic to the nearest healthy backend, and integrates with Cloud CDN for edge caching of static content. Automatic failover ensures high availability if a backend or region becomes unavailable. Features like SSL termination, path-based routing, and intelligent Layer 7 traffic management make it ideal for global applications requiring low latency, high availability, and performance optimization.

C) Network Load Balancer operates at Layer 4 and is regional. It does not support global routing, CDN integration, or automatic failover, making it unsuitable for global web applications.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer is intended for private internal traffic within a VPC. It cannot provide global public access, caching, or failover, making it unsuitable for global web services.

Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer fulfills all requirements for routing, caching, high availability, and a single anycast IP.

Question 95:

You are building a hybrid cloud architecture where on-premises workloads require private access to Google Cloud APIs without public IPs. Only specific APIs should be accessible. Which solution should you implement?

A) Cloud NAT
B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints
C) Default internet gateway
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints

Explanation:

A) Cloud NAT enables private VMs to access the internet without public IPs, but traffic still reaches public API endpoints and cannot be restricted to specific APIs.

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints is correct. It provides private access to selected Google Cloud APIs using internal IPs. Administrators can define which APIs workloads can access, ensuring compliance and security. Traffic remains within Google’s private network, avoiding public internet exposure. This solution scales across projects and networks and integrates with Cloud VPN or Dedicated Interconnect for hybrid environments. Logging and monitoring can be enabled for auditing API usage. Private Service Connect ensures secure, controlled, and private API access.

C) Default internet gateway routes traffic via public IPs, violating the requirement for private access.

D) VPC Peering allows private connectivity between VPCs but cannot access Google-managed APIs and does not provide API-level restrictions.

Private Service Connect is the only solution that meets hybrid cloud requirements for private, controlled API access without public IPs.

Question 96:

You are designing a multi-region application that requires encrypted communication between on-premises sites and Google Cloud with dynamic routing and automatic failover. Which solution should you implement?

A) Cloud VPN with static routes
B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)
C) Dedicated Interconnect without Cloud Router
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)

Explanation:

A) Cloud VPN with static routes provides encryption but lacks dynamic routing and automatic failover. Manual updates are required for route changes or failures.

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) is correct. It provides encrypted IPsec tunnels, dynamic route propagation via BGP, automatic failover in case of tunnel failure, and scalability to multiple sites. BGP allows routes to be learned and withdrawn automatically, ensuring high availability and seamless operation across multiple regions. Monitoring integration provides visibility into tunnel health and route propagation.

C) Dedicated Interconnect provides high-throughput, low-latency private connectivity between on-premises networks and Google Cloud, making it ideal for data-intensive workloads. However, it does not natively provide encryption for traffic, so sensitive data may require additional security measures such as IPsec tunnels. Additionally, without Cloud Router, Dedicated Interconnect relies on static routes, meaning that route updates and failover management must be handled manually. This lack of automatic dynamic routing and self-healing failover increases operational complexity, particularly in multi-site or hybrid cloud deployments, and requires careful planning to ensure resilience and uninterrupted connectivity.

D) VPC Peering connects VPCs privately within Google Cloud, enabling workloads in different VPCs to communicate without using the public internet. However, it cannot extend connectivity to on-premises networks, and it does not provide encryption for traffic, leaving data exposed if additional security is needed. Furthermore, VPC Peering does not support dynamic route updates, so any changes to network topology require manual reconfiguration. This lack of automation and hybrid connectivity capabilities makes it unsuitable for enterprise scenarios that require secure, scalable, and centrally managed hybrid cloud networks.

Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) ensures secure, resilient, and scalable connectivity for multi-region hybrid deployments.

Question 97:

You need to enforce centralized ingress and egress network policies across multiple VPCs that cannot be overridden by project-level administrators. Which solution is appropriate?

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions
B) Hierarchical firewall policies
C) Cloud Armor
D) VPC Service Controls

Answer:

B) Hierarchical firewall policies

Explanation:

A) Project-level firewall rules with IAM restrictions do not provide organization-wide policy enforcement. Conflicting rules can exist at the project level.

B) Hierarchical firewall policies are correct. They allow rules to be defined at the organization or folder level, propagating automatically to all child projects and VPCs. Project administrators cannot override these rules. Policies cover both ingress and egress traffic, ensuring consistent, centralized enforcement. This reduces operational overhead, simplifies auditing, and ensures compliance with corporate security standards.

C) Cloud Armor protects web applications at Layer 7 by defending against HTTP(S) attacks, including DDoS, SQL injection, and cross-site scripting. However, it cannot enforce network-level policies across VPCs, such as controlling ingress or egress traffic between subnets or projects. It is focused on application-layer security rather than broad network security, so organizations requiring consistent firewall rules, centralized access control, and enforcement across multiple VPCs need solutions like hierarchical firewall policies or VPC Service Controls. Cloud Armor complements these network-level protections but does not replace them for enterprise-wide traffic management and compliance enforcement.

D) VPC Service Controls create security perimeters around Google-managed services to prevent data exfiltration and protect API access from unauthorized sources. However, they do not enforce general ingress or egress traffic policies at the network level, such as controlling traffic between VPCs, subnets, or external networks. Organizations that need consistent, organization-wide network traffic control must complement Service Controls with hierarchical firewall policies or other network-level enforcement mechanisms. While VPC Service Controls are excellent for protecting sensitive cloud services and maintaining compliance, they are not a complete solution for managing all aspects of network security and traffic flow.

Hierarchical firewall policies provide centralized, scalable, and non-overridable network policy enforcement.

Question 98:

You need detailed network traffic visibility across multiple VPCs for anomaly detection, troubleshooting, and performance optimization. Which solution should you implement?

A) Firewall logging
B) Cloud Logging
C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics

Answer:

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery

Explanation:

A) Firewall logs capture only traffic allowed or denied by rules and do not provide complete visibility.

B) Cloud Logging provides general observability across Google Cloud services, aggregating logs from VMs, applications, and managed services. However, it lacks detailed flow-level metadata such as source and destination IPs, ports, protocols, packet counts, and bytes transferred. Without this granular data, Cloud Logging cannot fully support network performance analysis, anomaly detection, or forensic investigations across multiple VPCs. Organizations requiring comprehensive traffic visibility, detailed security monitoring, or troubleshooting at the packet and flow level need additional tools, such as VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery, to gain actionable insights into network behavior and detect potential threats or misconfigurations.

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery are correct. It captures detailed metadata, including IP addresses, ports, protocols, bytes, and packet counts. Exporting to BigQuery enables scalable querying, trend analysis, anomaly detection, and forensic investigation. Security teams can detect suspicious patterns, while operations teams can identify bottlenecks. Integration with Cloud Monitoring allows real-time alerts. Flow Logs provide centralized visibility across multiple VPCs, supporting operational and security needs.

D)Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics provide performance data and traffic statistics only for the specific backends associated with that load balancer. They do not capture network flows across entire VPCs, subnets, or between multiple projects. As a result, relying solely on these metrics is insufficient for holistic network visibility, security monitoring, or comprehensive troubleshooting. Enterprises needing end-to-end insight into network behavior, anomaly detection, or forensic analysis should use solutions like VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery, which provide complete metadata for all ingress and egress traffic, enabling centralized, actionable insights across multiple VPCs and hybrid cloud environments.

VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery are the optimal solution for enterprise network monitoring and analysis.

Question 99:

You are designing a global web application that requires a single IP, routing to the nearest healthy backend, edge caching, and automatic failover. Which load balancer should you use?

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Network Load Balancer
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer

Answer:

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer

Explanation:

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is limited to a single region and cannot provide a global anycast IP address, meaning users outside that region may experience higher latency. It also lacks automatic failover across multiple regions, so if the regional backend becomes unhealthy or unavailable, traffic cannot be redirected to another region automatically. This limitation makes it unsuitable for globally distributed applications that require low latency, high availability, and resilience.

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is correct. It provides a single anycast IP, routes to the closest healthy backend, integrates with Cloud CDN for edge caching, and supports automatic failover across regions. SSL termination, path-based routing, and Layer 7 traffic management ensure high availability and low latency globally.

C) Network Load Balancer operates at Layer 4 (TCP/UDP) and is limited to a single region, making it unsuitable for global HTTP(S) applications that require advanced traffic management. It cannot provide features such as global anycast IP addresses, SSL termination, content-based routing, or automatic failover across multiple regions. This makes it ideal only for regional, non-HTTP(S) workloads that do not require application-layer intelligence or global distribution. For multi-region HTTP(S) applications, a global load balancer with Cloud CDN integration is necessary to ensure low latency, high availability, and optimal performance for users worldwide.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer is designed specifically for private internal traffic within a VPC or between VPCs. It cannot provide global reach, public access, or edge caching, limiting its use to regional or internal applications. It also lacks features like automatic failover across regions, SSL termination, and HTTP(S) traffic management, making it unsuitable for globally distributed, public-facing workloads that require low latency, high availability, and content delivery optimization. This load balancer is best used for internal service-to-service communication rather than external user traffic.

The Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer meets all requirements for global web application delivery.

Question 100:

You need private access to specific Google Cloud APIs from on-premises workloads without public IPs. Which solution should you implement?

A) Cloud NAT
B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints
C) Default internet gateway
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints

Explanation:

A) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer is designed specifically for private internal traffic within a VPC or between VPCs. It cannot provide global reach, public access, or edge caching, limiting its use to regional or internal applications. It also lacks features like automatic failover across regions, SSL termination, and HTTP(S) traffic management, making it unsuitable for globally distributed, public-facing workloads that require low latency, high availability, and content delivery optimization. Additionally, it does not integrate with Cloud CDN or global routing mechanisms, so traffic from external users must be routed through other public-facing services. This load balancer is best used for internal service-to-service communication, microservices architectures, or backend-only applications where security and isolation are priorities, rather than for delivering content or applications to end users worldwide.

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints is correct. It enables private, internal IP-based access to selected Google Cloud APIs. Administrators can define which APIs are accessible, ensuring compliance. Traffic stays within Google’s private network, avoiding public exposure. It scales across projects and networks and integrates with Cloud VPN or Dedicated Interconnect for hybrid deployments. Logging and monitoring provide auditing capabilities. This solution ensures secure, private, and restricted API access.

C) The default internet gateway exposes traffic from VMs to the public internet using public IP addresses, which violates requirements for private access and secure communication. Traffic traverses untrusted networks, increasing the risk of interception or unauthorized access. It cannot enforce restrictions on which APIs or services are accessible, making it unsuitable for scenarios that require controlled, private, and compliant access to Google Cloud resources. Enterprises needing secure hybrid cloud connectivity should use alternatives such as Private Service Connect or VPN with NAT to maintain privacy and compliance.

D) VPC Peering allows private connectivity between VPCs, enabling workloads to communicate securely without traversing the public internet. However, it cannot enforce API-level access controls or provide private connectivity to Google-managed APIs such as Cloud Storage, BigQuery, or Pub/Sub. This limitation makes it unsuitable for scenarios requiring granular API access, compliance enforcement, or hybrid cloud workloads that need controlled and private access to Google Cloud services. Peering is strictly limited to intra-cloud connectivity and cannot replace solutions like Private Service Connect for secure API access.

Private Service Connect is the only solution that meets the requirement for secure, controlled, and private API access from on-premises workloads.