Google Professional Cloud Network Engineer Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set10 Q181-200

Visit here for our full Google Professional Cloud Network Engineer exam dumps and practice test questions.

Question 181:

You are designing a hybrid cloud network connecting multiple on-premises sites to Google Cloud. The network must provide encrypted communication, high availability, dynamic routing, and scalable site addition. Which solution should you implement?

A) Cloud VPN with static routes
B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)
C) Dedicated Interconnect without Cloud Router
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)

Explanation:

A) Cloud VPN with static routes uses IPsec tunnels to connect on-premises networks to Google Cloud. While encrypted, static routes require manual configuration, which becomes complex as more sites are added. If a tunnel fails, routes must be manually updated, potentially leading to downtime. This approach is difficult to scale in multi-site environments, making it less suitable for enterprise networks.

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) is correct. It combines IPsec tunnels with dynamic routing via BGP. Routes are automatically advertised and learned between Google Cloud and on-premises networks. If a tunnel fails, BGP withdraws affected routes and reroutes traffic through healthy tunnels, ensuring high availability. Multiple tunnels can be provisioned for redundancy, increasing fault tolerance. Adding new sites is straightforward since BGP propagates routes dynamically. Cloud Router integrates with monitoring tools for visibility into tunnel health, route updates, and anomalies. This combination ensures a secure, scalable, highly available hybrid network with simplified operational management, making it the optimal choice for enterprise deployments planning for growth.

C) Dedicated Interconnect provides high bandwidth and low latency but lacks native encryption. Without Cloud Router, static routing and manual failover are required, which does not satisfy dynamic routing or multi-site expansion requirements. Adding IPsec for encryption introduces additional complexity.

D) VPC Peering provides private connectivity between VPCs but cannot connect on-premises sites. It does not support encryption, dynamic routing, or automated failover, making it unsuitable for hybrid cloud networks.

Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) provides the best combination of security, scalability, high availability, and operational simplicity for enterprise-scale hybrid cloud networks.

Question 182:

You need to enforce centralized network security policies across multiple projects and VPCs, ensuring that project-level administrators cannot override them. Which solution should you use?

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions
B) Hierarchical firewall policies
C) Cloud Armor
D) VPC Service Controls

Answer:

B) Hierarchical firewall policies

Explanation:

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions allow project-level administrators to control who can modify firewall rules. While this provides limited control, it does not ensure centralized enforcement across multiple projects. Conflicts between rules may occur, making policy management complex and challenging to audit.

B) Hierarchical firewall policies are correct. They allow administrators to define policies at the organization or folder level, which automatically propagate to all child projects and VPCs. Project-level administrators cannot override these rules, ensuring consistent enforcement of ingress and egress traffic across the enterprise. Centralized management reduces operational overhead, simplifies auditing, and ensures compliance with regulatory requirements. Hierarchical firewall policies scale efficiently across both internal and external traffic. Logging and monitoring provide visibility into enforcement, enabling proactive detection of misconfigurations or security violations. This solution ensures operational efficiency, compliance, and consistent security posture in large multi-project environments.

C) Cloud Armor protects applications at Layer 7 from DDoS attacks and HTTP(S) threats. While important for application security, it does not enforce network-wide policies across multiple VPCs or projects.

D) VPC Service Controls provide security perimeters around Google-managed services to prevent data exfiltration. While useful, they do not enforce general ingress or egress rules across multiple VPCs.

Hierarchical firewall policies are the most effective solution for centralized, non-overridable network security enforcement.

Question 183:

You need comprehensive network visibility across multiple VPCs to detect anomalies, optimize performance, and support forensic investigations. Which solution provides detailed flow-level visibility and centralized analysis?

A) Firewall logging
B) Cloud Logging
C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics

Answer:

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery

Explanation:

A) Firewall logging records traffic that is allowed or denied based on firewall rules. While useful for auditing firewall enforcement, it only provides partial network visibility. It captures limited metadata and lacks detailed information such as full packet counts, bytes transferred, or source/destination IPs for all flows, making it insufficient for anomaly detection, performance optimization, or forensic investigation.

B) Cloud Logging aggregates logs from Google Cloud services and provides general observability. However, it does not capture detailed flow-level metadata required for comprehensive operational or security analysis. Without detailed flow-level data, Cloud Logging alone cannot support enterprise-scale network monitoring or incident investigation effectively.

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery are correct. Flow Logs capture metadata for all ingress and egress traffic at the subnet level, including source/destination IPs, ports, protocols, packet counts, and bytes transferred. Exporting to BigQuery allows scalable analysis for anomaly detection, traffic pattern analysis, performance optimization, and forensic investigation. Security teams can detect unauthorized access, suspicious activity, or potential data exfiltration. Operations teams can identify bottlenecks, optimize routing, and troubleshoot network performance issues. Integration with Cloud Monitoring provides dashboards and real-time alerts. VPC Flow Logs provide centralized, queryable, and actionable network visibility across multiple VPCs and projects, supporting operational efficiency, security compliance, and proactive incident response.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics provide traffic insights at specific backends but do not capture full flow-level metadata, making them insufficient for enterprise-scale monitoring or security analysis.

VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery is the most comprehensive solution for detailed, centralized network visibility and operational management.

Question 184:

You are designing a global web application that requires a single public IP, routing users to the nearest healthy backend, caching static content at the edge, and automatic failover across regions. Which load balancer should you implement?

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Network Load Balancer
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer

Answer:

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer

Explanation:

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer operates within a single region. It cannot provide a global anycast IP, automatic failover across regions, or routing to the nearest healthy backend. While it can integrate with Cloud CDN, it is unsuitable for globally distributed applications requiring low latency and high availability.

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is correct. It provides a single global anycast IP address and automatically routes users to the nearest healthy backend. Integration with Cloud CDN caches static content at the edge, improving performance and reducing latency. Automatic failover ensures high availability if a backend or region becomes unhealthy. Additional features include SSL termination, path-based routing, intelligent Layer 7 traffic management, logging, and monitoring. This load balancer is ideal for globally distributed applications requiring low latency, scalability, and high availability.

C) Network Load Balancer operates at Layer 4 and is regional. It cannot provide global reach, edge caching, or automatic failover, making it unsuitable for global applications.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer is intended for private internal traffic and cannot provide public access, edge caching, or cross-region failover.

Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer satisfies all requirements for worldwide applications, ensuring low latency, high availability, and scalability.

Question 185:

You are building a hybrid cloud environment where on-premises workloads require private access to selected Google Cloud APIs without using public IPs. Which solution should you implement?

A) Cloud NAT
B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints
C) Default internet gateway
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints

Explanation:

A) Cloud NAT allows private VMs to access the internet without public IPs, but traffic still reaches public API endpoints. It cannot restrict access to specific APIs, failing the requirement for private, secure API access.

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints is correct. It enables private access to selected Google Cloud APIs using internal IP addresses. Administrators can define which APIs workloads can access, ensuring secure, controlled, and compliant access. Traffic remains entirely within Google’s private network, avoiding public internet exposure. Private Service Connect scales across multiple projects and VPCs and integrates with Cloud VPN or Dedicated Interconnect for hybrid deployments. Logging and monitoring provide visibility and auditability of API usage. This solution ensures private, secure, and restricted API access for hybrid cloud workloads, meeting enterprise compliance requirements.

C) Default internet gateway routes traffic via public IPs, violating private API access requirements and cannot restrict access to specific APIs.

D) VPC Peering provides private connectivity between VPCs but cannot enforce API-level restrictions or connect securely to Google-managed APIs.

Private Service Connect with specific endpoints is the only solution that guarantees secure, private, and controlled API access in a hybrid cloud environment.

Question 186:

You are designing a hybrid cloud network connecting multiple on-premises sites to Google Cloud. The solution must provide encrypted communication, high availability, dynamic routing, and seamless addition of future sites. Which solution should you implement?

A) Cloud VPN with static routes
B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)
C) Dedicated Interconnect without Cloud Router
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)

Explanation:

A) Cloud VPN with static routes establishes encrypted IPsec tunnels between on-premises networks and Google Cloud. Static routes require manual configuration for each tunnel, making failover cumbersome. If a tunnel fails, administrators must manually update routes, introducing potential downtime. Adding new sites requires careful manual route configuration, making it less scalable for enterprise networks.

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) is correct. It combines IPsec tunnels with dynamic routing via BGP. Routes are automatically advertised and learned between Google Cloud and on-premises networks. If a tunnel fails, BGP withdraws affected routes and reroutes traffic through healthy tunnels, ensuring high availability. Multiple tunnels provide redundancy, and adding new sites is seamless since BGP propagates routes dynamically without manual intervention. Cloud Router also integrates with monitoring tools for visibility into tunnel health, route updates, and anomalies. This solution provides secure, scalable, and highly available hybrid cloud connectivity with minimal operational overhead, making it the best choice for multi-site enterprise deployments.

C) Dedicated Interconnect offers high bandwidth and low latency but lacks native encryption. Without Cloud Router, static routes and manual failover are required, which does not meet dynamic routing or multi-site scalability requirements. Implementing IPsec adds complexity.

D) VPC Peering enables private connectivity between VPCs but cannot connect on-premises sites. It does not support encryption, dynamic routing, or automated failover, making it unsuitable for hybrid cloud networks.

Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) provides the optimal combination of security, scalability, high availability, and operational simplicity for enterprise-scale hybrid networks.

Question 187:

You need to enforce centralized network security policies across multiple projects and VPCs, ensuring that project-level administrators cannot override them. Which solution should you implement?

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions
B) Hierarchical firewall policies
C) Cloud Armor
D) VPC Service Controls

Answer:

B) Hierarchical firewall policies

Explanation:

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions allow project-level administrators to control rule changes. While this provides some control, it does not ensure centralized enforcement across multiple VPCs or projects. Policy conflicts can occur, and auditing and compliance become more complex in large organizations.

B) Hierarchical firewall policies are correct. Policies defined at the organization or folder level propagate automatically to all child projects and VPCs. Project-level administrators cannot override these rules, ensuring consistent ingress and egress traffic enforcement. Centralized management reduces operational overhead, simplifies auditing, and ensures regulatory compliance. Hierarchical firewall policies scale efficiently across internal and external traffic. Logging and monitoring integration provides visibility into policy enforcement, enabling proactive detection of misconfigurations or violations. This solution ensures operational efficiency, security consistency, and compliance across large, multi-project environments.

C) Cloud Armor protects applications at Layer 7 by mitigating DDoS attacks, filtering malicious HTTP(S) traffic, and applying application-level security policies. However, it does not enforce network-level security policies across multiple VPCs or projects. Organizations requiring consistent, organization-wide network traffic control must combine Cloud Armor with hierarchical firewall policies, VPC Service Controls, or other network-level enforcement tools. While Cloud Armor strengthens application security, it cannot replace centralized network policy enforcement, control east-west traffic between subnets or VPCs, or ensure uniform security standards across multiple projects, which are critical for enterprise compliance, operational efficiency, and risk mitigation.

D) VPC Service Controls create security perimeters around Google-managed services to prevent data exfiltration and unauthorized access, helping to protect sensitive information. However, they do not enforce general ingress or egress traffic rules across multiple VPCs, subnets, or projects. Organizations still need hierarchical firewall policies, network-level access controls, and monitoring tools to manage overall traffic flows and ensure enterprise-wide security. While VPC Service Controls secure Google APIs and services, they must be combined with traditional network security solutions to achieve comprehensive enforcement, compliance, and protection across hybrid or multi-project cloud environments.

Hierarchical firewall policies are the most effective approach for centralized, non-overridable security enforcement across an enterprise network.

Question 188:

You need full network visibility across multiple VPCs to detect anomalies, optimize performance, and support forensic investigations. Which solution provides detailed flow-level visibility and centralized analysis?

A) Firewall logging
B) Cloud Logging
C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics

Answer:

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery

Explanation:

A) Firewall logging captures traffic allowed or denied per firewall rule. While useful for auditing firewall enforcement, it provides partial network visibility. Metadata is limited, lacking detailed information such as packet counts, bytes transferred, and source/destination IPs for all flows, which is insufficient for anomaly detection, performance optimization, or forensic investigations.

B) Cloud Logging aggregates logs from multiple Google Cloud services and provides general observability. However, it does not capture detailed flow-level metadata needed for comprehensive operational or security analysis. Without flow-level data, Cloud Logging cannot support enterprise-scale monitoring or investigations effectively.

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery are correct. Flow Logs capture metadata for all ingress and egress traffic at the subnet level, including source and destination IPs, ports, protocols, packet counts, and bytes transferred. Exporting logs to BigQuery enables scalable querying, anomaly detection, traffic pattern analysis, performance optimization, and forensic investigation. Security teams can detect unauthorized access, unusual activity, or potential data exfiltration. Operations teams can identify network bottlenecks, optimize routing, and troubleshoot network performance issues. Integration with Cloud Monitoring provides dashboards and real-time alerts. VPC Flow Logs deliver centralized, queryable, and actionable network visibility across multiple VPCs and projects, supporting operational efficiency, security compliance, and proactive incident response.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics provide traffic insights at specific backends but do not capture complete flow-level metadata, making them insufficient for enterprise-scale monitoring or security analysis.

VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery provides the most comprehensive solution for detailed, centralized network visibility and operational management.

Question 189:

You are designing a global web application requiring a single public IP, routing users to the nearest healthy backend, caching static content at the edge, and automatic failover across regions. Which load balancer should you implement?

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Network Load Balancer
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer

Answer:

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer

Explanation:

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer operates within a single region. It cannot provide a global anycast IP, route users to the nearest healthy backend globally, or provide automatic cross-region failover. While it can integrate with Cloud CDN, it is unsuitable for globally distributed applications requiring low latency and high availability.

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is correct. It provides a single global anycast IP address, automatically routing users to the nearest healthy backend. Cloud CDN caches static content at the edge, reducing latency and improving performance. Automatic failover ensures high availability if a backend or region becomes unhealthy. Additional features include SSL termination, path-based routing, intelligent Layer 7 traffic management, logging, and monitoring. This load balancer is ideal for globally distributed applications requiring low latency, scalability, and high availability.

C) Network Load Balancer operates at Layer 4 and is regional. It cannot provide global reach, edge caching, or cross-region failover, making it unsuitable for global applications.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer is intended for private internal traffic and cannot provide public access, edge caching, or cross-region failover.

Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer satisfies all requirements for worldwide applications, ensuring low latency, high availability, and scalability.

Question 190:

You are building a hybrid cloud environment where on-premises workloads require private access to selected Google Cloud APIs without using public IPs. Which solution should you implement?

A) Cloud NAT
B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints
C) Default internet gateway
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints

Explanation:

A) Cloud NAT allows private VMs to access the internet without public IPs, but traffic still reaches public API endpoints. It cannot restrict access to specific APIs, which does not meet the requirement for private, secure API access.

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints is correct. It provides private access to selected Google Cloud APIs using internal IP addresses. Administrators can define which APIs workloads can access, ensuring secure, controlled, and compliant access. Traffic remains entirely within Google’s private network, avoiding exposure to the public internet. Private Service Connect scales across multiple projects and VPCs and integrates with Cloud VPN or Dedicated Interconnect for hybrid deployments. Logging and monitoring provide visibility and auditability of API access. This solution ensures private, secure, and restricted API access for hybrid cloud workloads, supporting enterprise compliance requirements.

C) The default internet gateway routes all VM traffic through public IP addresses, exposing it to the public internet and violating private API access requirements. It cannot restrict access to specific Google-managed APIs or external services, creating potential security, privacy, and compliance risks. Organizations requiring private, controlled API access must use alternatives such as Private Google Access, Private Service Connect, or hybrid networking solutions with Cloud VPN and Cloud Router. These approaches ensure traffic remains within private networks, enforce API-level restrictions, and meet enterprise security and regulatory requirements while minimizing exposure to public networks.

D) VPC Peering provides private connectivity between VPCs, allowing workloads to communicate securely within Google Cloud without using the public internet. However, it cannot enforce API-level restrictions or provide secure, private access to Google-managed APIs such as Cloud Storage, BigQuery, or Pub/Sub. Peering only establishes network-level connectivity and does not control service-level access. For organizations that require secure, compliant, and controlled API access, solutions like Private Service Connect or VPC Service Controls must be used alongside VPC Peering to ensure private, policy-driven service-to-service communication across projects and VPCs.

Private Service Connect with specific endpoints guarantees secure, private, and controlled API access for hybrid cloud environments.

Question 191:

You are designing a hybrid cloud network connecting multiple on-premises sites to Google Cloud. The solution must provide encrypted communication, high availability, dynamic routing, and scalable addition of future sites. Which solution should you implement?

A) Cloud VPN with static routes
B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)
C) Dedicated Interconnect without Cloud Router
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)

Explanation:

A) Cloud VPN with static routes provides encrypted IPsec tunnels between on-premises networks and Google Cloud. Routes must be manually configured for each tunnel, creating operational complexity. If a tunnel fails, routes must be updated manually, potentially causing downtime. Adding new sites increases configuration complexity, reducing scalability for multi-site enterprise networks.

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) is correct. It combines encrypted IPsec tunnels with dynamic routing via BGP. Routes are automatically advertised and learned between Google Cloud and on-premises networks. If a tunnel fails, BGP withdraws affected routes and reroutes traffic through healthy tunnels, ensuring high availability. Multiple tunnels provide redundancy, increasing fault tolerance. Adding new sites is seamless as BGP propagates routes dynamically. Cloud Router integrates with monitoring tools for tunnel health, route updates, and anomaly detection. This design provides secure, highly available, and scalable hybrid cloud connectivity with simplified operations, making it optimal for enterprise networks planning for growth.

C) Dedicated Interconnect provides high bandwidth and low latency but lacks native encryption. Without Cloud Router, static routing and manual failover are required, which does not satisfy dynamic routing or multi-site scalability requirements. Adding IPsec introduces additional operational complexity.

D) VPC Peering enables private connectivity between VPCs but cannot connect on-premises sites. It does not support encryption, dynamic routing, or automated failover, making it unsuitable for hybrid cloud networks.

Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) is the best combination of security, scalability, high availability, and operational simplicity for hybrid cloud networks.

Question 192:

You need to enforce centralized network security policies across multiple projects and VPCs, ensuring that project-level administrators cannot override them. Which solution should you implement?

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions
B) Hierarchical firewall policies
C) Cloud Armor
D) VPC Service Controls

Answer:

B) Hierarchical firewall policies

Explanation:

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions allow project-level administrators to control rule changes. While this provides some control, it does not enforce centralized policies across multiple projects or VPCs. Conflicts can arise, making auditing and compliance difficult in large organizations.

B) Hierarchical firewall policies are correct. Policies defined at the organization or folder level propagate automatically to all child projects and VPCs. Project-level administrators cannot override these rules, ensuring consistent ingress and egress traffic enforcement. Centralized management reduces operational overhead, simplifies auditing, and maintains compliance with regulatory requirements. Hierarchical firewall policies scale efficiently across internal and external traffic. Logging and monitoring integration provides visibility into enforcement, enabling proactive detection of misconfigurations or policy violations. This approach ensures operational efficiency, security consistency, and compliance across large multi-project environments.

C) Cloud Armor protects applications at Layer 7 from DDoS attacks and HTTP(S) threats. It does not enforce network-level policies across multiple VPCs.

D) VPC Service Controls provide security perimeters around Google-managed services to prevent data exfiltration. While useful, it does not enforce general ingress or egress rules across multiple VPCs or projects.

Hierarchical firewall policies provide centralized, non-overridable security enforcement across enterprise networks.

Question 193:

You need detailed network visibility across multiple VPCs to detect anomalies, optimize performance, and support forensic investigations. Which solution provides comprehensive flow-level visibility and centralized analysis?

A) Firewall logging
B) Cloud Logging
C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics

Answer:

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery

Explanation:

A) Firewall logging captures traffic allowed or denied by firewall rules. While useful for auditing firewall enforcement, it provides only partial visibility, lacking detailed flow-level metadata such as packet counts, bytes transferred, and source/destination IPs. It is insufficient for anomaly detection, performance optimization, or forensic investigations.

B) Cloud Logging aggregates logs from multiple Google Cloud services and provides general observability. However, it does not capture flow-level metadata required for comprehensive operational or security analysis. Without detailed flow data, enterprise-scale monitoring and investigations are limited.

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery are correct. Flow Logs capture metadata for all ingress and egress traffic at the subnet level, including source/destination IPs, ports, protocols, packet counts, and bytes transferred. Exporting to BigQuery enables scalable querying and analysis, supporting anomaly detection, traffic pattern analysis, performance optimization, and forensic investigations. Security teams can detect unauthorized access, suspicious activity, or potential data exfiltration. Operations teams can identify bottlenecks, optimize routing, and troubleshoot network performance. Integration with Cloud Monitoring allows dashboards and real-time alerts. VPC Flow Logs provide centralized, queryable, and actionable visibility across multiple VPCs and projects, supporting operational efficiency, security compliance, and proactive incident response.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics provide traffic insights at specific backends but do not capture full flow-level metadata, making them insufficient for enterprise-scale monitoring or forensic analysis.

VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery provides the most comprehensive solution for detailed, centralized network visibility and operational management.

Question 194:

You are designing a global web application requiring a single public IP, routing users to the nearest healthy backend, caching static content at the edge, and automatic failover across regions. Which load balancer should you implement?

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Network Load Balancer
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer

Answer:

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer

Explanation:

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer operates within a single region. It cannot provide a global anycast IP, cross-region failover, or route users to the nearest healthy backend. While it can integrate with Cloud CDN, it is unsuitable for globally distributed applications requiring low latency and high availability.

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is correct. It provides a single global anycast IP address and automatically routes users to the nearest healthy backend. Integration with Cloud CDN caches static content at the edge, reducing latency and improving performance. Automatic failover ensures high availability if a backend or region becomes unhealthy. Additional features include SSL termination, path-based routing, intelligent Layer 7 traffic management, logging, and monitoring. This load balancer is ideal for globally distributed applications requiring scalability, low latency, and high availability.

C) Network Load Balancer operates at Layer 4 and is regional. It cannot provide global reach, edge caching, or cross-region failover, making it unsuitable for global applications.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer is intended for private internal traffic and cannot provide public access, edge caching, or cross-region failover.

Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer satisfies all requirements for worldwide applications, ensuring low latency, high availability, and scalability.

Question 195:

You are building a hybrid cloud environment where on-premises workloads require private access to selected Google Cloud APIs without using public IPs. Which solution should you implement?

A) Cloud NAT
B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints
C) Default internet gateway
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints

Explanation:

A) Cloud NAT allows private VMs to access the internet without public IPs, but traffic still reaches public API endpoints. It cannot restrict access to specific APIs, which fails the requirement for private, secure API access.

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints is correct. It provides private access to selected Google Cloud APIs using internal IP addresses. Administrators can define which APIs workloads can access, ensuring secure, controlled, and compliant access. Traffic remains entirely within Google’s private network, avoiding public internet exposure. Private Service Connect scales across multiple projects and VPCs and integrates with Cloud VPN or Dedicated Interconnect for hybrid deployments. Logging and monitoring provide visibility and auditability of API access. This solution ensures private, secure, and restricted API access for hybrid cloud workloads, meeting enterprise compliance requirements.

C) Default internet gateway routes traffic via public IPs, violating private API access requirements and cannot restrict access to specific APIs.

D) VPC Peering provides private connectivity between VPCs but cannot enforce API-level restrictions or connect securely to Google-managed APIs.

Private Service Connect with specific endpoints guarantees secure, private, and controlled API access in hybrid cloud environments.

Question 196:

You are designing a hybrid cloud network connecting multiple on-premises sites to Google Cloud. The network must provide encrypted communication, high availability, dynamic routing, and allow seamless expansion for additional sites. Which solution is most appropriate?

A) Cloud VPN with static routes
B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)
C) Dedicated Interconnect without Cloud Router
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP)

Explanation:

A) Cloud VPN with static routes offers secure IPsec tunnels between on-premises networks and Google Cloud. The tunnels encrypt traffic, ensuring confidentiality across the public internet. However, static routing requires administrators to manually configure routes for each VPN tunnel and for each site. This makes scaling to multiple sites operationally complex. If a tunnel fails, manual intervention is required to reroute traffic, increasing the risk of downtime and errors. Adding new sites involves replicating the static route configuration, which can become unmanageable in large enterprise deployments.

B) Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) is the correct solution. This design leverages IPsec tunnels for encryption while using BGP for dynamic route propagation. Routes are automatically advertised and learned between Google Cloud and on-premises networks. When a tunnel fails, BGP withdraws affected routes and traffic is rerouted via healthy tunnels, ensuring high availability. Multiple tunnels provide redundancy, enhancing resilience. Adding new sites is seamless because BGP dynamically propagates routes without manual intervention. Cloud Router also integrates with monitoring tools, providing real-time visibility into route changes, tunnel status, and anomalies. Operational efficiency improves significantly as dynamic routing reduces administrative overhead, minimizes risk of human error, and simplifies troubleshooting. This combination of encrypted communication, dynamic routing, high availability, and scalability makes Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) the best choice for enterprise hybrid cloud networks expecting multi-site growth.

C) Dedicated Interconnect provides high-bandwidth, low-latency connections between on-premises networks and Google Cloud. However, it lacks native encryption, and without Cloud Router, routing is static, requiring manual failover and making expansion difficult. Adding IPsec encryption on top of Interconnect adds complexity.

D) VPC Peering enables private connectivity between VPCs within Google Cloud. It does not connect to on-premises networks, nor does it provide encryption, dynamic routing, or automated failover. Therefore, it is unsuitable for hybrid cloud deployments that require multi-site connectivity.

Cloud VPN with Cloud Router (BGP) provides the optimal combination of security, high availability, scalability, and operational simplicity for hybrid cloud networks. Its dynamic routing ensures continuous connectivity even during tunnel failures and supports seamless expansion, meeting enterprise requirements.

Question 197:

You need to enforce centralized network security policies across multiple projects and VPCs, ensuring project-level administrators cannot override them. Which solution should you implement?

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions
B) Hierarchical firewall policies
C) Cloud Armor
D) VPC Service Controls

Answer:

B) Hierarchical firewall policies

Explanation:

A) Individual VPC firewall rules with IAM restrictions allow administrators to control who can modify firewall rules. While IAM can limit changes, it does not provide centralized enforcement across multiple projects. Conflicting rules may arise in different projects or VPCs, creating inconsistencies and increasing operational complexity. Auditing and regulatory compliance are difficult because each project must be manually verified for correct firewall settings.

B) Hierarchical firewall policies are the correct choice. Policies defined at the organization or folder level propagate automatically to all child projects and VPCs. This ensures project-level administrators cannot override the rules, guaranteeing consistent enforcement of ingress and egress traffic policies across the enterprise. Centralized management simplifies operational overhead, enables auditing, and ensures compliance with industry regulations such as HIPAA, GDPR, and ISO standards. Hierarchical firewall policies also scale efficiently across internal and external traffic. Logging and monitoring provide visibility into enforcement, enabling proactive detection of misconfigurations or policy violations. The centralized approach reduces the risk of accidental exposure, strengthens security posture, and simplifies operational management by providing a single point of control for all VPCs and projects.

C) Cloud Armor protects applications at Layer 7 from DDoS attacks and HTTP(S) threats. It does not enforce network-level policies across multiple VPCs or projects, and cannot centrally control project-level traffic.

D) VPC Service Controls provide perimeters around Google-managed services to prevent data exfiltration. While useful for service-level security, they do not enforce general ingress or egress rules across multiple VPCs or projects.

Hierarchical firewall policies provide centralized, non-overridable security enforcement, enabling consistent, scalable, and compliant network security management across an enterprise environment.

Question 198:

You need full network visibility across multiple VPCs for anomaly detection, performance optimization, and forensic investigations. Which solution provides comprehensive flow-level visibility and centralized analysis?

A) Firewall logging
B) Cloud Logging
C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics

Answer:

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery

Explanation:

A) Firewall logging captures traffic allowed or denied by firewall rules. It provides information about rule enforcement but lacks detailed flow-level metadata such as packet counts, bytes transferred, and source/destination IPs. It is insufficient for large-scale anomaly detection, traffic optimization, or forensic investigation.

B) Cloud Logging aggregates logs from multiple Google Cloud services, providing general observability. However, it does not include detailed flow-level data required for enterprise-scale network monitoring and security analysis. Without flow-level metadata, operations and security teams cannot fully analyze traffic patterns or investigate incidents.

C) VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery are correct. Flow Logs provide detailed metadata for all ingress and egress traffic at the subnet level, including source/destination IPs, ports, protocols, packet counts, and bytes transferred. Exporting to BigQuery allows scalable querying and analysis for anomaly detection, traffic pattern analysis, performance optimization, and forensic investigation. Security teams can detect suspicious activity, unauthorized access, or data exfiltration attempts. Operations teams can identify bottlenecks, optimize routing, and troubleshoot network issues. Integration with Cloud Monitoring allows dashboards and real-time alerts. Flow Logs provide centralized, queryable, and actionable visibility across multiple VPCs and projects, supporting operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, and proactive incident response. This makes VPC Flow Logs essential for enterprises requiring comprehensive network observability.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer metrics provide traffic visibility for backends but do not include complete flow-level metadata across VPCs. It is insufficient for large-scale security or operational analysis.

VPC Flow Logs exported to BigQuery offer the most robust and scalable solution for centralized network visibility, performance monitoring, and security investigations.

Question 199:

You are designing a global web application that requires a single public IP, routing users to the nearest healthy backend, caching static content at the edge, and automatic failover across regions. Which load balancer should you implement?

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C) Network Load Balancer
D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer

Answer:

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer

Explanation:

A) Regional External HTTP(S) Load Balancer operates within a single region. It cannot provide a global anycast IP or route users to the nearest healthy backend across regions. While it integrates with Cloud CDN for caching, it does not support global failover, making it unsuitable for globally distributed applications that require low latency and high availability.

B) Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer is correct. It provides a single global anycast IP, routing users to the nearest healthy backend automatically. Cloud CDN integration caches static content at the edge, reducing latency and improving user experience. Automatic failover ensures high availability if a backend or region becomes unhealthy. Additional features include SSL termination, path-based routing, intelligent Layer 7 traffic management, logging, and monitoring. It simplifies operational management by consolidating global traffic routing and failover, allowing developers to focus on application logic rather than network infrastructure. The solution is ideal for enterprise-grade, globally distributed applications requiring high performance, resilience, and scalability.

C) Network Load Balancer operates at Layer 4 and is regional. It does not provide global routing, edge caching, or cross-region failover, making it unsuitable for global applications.

D) Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancer is designed for private internal traffic and cannot provide public access, caching, or automatic global failover.

Global External HTTP(S) Load Balancer meets all requirements for worldwide applications, offering low latency, high availability, scalability, and simplified operational management.

Question 200:

You are building a hybrid cloud environment where on-premises workloads require private access to selected Google Cloud APIs without using public IPs. Which solution should you implement?

A) Cloud NAT
B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints
C) Default internet gateway
D) VPC Peering

Answer:

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints

Explanation:

A) Cloud NAT allows private VMs to access the internet without public IPs, but traffic still reaches public endpoints. It does not provide granular control over which Google Cloud APIs can be accessed privately, failing the requirement for secure API access.

B) Private Service Connect with specific endpoints is correct. It allows workloads to access selected Google Cloud APIs via private IP addresses within the VPC. Administrators can define which APIs workloads can access, ensuring secure, controlled, and compliant API usage. Traffic remains entirely within Google’s private network, avoiding exposure to the public internet. This solution scales across multiple projects and VPCs and integrates seamlessly with Cloud VPN or Dedicated Interconnect for hybrid cloud environments. Logging and monitoring provide visibility and auditability of API usage, ensuring enterprise compliance. Private Service Connect mitigates risks of data exfiltration or unauthorized access while enabling seamless hybrid cloud operations. By isolating API traffic within Google’s private network, it enhances security, operational control, and compliance while allowing enterprise workloads to communicate efficiently with cloud services.

C) Default internet gateway routes traffic via public IPs, violating the requirement for private API access and cannot restrict access to specific APIs.

D) VPC Peering provides private connectivity between VPCs but cannot enforce API-level restrictions or connect securely to Google-managed APIs.

Private Service Connect with specific endpoints ensures secure, private, and controlled access to Google Cloud APIs, fulfilling enterprise hybrid cloud security and compliance requirements.