Amazon AWS Certified Developer – Associate DVA-C02 Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 4 Q61-80

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Question 61 

Which AWS service allows developers to manage distributed configuration data for applications?

A) AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store
B) AWS Secrets Manager
C) AWS KMS
D) Amazon DynamoDB

Answer:  A) AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store

Explanation:

AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store is designed to provide developers and operations teams with a centralized location to store configuration data and secrets for applications. This service supports both plain text and encrypted values, allowing teams to maintain hierarchical storage of parameters such as environment variables, feature flags, database connection strings, or API keys. It provides versioning, auditing, and access control through AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM), enabling secure and controlled retrieval of configuration information. Applications can programmatically query Parameter Store at runtime, ensuring that configurations are consistent across multiple environments and distributed systems.

AWS Secrets Manager, while closely related, is focused primarily on securely storing sensitive credentials like API keys, passwords, and database credentials. It allows automatic rotation of secrets, which enhances security for dynamic credentials, but it is not designed to manage hierarchical configuration structures or generic application parameters. Its purpose is more narrowly focused on secret management rather than full application configuration management.

AWS Key Management Service (KMS) provides the ability to create and manage encryption keys and perform cryptographic operations. While KMS ensures secure encryption of data, it does not store or manage application configuration information. KMS is an underlying service often used by Parameter Store or Secrets Manager to encrypt sensitive data, but it cannot serve as a centralized configuration management solution by itself.

Amazon DynamoDB is a NoSQL database that can store structured key-value or document data. While it is possible to store application configuration in DynamoDB, it does not natively provide hierarchical management, versioning, or direct integration with application runtime retrieval in a way that simplifies distributed configuration management. Developers would need to implement additional logic to achieve the same capabilities that Parameter Store offers natively. Parameter Store is the correct choice because it provides centralized, secure, and version-controlled storage for distributed application configuration, simplifying management and enhancing security in complex environments.

Question 62 

Which AWS service enables continuous deployment to serverless applications?

A) AWS CodeDeploy
B) AWS CodePipeline
C) AWS CloudFormation
D) AWS CodeBuild

Answer: B) AWS CodePipeline

Explanation:

AWS CodePipeline is a continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) service that orchestrates the build, test, and deployment of applications. It allows developers to define automated pipelines that connect source code repositories, build processes, testing frameworks, and deployment targets, including serverless applications on AWS Lambda. CodePipeline provides automation for the entire delivery process, reducing manual intervention, and ensuring that applications can be deployed frequently and reliably. It also integrates with services like CloudFormation, CodeBuild, and CodeDeploy, enabling full automation for infrastructure and application updates.

AWS CodeDeploy is focused on automating deployments to targets such as EC2 instances, on-premises servers, or Lambda functions. It handles deployment strategies like rolling, blue/green, or canary deployments to reduce downtime and risk during application updates. However, CodeDeploy does not orchestrate an entire CI/CD workflow, meaning it cannot automatically integrate building, testing, and deployment processes in a unified pipeline by itself.

AWS CloudFormation allows developers to define and manage infrastructure as code. It can provision resources such as Lambda functions, S3 buckets, and DynamoDB tables, enabling consistent environment creation. CloudFormation is crucial for defining infrastructure, but it is not a CI/CD tool and does not handle continuous deployment pipelines or automate application build and test processes.

AWS CodeBuild is a fully managed build service that compiles source code, runs tests, and produces deployable artifacts. While it plays a critical role in the pipeline by ensuring that code is correctly built and validated, CodeBuild alone does not perform deployments or orchestrate multi-step workflows. CodePipeline is the correct choice because it integrates all these services into a seamless, automated process for continuous deployment, enabling serverless applications to be reliably and efficiently delivered.

Question 63 

Which service allows event-driven compute triggered by database table changes?

A) AWS Lambda
B) Amazon RDS
C) Amazon DynamoDB Streams
D) Amazon S3

Answer:  A) AWS Lambda

Explanation:

AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that runs code in response to events and automatically manages the underlying compute resources. Lambda supports triggers from various AWS services, including DynamoDB Streams, allowing developers to react to database changes such as inserts, updates, and deletions. By connecting Lambda to DynamoDB Streams, developers can implement real-time processing pipelines, perform data transformations, or trigger notifications without provisioning or managing servers. Lambda is highly scalable and ideal for event-driven architectures, providing seamless integration with multiple AWS services.

Amazon RDS is a managed relational database service for running MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, or Oracle databases. While RDS is excellent for structured relational data storage, it does not natively provide the ability to trigger compute functions in response to table changes. Developers would need to implement additional mechanisms such as database triggers combined with Lambda or messaging services to achieve event-driven behavior.

Amazon DynamoDB Streams captures changes to DynamoDB tables in near real-time. Streams act as a change log that records inserts, updates, and deletions. While it provides the event data, DynamoDB Streams cannot process events or execute business logic on its own. It must be paired with a compute service such as Lambda to implement reactive processing.

Amazon S3 is an object storage service that can trigger Lambda functions for events like object creation or deletion. However, S3 events are tied to object storage, not database changes. Lambda is the correct choice because it provides the serverless compute capability necessary to process events from DynamoDB Streams, enabling event-driven processing for database updates with minimal operational overhead.

Question 64 

Which AWS service allows secure management of SSL/TLS certificates for applications?

A) AWS Certificate Manager
B) AWS KMS
C) AWS Secrets Manager
D) Amazon CloudFront

Answer:  A) AWS Certificate Manager

Explanation:

AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) simplifies the management of SSL/TLS certificates for applications hosted on AWS. ACM handles the entire lifecycle of certificates, including provisioning, deployment, and automatic renewal, reducing operational complexity and improving security. Developers can use ACM certificates to enable HTTPS on web applications, APIs, and other services that require encrypted communication, without needing to manually configure certificate installation or renewal.

AWS KMS is a service for managing encryption keys and performing cryptographic operations, including encrypting and decrypting data. While KMS is critical for secure data encryption, it does not issue or manage SSL/TLS certificates for web applications. KMS is often used to encrypt secrets or sensitive data, but it is not designed for securing communication channels.

AWS Secrets Manager stores sensitive information such as passwords, API keys, and tokens. It allows automatic rotation of credentials, but it does not manage SSL/TLS certificates. Secrets Manager is focused on protecting secret information at rest, rather than securing network communications.

Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) that can use SSL/TLS certificates to encrypt traffic between end users and edge locations. While CloudFront integrates with ACM to utilize certificates, it does not provide certificate issuance, renewal, or lifecycle management itself. AWS Certificate Manager is correct because it centrally manages SSL/TLS certificates and automates their deployment, making it easier for developers to secure applications and ensure encrypted communication without manual intervention.

Question 65 

Which AWS service allows developers to analyze and debug distributed applications with latency and error insights?

A) AWS X-Ray
B) AWS CloudWatch
C) AWS CloudTrail
D) AWS Config

Answer:  A) AWS X-Ray

Explanation:

AWS X-Ray provides developers with the ability to trace requests across distributed applications, such as microservices or serverless architectures. It captures detailed data about request latency, errors, and service interactions, which enables deep visibility into application behavior. X-Ray visualizes request flows, helping teams identify bottlenecks, performance issues, or unexpected failures, and provides actionable insights for optimizing application performance and reliability.

AWS CloudWatch is a monitoring and observability service that collects metrics, logs, and events from AWS resources. CloudWatch allows developers to track system performance, set alarms, and perform basic operational troubleshooting. However, CloudWatch does not provide end-to-end request tracing or detailed latency analysis for individual transactions in distributed applications.

AWS CloudTrail records API calls and changes made to AWS resources, enabling auditing and governance. CloudTrail is valuable for tracking who performed what action and when, but it is not intended for monitoring runtime application performance or debugging application logic. It is primarily an auditing tool rather than a performance analysis tool.

AWS Config monitors and records changes to AWS resource configurations, providing visibility into infrastructure drift and compliance status. Config is focused on configuration auditing rather than analyzing application runtime performance. X-Ray is the correct choice because it delivers request-level tracing, latency metrics, and error insights, making it ideal for diagnosing issues in complex, distributed applications and improving operational efficiency.

Question 66 

Which AWS service provides a fully managed, high-performance key-value store for real-time applications?

A) Amazon DynamoDB
B) Amazon RDS
C) Amazon ElastiCache
D) Amazon S3

Answer:  A) Amazon DynamoDB

Explanation:

Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database that is designed for high-performance applications requiring low-latency data access. It supports both key-value and document data models, and it can automatically scale to accommodate workloads of any size. DynamoDB provides single-digit millisecond response times, which makes it ideal for real-time applications such as gaming, IoT devices, or mobile backends where performance and responsiveness are critical. Additionally, it offers built-in replication, high availability, and durability, which ensures that data is safe and consistently available.

Amazon RDS is a relational database service designed to handle structured data using SQL. While it is fully managed, supports automatic backups, and can scale for transactional workloads, it is not optimized for the low-latency, high-throughput key-value access patterns that real-time applications often require. Its relational model introduces overhead that can impact performance for highly dynamic or large-scale key-value operations.

Amazon ElastiCache provides an in-memory caching solution using Redis or Memcached. It is very fast for read-heavy workloads and transient data storage, making it useful for caching results of database queries or session data. However, it is not a persistent database and does not provide the durability and long-term storage capabilities required for applications that need reliable, persistent data storage in real time.

Amazon S3 is an object storage service optimized for storing and retrieving large volumes of data. It provides high durability and scalability but is not designed for real-time access to small data items or low-latency workloads. S3 is excellent for storing backups, logs, or media files, but accessing data in real time for applications like live gaming or IoT devices would be inefficient.

DynamoDB is correct because it combines low-latency, high-throughput access with persistence, automatic scaling, and a fully managed infrastructure. Unlike ElastiCache, it is durable and long-lived. Unlike RDS, it is optimized for key-value access rather than structured relational queries. Unlike S3, it is built for fast, real-time operations rather than bulk object storage, making it the ideal choice for real-time applications.

Question 67 

Which AWS service allows developers to automatically deploy code to multiple environments?

A) AWS CodeDeploy
B) AWS CodeBuild
C) AWS CodePipeline
D) AWS CloudFormation

Answer:  A) AWS CodeDeploy

Explanation: 

AWS CodeDeploy automates the process of deploying application code across multiple environments, whether on Amazon EC2 instances, AWS Lambda functions, or on-premises servers. It supports various deployment strategies, such as rolling updates, blue/green deployments, and canary releases, which helps minimize downtime and reduce risk during deployments. CodeDeploy also provides built-in rollback capabilities, allowing teams to revert to a previous version if an error occurs, ensuring the deployment process is both safe and repeatable.

AWS CodeBuild is a fully managed build service that compiles source code, runs tests, and produces deployable artifacts. While it is essential in the software development lifecycle for preparing applications for deployment, it does not actually handle the deployment process itself. It focuses on building and testing code rather than delivering it to environments.

AWS CodePipeline is a continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) service that orchestrates workflows by connecting various stages, such as building, testing, and deploying applications. While CodePipeline automates the flow of changes through the development pipeline, it typically relies on CodeDeploy or other deployment tools to execute the actual deployment step. CodePipeline coordinates processes rather than performing deployments directly.

AWS CloudFormation enables infrastructure as code, allowing developers to define and provision AWS resources using templates in JSON or YAML. While it can be used to set up environments for applications, it does not manage the deployment of application code itself.

CodeDeploy is the correct choice because it provides a dedicated solution for deploying application code reliably across multiple environments, automating complex workflows, and reducing the risk of human error. It integrates seamlessly with other CI/CD services, allowing developers to focus on coding while ensuring deployments remain consistent and efficient.

Question 68 

Which AWS service enables secure and scalable user authentication for web and mobile applications?

A) AWS Cognito
B) AWS IAM
C) AWS KMS
D) AWS Secrets Manager

Answer:  A) AWS Cognito

Explanation:

AWS Cognito is designed specifically to handle authentication, authorization, and user identity management for web and mobile applications. It provides a fully managed solution that supports sign-up, sign-in, and multi-factor authentication for end users. Cognito also integrates with social identity providers like Google, Facebook, and Amazon, as well as enterprise identity systems using SAML or OpenID Connect, enabling secure and scalable user access without developers needing to build authentication systems from scratch.

AWS IAM is primarily focused on controlling access to AWS resources for users, groups, and roles within an AWS account. It provides fine-grained permissions management but does not handle user authentication for external applications or customer-facing services. IAM is therefore critical for AWS resource security but is not suitable for application-level authentication.

AWS KMS (Key Management Service) is designed to manage cryptographic keys for encrypting and decrypting data. While essential for securing sensitive information, KMS does not provide functionality for authenticating users or managing identities. It ensures secure data but does not handle login or user verification processes.

AWS Secrets Manager securely stores secrets such as API keys or database credentials and provides automated rotation. It enhances security by managing sensitive information but does not perform user authentication or access control for application users.

Cognito is correct because it offers a fully managed, scalable, and secure system for authenticating users and managing identities in web and mobile applications. Unlike IAM, it targets application users rather than AWS administrators. Unlike KMS or Secrets Manager, it directly handles user login, access control, and integration with external identity providers, making it the complete solution for authentication needs.

Question 69 

Which AWS service allows developers to manage and rotate application secrets programmatically?

A) AWS Secrets Manager
B) AWS KMS
C) AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store
D) Amazon RDS

Answer:  A) AWS Secrets Manager

Explanation:

AWS Secrets Manager provides a fully managed solution for storing and managing sensitive information, such as database credentials, API keys, or tokens. It allows developers to programmatically retrieve secrets within applications and automatically rotate them according to configurable schedules, reducing the risk of credentials being compromised. This capability is especially important for maintaining security compliance and minimizing manual operational overhead in complex environments.

AWS KMS manages encryption keys and allows developers to encrypt and decrypt data securely. While essential for securing secrets, it does not provide a system for storing application secrets or handling rotation automatically. KMS secures the keys themselves rather than managing their usage as secrets within applications.

AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store can store configuration data and secrets and allows encryption using KMS keys. While it provides a secure and organized way to manage parameters, it does not natively support automatic rotation of secrets at scale. Developers would need to implement custom scripts for rotation, increasing management complexity.

Amazon RDS is a relational database service that manages databases for structured data storage and operations. While it interacts with credentials stored in Secrets Manager or Parameter Store, it does not manage secrets directly or handle programmatic rotation of credentials.

Secrets Manager is correct because it combines secure storage, programmatic retrieval, and automated rotation in a single managed service. It allows developers to focus on building applications without worrying about the operational challenges of managing sensitive credentials manually. Compared to KMS, Parameter Store, and RDS, Secrets Manager is purpose-built for secret lifecycle management at scale.

Question 70 

Which AWS service allows developers to deploy and manage containerized applications with Kubernetes?

A) Amazon EKS
B) Amazon ECS
C) AWS Lambda
D) Amazon Fargate

Answer:  A) Amazon EKS

Explanation:

Amazon EKS is a fully managed Kubernetes service that allows developers to deploy, manage, and scale containerized applications using the Kubernetes API. It abstracts away the complexity of provisioning, patching, and maintaining Kubernetes control planes, while providing native Kubernetes compatibility. EKS supports integration with AWS services for networking, security, and storage, making it ideal for teams that want to leverage Kubernetes without managing infrastructure manually.

Amazon ECS (Elastic Container Service) is AWS’s proprietary container orchestration platform. While it is highly integrated with AWS and simplifies container management, it does not provide native Kubernetes support. ECS uses its own scheduling and orchestration mechanisms, which may require migration efforts if a team wants to use standard Kubernetes APIs or workloads.

AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that runs code without provisioning or managing servers. While it supports some container images, it is primarily used for event-driven workloads and does not offer full container orchestration capabilities like Kubernetes. Lambda is not intended for managing multi-container applications at scale.

Amazon Fargate allows running containers in a serverless manner without managing the underlying infrastructure. However, it requires an orchestrator such as ECS or EKS to schedule and manage container tasks. Fargate simplifies infrastructure management but cannot replace Kubernetes itself.

EKS is correct because it provides fully managed Kubernetes with the scalability, security, and orchestration features needed for complex containerized applications. It allows developers to leverage the Kubernetes ecosystem without handling infrastructure maintenance, unlike ECS, Lambda, or Fargate alone.

Question 71 

Which AWS service allows developers to create a fully managed event bus for integrating multiple services?

A) Amazon EventBridge
B) Amazon SNS
C) Amazon SQS
D) AWS Lambda

Answer:  A) Amazon EventBridge

Explanation:

Amazon EventBridge is a serverless event bus that facilitates the integration of different AWS services, SaaS applications, and custom applications. It allows events to flow from multiple sources to multiple targets, enabling developers to build event-driven architectures where applications can react to changes or triggers in real time. EventBridge supports advanced features like event filtering, routing rules, and schema discovery, which allow developers to handle complex workflows without writing additional glue code. It is designed for high scalability and reliability, making it suitable for large-scale, distributed applications.

Amazon SNS, or Simple Notification Service, is a fully managed messaging service that allows applications to send notifications to multiple subscribers using a publish/subscribe model. While SNS is useful for fan-out messaging scenarios, such as sending alerts or notifications to multiple endpoints, it does not provide the same level of event integration or routing flexibility as EventBridge. SNS focuses on message delivery rather than orchestrating complex event-driven workflows, and it does not support the same filtering or transformation capabilities.

Amazon SQS, or Simple Queue Service, is a fully managed message queuing service designed for decoupling components of distributed applications. SQS ensures that messages are reliably delivered between producers and consumers, and it provides features like FIFO queues and delayed message delivery. However, SQS is a queue-based service, not a general-purpose event bus. It does not natively route events to multiple targets or perform complex filtering and transformations, which limits its suitability for event-driven integration scenarios.

AWS Lambda is a compute service that allows developers to run code in response to events. Lambda can process events from various sources, including EventBridge, S3, and DynamoDB, but it does not provide a centralized event routing platform. Lambda is focused on executing code in response to events rather than managing the flow or transformation of events across multiple services. Therefore, EventBridge is the correct choice because it provides a fully managed, scalable event bus with advanced routing, filtering, and transformation capabilities, allowing developers to build loosely coupled and maintainable event-driven architectures.

Question 72 

Which service allows developers to implement in-memory caching for improving application performance?

A) Amazon ElastiCache
B) Amazon RDS
C) Amazon DynamoDB
D) Amazon S3

Answer:  A) Amazon ElastiCache

Explanation:

Amazon ElastiCache is a fully managed in-memory caching service that supports Redis and Memcached. It enables developers to store frequently accessed data in memory, reducing latency and improving the throughput of applications. By caching repetitive queries or computationally expensive results, ElastiCache reduces the load on databases and allows applications to respond faster to user requests. Its managed nature ensures automatic patching, backups, and scaling, which simplifies operational overhead for developers.

Amazon RDS, or Relational Database Service, provides fully managed relational databases such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server. While RDS offers reliable, scalable database storage with strong data consistency, it is disk-based and not optimized for in-memory caching. RDS queries, especially those with high read frequency, can become a bottleneck if caching mechanisms are not used, which is where ElastiCache comes into play.

Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides fast, consistent performance at scale. DynamoDB can handle large volumes of data and offers features like DAX (DynamoDB Accelerator) for caching, but the core DynamoDB service itself is not an in-memory cache. Its primary purpose is durable, persistent storage rather than temporary high-speed access to frequently used data.

Amazon S3 provides highly durable object storage suitable for storing large amounts of data, backups, and static content. S3 is not designed for low-latency, in-memory access, and using it as a cache would introduce significant delays. Therefore, ElastiCache is the correct choice because it is explicitly designed to deliver high-speed, low-latency data access for improving application performance by storing hot data in memory.

Question 73 

Which AWS service allows developers to define infrastructure using declarative templates?

A) AWS CloudFormation
B) AWS CodePipeline
C) AWS CodeDeploy
D) AWS Step Functions

Answer:  A) AWS CloudFormation

Explanation:

AWS CloudFormation allows developers to define their infrastructure as code using declarative templates in JSON or YAML format. Developers can specify resources such as EC2 instances, S3 buckets, and IAM roles, along with their configurations. CloudFormation automates the creation, update, and deletion of these resources, enabling repeatable, version-controlled infrastructure deployments. This approach reduces manual configuration errors and ensures consistency across environments.

AWS CodePipeline is a continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) service that automates the building, testing, and deployment of code. While it orchestrates the deployment process, CodePipeline does not provide infrastructure management capabilities. It relies on other services like CloudFormation or Elastic Beanstalk to provision the underlying resources.

AWS CodeDeploy is a service that automates the deployment of application code to EC2 instances, on-premises servers, or Lambda functions. CodeDeploy focuses on application deployment workflows, ensuring smooth updates and rollback capabilities, but it does not create or manage the underlying infrastructure itself.

AWS Step Functions is a serverless orchestration service that allows developers to coordinate multiple AWS services into workflows. Step Functions focuses on process automation and stateful workflows rather than infrastructure provisioning. CloudFormation is the correct answer because it provides a robust mechanism to define, provision, and manage AWS infrastructure declaratively, enabling automation, repeatability, and reduced human error.

Question 74 

Which AWS service provides fully managed in-memory caching for Redis or Memcached?

A) Amazon ElastiCache
B) Amazon DynamoDB
C) Amazon RDS
D) Amazon S3

Answer:  A) Amazon ElastiCache

Explanation:

Amazon ElastiCache provides fully managed Redis or Memcached clusters, allowing developers to implement low-latency, high-throughput caching for their applications. By storing frequently accessed data in memory, ElastiCache significantly reduces database load and accelerates response times. It also offers automatic patching, scaling, and backup capabilities, reducing operational overhead for developers.

Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database that provides high performance and scalability. While it can integrate with DAX for caching, the DynamoDB service itself is a persistent storage solution rather than an in-memory cache. Its primary focus is reliable data storage and fast query performance without the specific benefits of in-memory caching.

Amazon RDS is a managed relational database service that provides durability, backups, and high availability for relational workloads. However, RDS is disk-based and not designed for in-memory caching, making it less suitable for use cases that require extremely low-latency access to frequently accessed data.

Amazon S3 is a highly durable object storage service designed for storing files, backups, and static content. It is not intended for caching purposes and cannot provide low-latency, in-memory access. Therefore, ElastiCache is the correct choice because it enables developers to offload frequent read requests from databases, reduce latency, and optimize application performance with a fully managed caching solution.

Question 75 

Which AWS service allows developers to store, retrieve, and analyze log files at scale?

A) Amazon CloudWatch Logs
B) AWS CloudTrail
C) AWS X-Ray
D) AWS Config

Answer:  A) Amazon CloudWatch Logs

Explanation:

Amazon CloudWatch Logs allows developers to collect, store, and analyze log data from applications, servers, and AWS resources. It provides scalable storage, search, and filtering capabilities, enabling detailed monitoring and troubleshooting of application performance. Developers can create metric filters, alarms, and dashboards to gain operational insights in near real-time.

AWS CloudTrail records API calls and account activity within an AWS account, providing auditing and governance capabilities. While CloudTrail logs are valuable for security and compliance, they are not designed for general-purpose application log collection or analytics. CloudTrail focuses on tracking who did what and when, rather than monitoring application health.

AWS X-Ray is a distributed tracing service that helps developers analyze and debug requests as they travel through microservices architectures. X-Ray focuses on identifying performance bottlenecks and visualizing service dependencies rather than providing scalable log storage or analysis.

AWS Config monitors and records configuration changes for AWS resources, ensuring compliance and governance. It is useful for detecting changes and evaluating resource compliance but does not provide comprehensive log storage and analytics capabilities. CloudWatch Logs is the correct choice because it offers a scalable, centralized platform for collecting, analyzing, and visualizing application and system logs, enabling developers to effectively monitor, troubleshoot, and optimize their applications.

Question 76 

Which AWS service is used to distribute API traffic securely at scale with authorization and throttling?

A) Amazon API Gateway
B) AWS Lambda
C) Amazon EC2
D) Amazon CloudFront

Answer:  A) Amazon API Gateway

Explanation:

Amazon API Gateway is a fully managed service that enables developers to create, publish, maintain, monitor, and secure APIs at any scale. It supports RESTful APIs as well as WebSocket APIs, which allows applications to handle real-time communication. One of the key features of API Gateway is its ability to enforce request throttling and authorization, ensuring that only authenticated users can access APIs and that services are protected against overload. API Gateway also integrates seamlessly with AWS Lambda, allowing serverless backends to be executed on-demand without managing servers.

AWS Lambda, in contrast, is a serverless compute service that executes code in response to events. While it is often used alongside API Gateway to process API requests, Lambda itself does not provide API management capabilities. It cannot handle request routing, throttling, or authorization natively, which are essential features for distributing API traffic securely at scale. Developers would need to pair it with additional services to replicate the functionality of API Gateway.

Amazon EC2 provides virtual servers for running applications. While EC2 can host APIs, it requires manual setup, configuration, and scaling. Developers must manage load balancing, authorization, and traffic throttling themselves, which makes it less suitable for highly scalable, secure API deployment. EC2 gives more control but increases operational overhead compared to API Gateway’s fully managed approach.

Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery network designed to accelerate the delivery of static and dynamic web content globally. It can cache API responses and improve latency but does not provide the API management features such as request throttling, authentication, or endpoint management. Therefore, while CloudFront can complement API Gateway, it cannot replace it. API Gateway is the correct choice because it combines security, scalability, and API management into a fully managed service that integrates with AWS Lambda and other AWS services seamlessly.

Question 77 

Which AWS service is designed for automated CI/CD builds?

A) AWS CodeBuild
B) AWS CodeDeploy
C) AWS CodePipeline
D) AWS CloudFormation

Answer:  A) AWS CodeBuild

Explanation:

AWS CodeBuild is a fully managed continuous integration service that compiles source code, runs tests, and produces software packages ready for deployment. CodeBuild scales automatically and removes the need to provision and manage build servers. It supports a wide range of programming languages and build tools, making it versatile for different development workflows. By integrating with CodePipeline, CodeBuild serves as the build stage of the CI/CD process, ensuring that code is continuously built and tested.

AWS CodeDeploy is focused on deployment rather than building code. It automates the process of deploying applications to EC2 instances, Lambda functions, or on-premises servers. CodeDeploy ensures consistent and repeatable deployments but does not handle compilation, testing, or artifact creation. It is complementary to CodeBuild but cannot replace it in the CI/CD pipeline for building code.

AWS CodePipeline is a service that orchestrates CI/CD workflows. It automates the steps from source code retrieval to building, testing, and deploying applications. While it manages the flow of stages, it relies on services like CodeBuild to execute the actual build process. CodePipeline does not provide a build environment itself but coordinates other services that do.

AWS CloudFormation is an infrastructure-as-code service used for provisioning and managing AWS resources. CloudFormation templates define infrastructure rather than performing application builds. While it is essential for managing environments in which applications run, it does not handle compiling or testing code. CodeBuild is the correct choice because it directly addresses automated build requirements in a CI/CD workflow, providing scalable, fully managed, and integrated build capabilities.

Question 78 

Which service allows for automatic recovery of EC2 instances in case of failure?

A) Amazon EC2 Auto Recovery
B) Amazon S3
C) AWS Lambda
D) AWS CloudFormation

Answer:  A) Amazon EC2 Auto Recovery

Explanation:

Amazon EC2 Auto Recovery provides the ability to automatically detect impaired EC2 instances and recover them without requiring user intervention. This feature monitors the health of instances at the hypervisor and operating system levels, enabling automatic restart or replacement if a failure occurs. Auto Recovery enhances system reliability and minimizes downtime, making it suitable for critical workloads where high availability is necessary.

Amazon S3 is an object storage service designed for storing and retrieving data. While S3 provides durability and availability for stored objects, it does not monitor or recover EC2 instances. Its role is unrelated to compute instance management, so it cannot fulfill the automatic recovery requirement.

AWS Lambda allows execution of code in response to events but does not monitor the health of EC2 instances. While Lambda could theoretically be triggered by CloudWatch alarms to take corrective action, it does not inherently provide automatic instance recovery. It is a compute service, not a recovery service.

AWS CloudFormation is an infrastructure provisioning tool that automates the creation and management of AWS resources. While CloudFormation can be used to recreate failed resources by redeploying templates, it does not continuously monitor or automatically recover running EC2 instances. Auto Recovery is specifically designed for maintaining instance health and ensuring operational continuity, making it the correct answer.

Question 79 

Which AWS service allows developers to monitor API calls made in their AWS account?

A) AWS CloudTrail
B) AWS CloudWatch
C) AWS X-Ray
D) AWS Config

Answer:  A) AWS CloudTrail

Explanation:

AWS CloudTrail is a fully managed service that records all API calls and account activity across an AWS account, providing detailed logs that are essential for auditing, compliance, and security monitoring. Each recorded event includes key information such as the identity of the caller, the time the request was made, the source IP address, and the specific actions performed on AWS resources. This level of detail allows organizations to gain complete visibility into who is accessing resources and what changes are being made. Developers and security teams can analyze CloudTrail logs to detect unusual or unauthorized activity, troubleshoot operational issues, and maintain compliance with internal policies and regulatory standards. By centralizing this information, CloudTrail enables a comprehensive view of activity across multiple AWS services and regions, making it a foundational tool for accountability and governance.

In comparison, AWS CloudWatch is primarily a monitoring service that collects metrics, logs, and events to provide visibility into the operational health and performance of AWS resources and applications. CloudWatch allows developers to set alarms, visualize performance data through dashboards, and respond to operational issues in real time. However, CloudWatch does not capture detailed API calls or account activity for auditing purposes. While CloudWatch is excellent for performance monitoring and alerting, it cannot replace CloudTrail when it comes to tracking who did what and when within an AWS account. The two services complement each other, with CloudTrail focusing on auditability and CloudWatch focusing on operational monitoring.

AWS X-Ray is designed to trace requests as they travel through distributed applications. It helps developers identify latency bottlenecks, diagnose performance issues, and understand the flow of requests across microservices. X-Ray provides a detailed view of application performance at the request level, but it does not capture account-level API activity or maintain auditable logs of AWS service calls. Its use case is primarily performance optimization and debugging rather than auditing or security monitoring, making it distinct from CloudTrail.

AWS Config, on the other hand, monitors changes in AWS resource configurations and ensures compliance with defined rules. Config tracks resource states over time, alerts when configurations drift from desired states, and helps enforce governance policies. While it provides valuable insights into configuration changes and compliance status, it does not log API calls or provide detailed activity tracking at the account level.

CloudTrail is the correct choice for monitoring API calls because it provides comprehensive, auditable logs of all AWS API activity across an account. It allows organizations to detect unauthorized access, maintain compliance, and understand resource usage in detail. By offering visibility into account-level operations and integrating with other AWS services for analysis and alerting, CloudTrail serves as the primary tool for securing and auditing AWS environments.

Question 80 

Which AWS service allows developers to analyze and visualize metrics and logs for performance monitoring?

A) AWS CloudWatch
B) AWS CloudTrail
C) AWS X-Ray
D) AWS Config

Answer:  A) AWS CloudWatch

Explanation:

AWS CloudWatch is a comprehensive monitoring and observability service that provides developers with a unified platform to track the performance and health of their AWS resources and applications. It collects metrics, logs, and events from a wide range of sources, including EC2 instances, RDS databases, Lambda functions, and custom application components. By aggregating this data, CloudWatch allows developers to gain detailed insights into resource utilization, application behavior, and system performance. The service offers powerful visualization tools, including dashboards that can display metrics in graphs, charts, and widgets, providing a clear picture of operational health at a glance. CloudWatch also allows setting alarms based on thresholds for specific metrics, enabling proactive identification of potential issues before they affect application availability or performance. This combination of metrics collection, visualization, and alerting makes it an essential tool for both real-time monitoring and historical analysis.

In contrast, AWS CloudTrail serves a different purpose. CloudTrail is primarily focused on auditing and compliance by recording all API calls and account activity within an AWS environment. It logs detailed information about who made the request, when it was made, what actions were performed, and which resources were affected. These logs are invaluable for security analysis, troubleshooting unauthorized access, and ensuring regulatory compliance. However, CloudTrail does not provide the type of performance metrics, operational dashboards, or real-time monitoring that CloudWatch offers. Its primary function is to track activity and maintain an audit trail rather than to observe system health or application performance.

AWS X-Ray is another complementary service but with a more specialized focus. It provides distributed tracing, which helps developers analyze the flow of requests through an application, identify latency bottlenecks, and diagnose performance issues at the service or function level. While X-Ray is excellent for understanding application behavior in complex, distributed architectures, it does not provide centralized aggregation of performance metrics across all resources or comprehensive visualization dashboards. Its use case is more targeted toward debugging and optimizing application logic rather than overall infrastructure or service monitoring.

AWS Config, on the other hand, focuses on monitoring configuration changes and compliance. It tracks resource configurations over time and ensures that resources adhere to specified rules or policies. While Config provides valuable insights into configuration drift and compliance status, it does not collect performance metrics or logs for visualizing operational health. Unlike CloudWatch, it cannot provide real-time metrics monitoring or alerts for system performance.

CloudWatch is the correct choice for developers who need to monitor, visualize, and analyze operational data comprehensively. It integrates metrics, logs, and events into a single platform, allowing for proactive performance monitoring, troubleshooting, and operational decision-making, making it the cornerstone for maintaining reliable and high-performing AWS applications.