Microsoft AZ-500 Azure Security Technologies Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 10 Q181-200

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Question 181:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are only accessible by approved users for a limited duration and that all administrative access attempts are auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access
B) Network Security Groups only
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access

Explanation:

Just-in-Time (JIT) VM Access, available in Azure Defender for Servers, provides temporary, auditable access to administrative ports like SSH for Linux and RDP for Windows. By default, management ports are closed, reducing the attack surface and limiting exposure to brute-force or unauthorized access. Users must submit requests for access, specifying source IP and duration. After the designated period, ports automatically close, ensuring controlled and temporary exposure.

Auditing is a fundamental component of JIT. Each access request logs the requesting user, port, source IP, and access duration. Integration with Azure Monitor or Azure Sentinel allows centralized auditing, compliance reporting, and forensic analysis. This ensures that all administrative access can be verified, improving operational governance and supporting regulatory compliance.

Network Security Groups provide static traffic filtering but cannot manage temporary or auditable administrative access. Azure Policy enforces configuration compliance but cannot control runtime access. Azure Key Vault secures keys and secrets but does not provide VM access management.

Implementing Azure Defender for Servers with JIT VM Access strengthens operational security, aligns with zero-trust principles, and reduces administrative overhead. Temporary access ensures that management ports are only open when necessary, mitigating potential security risks. Detailed logs provide visibility and accountability for all administrative actions, supporting incident response and compliance. By controlling access dynamically, organizations can ensure secure, auditable access to critical virtual machines while minimizing exposure to threats.

Question 182:

You need to ensure that Azure SQL Databases are encrypted at rest using keys controlled by your organization and that all encryption and decryption operations are fully auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys

Explanation:

Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) with customer-managed keys (CMK) ensures that all database files, backups, and replicas in Azure SQL Database are encrypted using keys that are fully controlled by the organization. The keys are stored in Azure Key Vault, allowing administrators to manage key creation, rotation, revocation, and auditing. This ensures governance over encryption practices and compliance with standards such as GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO 27001.

Auditing key usage is critical for accountability and compliance. Logs include the identity performing the operation, operation type, timestamp, and result. This enables organizations to detect unauthorized key usage, investigate suspicious activity, and demonstrate compliance during audits. TDE with CMK ensures encryption consistency across all database assets, providing end-to-end protection for sensitive data.

Network Security Groups can restrict traffic but do not encrypt data or provide key auditing. Azure Policy can audit encryption status but cannot enforce encryption or monitor real-time key usage. Azure Key Vault secures keys but does not automatically encrypt databases without TDE integration.

Implementing Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys strengthens data security and operational governance. Detailed logs enable monitoring, anomaly detection, and compliance reporting. Integration with Azure Security Center supports continuous monitoring and alerting, ensuring encryption policies are consistently applied. Organizations gain control over sensitive data, reduce operational risk, and maintain full auditability, improving overall security posture for Azure SQL Databases.

Question 183:

You need to detect and respond to risky sign-in activity in Azure Active Directory, including impossible travel and access from unfamiliar devices. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection continuously monitors and evaluates user sign-ins to detect suspicious behavior. This includes impossible travel, sign-ins from unfamiliar devices, and multiple failed login attempts. Each event is assigned a risk score, helping administrators prioritize response actions.

Automated risk remediation allows predefined conditional access policies to enforce security measures based on detected risk. High-risk sign-ins can require multi-factor authentication, block access, or enforce a password reset. Detailed logs capture the user identity, device, location, timestamp, and risk score. These logs provide auditable evidence for regulatory compliance, support forensic investigations, and enhance operational monitoring. Integration with Azure Sentinel enables automated correlation, alerting, and incident response workflows, reducing time to detect and respond to threats.

Network Security Groups cannot monitor authentication events or respond to identity risks. Azure Policy enforces configuration compliance but does not provide real-time detection. Azure Key Vault secures keys but does not provide identity threat detection or automated remediation.

Implementing Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation strengthens identity security, reduces account compromise risk, and supports zero-trust principles. Automated remediation minimizes administrative workload while ensuring verified users retain access. Detailed audit trails enhance visibility, accountability, and regulatory compliance. Organizations can proactively detect anomalies, enforce governance, and maintain operational control over identity access, improving overall security posture in Azure Active Directory.

Question 184:

You need to ensure that Azure Storage accounts are accessible only from trusted networks and that all access attempts are logged for auditing purposes. Which solution should you implement?

A) Storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging enabled
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging enabled

Explanation:

Azure Storage accounts provide network-level security through firewall rules and virtual network integration. Administrators can restrict access to specific subnets or IP addresses, preventing unauthorized access from public networks. This ensures that storage resources are only accessible from trusted environments, reducing the risk of data exfiltration and unauthorized modifications.

Logging is critical for auditing and compliance purposes. Logs capture all access attempts, including user identity, operation type, resource accessed, source IP, and timestamp. These logs can be exported to Log Analytics, Event Hubs, or storage accounts for centralized analysis and monitoring. Security teams can detect anomalies, investigate suspicious activity, and respond proactively to potential threats. Integration with Azure Sentinel allows automated alerting and incident response workflows.

Network Security Groups filter traffic at the subnet or VM level but cannot enforce storage account-level access or provide detailed audit logging. Azure Policy can audit configuration compliance but does not control runtime access. Azure Key Vault secures keys but does not manage access to storage accounts.

Implementing storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging ensures strong isolation of storage resources while maintaining full visibility into access attempts. This approach enforces least-privilege access, minimizes operational risk, and supports regulatory compliance. Continuous monitoring and detailed auditing enable rapid response to unauthorized access, strengthening operational governance and securing sensitive data stored in Azure Storage accounts.

Question 185:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are continuously protected against malware and ransomware, and that alerts are generated whenever threats are detected. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection

Explanation:

Azure Defender for Servers provides continuous endpoint protection for virtual machines, monitoring system processes, files, and configurations for malware, ransomware, and suspicious activity. Alerts are generated in real time for the security team to investigate and remediate threats quickly, ensuring rapid detection and response.

The solution integrates with Microsoft Antimalware for Windows and equivalent Linux solutions, providing cross-platform protection. Alerts are centralized in Azure Security Center, giving a unified view of threat activity across multiple subscriptions. Integration with SIEM tools such as Azure Sentinel enables automated correlation of security events, workflow-driven incident response, and forensic investigation, enhancing operational efficiency and overall security posture.

Network Security Groups filter network traffic but cannot detect malware or monitor VM processes. Azure Policy enforces compliance but does not provide runtime malware detection or alerting. Azure Key Vault secures keys but does not provide protection against malicious activity.

Implementing Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection ensures proactive threat detection, early alerting, and rapid response capabilities. Continuous monitoring reduces the risk of compromise, while centralized logging and alerting support operational governance and compliance. This approach enforces security best practices, maintains resilience against malware and ransomware, and provides full visibility into security events, strengthening enterprise security posture and operational control for Azure virtual machines.

Question 186:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are only accessible by authorized users for a limited time and that all administrative access attempts are auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access
B) Network Security Groups only
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access

Explanation:

Just-in-Time (JIT) VM Access is a feature of Azure Defender for Servers designed to provide controlled and temporary administrative access to virtual machines. By default, management ports such as SSH for Linux and RDP for Windows are closed, minimizing exposure to unauthorized access and brute-force attacks. When a verified user needs access, they request it by specifying the source IP and the duration. After the specified time, the ports automatically close, ensuring temporary access.

Auditing is an integral component of JIT. Each access request logs the requesting user’s identity, the port accessed, source IP, and access duration. These logs can be integrated into Azure Monitor or Azure Sentinel, providing centralized auditing, alerting, and forensic capabilities. This ensures accountability for administrative actions, supports compliance reporting, and enhances operational governance.

Network Security Groups provide static traffic filtering but do not offer temporary or auditable administrative access. Azure Policy enforces configuration compliance but cannot manage runtime access or logging. Azure Key Vault secures secrets and keys but does not control administrative access to virtual machines.

Implementing Azure Defender for Servers with JIT VM Access strengthens security by reducing the attack surface, enforcing least-privilege access, and aligning with zero-trust principles. Temporary access ensures administrative ports are open only when necessary, while detailed auditing provides visibility and accountability. Security teams can analyze logs for unusual activity, detect policy violations, and respond proactively. This approach reduces operational risk, enhances governance, and ensures secure and controlled access to critical virtual machines.

Question 187:

You need to ensure that Azure SQL Databases are encrypted at rest using keys controlled by your organization and that all encryption and decryption operations are auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys

Explanation:

Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) with customer-managed keys (CMK) provides full encryption of Azure SQL Database files, backups, and replicas using keys controlled by the organization. The keys are stored in Azure Key Vault, enabling administrators to manage the lifecycle of the keys, including creation, rotation, and revocation. This ensures full governance over encryption operations, aligns with compliance standards such as GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO 27001, and provides strong operational security.

Auditing key operations is essential to maintain accountability. Logs capture the identity performing the operation, type of operation, timestamp, and result. This enables organizations to detect unauthorized access, investigate anomalies, and demonstrate compliance during audits. TDE with CMK ensures encryption consistency across all database assets, providing end-to-end protection for sensitive data.

Network Security Groups manage network traffic but do not encrypt data or provide key auditing. Azure Policy can audit encryption configurations but cannot enforce encryption or capture real-time key usage. Azure Key Vault secures keys but does not automatically encrypt databases without TDE integration.

Implementing Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys strengthens data security and operational governance. Detailed logging enables anomaly detection, monitoring, and regulatory reporting. Integration with Azure Security Center provides continuous monitoring, alerting, and compliance management. Organizations gain full control over encryption processes, reduce operational risk, and maintain auditability, enhancing the security posture of Azure SQL Databases and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards.

Question 188:

You need to detect and respond to risky sign-in activity in Azure Active Directory, including impossible travel and access from unfamiliar devices. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection continuously monitors user sign-ins and evaluates the risk associated with each event. Suspicious activities include impossible travel between geographic locations, sign-ins from unrecognized devices, and multiple failed login attempts. Each detected risk is assigned a severity score, helping administrators prioritize responses.

Automated risk remediation allows organizations to enforce conditional access policies based on detected risk. High-risk sign-ins may require multi-factor authentication, block access, or enforce password resets. Logs provide comprehensive details, including the user identity, device, location, timestamp, and risk score. This information supports auditing, forensic investigations, and regulatory compliance. Integration with Azure Sentinel enables automated correlation, alerting, and workflow-driven incident response, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of security operations.

Network Security Groups cannot detect or respond to identity risks. Azure Policy enforces resource compliance but cannot monitor sign-ins in real time. Azure Key Vault secures keys but does not monitor identity risk or enforce automated remediation.

Implementing Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation improves identity security, reduces the likelihood of account compromise, and aligns with zero-trust principles. Automated remediation minimizes administrative effort while ensuring verified users can access resources securely. Detailed audit trails provide transparency, accountability, and support compliance. Organizations can detect anomalies proactively, enforce governance over identity access, and maintain operational control over Azure Active Directory environments, enhancing overall security posture.

Question 189:

You need to ensure that Azure Storage accounts are only accessible from trusted networks and that all access attempts are logged for auditing purposes. Which solution should you implement?

A) Storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging enabled
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging enabled

Explanation:

Azure Storage accounts provide network-level security through firewall rules and virtual network integration. Administrators can restrict access to specific subnets or IP addresses, blocking public internet access. This ensures that storage resources are only accessible from trusted networks, reducing the risk of unauthorized access, data exfiltration, or tampering.

Logging is essential for auditing and compliance. All access attempts are recorded, including user identity, operation type, resource accessed, source IP, and timestamp. Logs can be exported to Log Analytics, Event Hubs, or storage accounts for monitoring, analysis, and compliance reporting. Security teams can detect anomalies, investigate suspicious activity, and respond proactively. Integration with Azure Sentinel enables automated alerting and workflow-driven incident response.

Network Security Groups provide traffic filtering at the subnet or VM level but cannot enforce storage account-specific access control or detailed logging. Azure Policy can audit configurations but cannot enforce runtime access or logging. Azure Key Vault secures cryptographic keys but does not control access to storage accounts.

Implementing storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging ensures strong isolation of storage resources while maintaining full visibility into access attempts. This approach enforces least-privilege access, minimizes operational risk, and supports regulatory compliance. Continuous monitoring and detailed auditing enable rapid response to unauthorized access, enhancing operational governance and protecting sensitive data in Azure Storage accounts.

Question 190:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are continuously protected against malware and ransomware, and that alerts are generated whenever threats are detected. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection

Explanation:

Azure Defender for Servers provides continuous endpoint protection for virtual machines, monitoring system processes, files, and configurations for malware, ransomware, and suspicious activity. Alerts are generated in real time for the security team to investigate and remediate threats promptly, ensuring rapid detection and response before incidents escalate.

The solution integrates with Microsoft Antimalware for Windows and equivalent Linux solutions, providing cross-platform protection. Alerts are centralized in Azure Security Center, giving a unified view of threat activity across multiple subscriptions. Integration with SIEM tools such as Azure Sentinel enables automated correlation of events, workflow-driven incident response, and forensic investigation, enhancing operational efficiency and security posture.

Network Security Groups filter traffic but do not detect malware or monitor VM processes. Azure Policy enforces compliance but does not provide runtime malware detection or alerting. Azure Key Vault secures keys but does not protect virtual machines from malicious activity.

Implementing Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection ensures proactive threat detection, early alerting, and rapid response capabilities. Continuous monitoring reduces the risk of compromise, while centralized logging and alerts support operational governance and compliance. This approach enforces security best practices, maintains resilience against malware and ransomware, and provides full visibility into security events, strengthening enterprise security posture and operational control for Azure virtual machines.

Question 191:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are only accessible by approved users for a limited duration, and that all administrative access attempts are auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access
B) Network Security Groups only
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access

Explanation:

Just-in-Time (JIT) VM Access is a feature of Azure Defender for Servers designed to control temporary administrative access to virtual machines, ensuring that management ports like SSH and RDP are only open when needed. By default, administrative ports remain closed, which significantly reduces exposure to brute-force attacks and unauthorized access attempts. When a verified user requests access, they specify the source IP and duration. Once the allotted time expires, the ports automatically close, mitigating the risk of prolonged exposure.

Auditing is a central component of JIT. Every access request is logged with details such as user identity, requested port, source IP, and access duration. Logs can be integrated with Azure Monitor or Azure Sentinel to provide centralized auditing, reporting, and forensic capabilities. This ensures accountability and compliance with regulatory requirements while enabling organizations to verify all administrative access.

Network Security Groups provide static traffic filtering but cannot offer temporary or auditable access to VM management ports. Azure Policy enforces configuration compliance but does not control runtime access. Azure Key Vault secures secrets and keys but does not manage VM access.

Implementing Azure Defender for Servers with JIT VM Access enhances operational security, aligns with zero-trust principles, and reduces administrative overhead. Temporary access ensures ports are open only when needed, minimizing attack surfaces. Detailed logging enables security teams to monitor access, detect anomalies, investigate potential incidents, and maintain compliance. This approach ensures secure, auditable, and controlled administrative access to critical virtual machines, reinforcing overall operational security and resilience.

Question 192:

You need to ensure that Azure SQL Databases are encrypted at rest using keys controlled by your organization, and that all encryption operations are auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys

Explanation:

Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) with customer-managed keys (CMK) provides encryption of all Azure SQL Database files, backups, and replicas using keys controlled by the organization. The CMK are stored in Azure Key Vault, allowing administrators to manage key lifecycle operations such as creation, rotation, and revocation. This ensures complete governance over encryption processes and aligns with compliance frameworks such as GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO 27001.

Auditing key operations is critical for accountability. Logs record the identity performing the operation, type of operation, timestamp, and outcome. Organizations can detect unauthorized access, investigate anomalies, and demonstrate compliance during audits. TDE with CMK ensures consistent encryption across all database assets, providing end-to-end protection for sensitive data.

Network Security Groups filter network traffic but do not encrypt data or provide key auditing. Azure Policy can audit encryption configurations but cannot enforce encryption or track real-time key usage. Azure Key Vault secures keys but does not automatically encrypt databases without TDE integration.

Implementing Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys enhances data security, operational governance, and auditability. Detailed logging supports anomaly detection, monitoring, and regulatory reporting. Integration with Azure Security Center ensures continuous monitoring, alerting, and compliance enforcement. Organizations gain full control over sensitive data, reduce operational risk, and ensure that encryption policies are consistently applied, strengthening overall security posture for Azure SQL Databases.

Question 193:

You need to detect and respond to risky sign-in activity in Azure Active Directory, including impossible travel and sign-ins from unfamiliar devices. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection provides continuous monitoring and evaluation of user sign-ins to detect suspicious activity. Risky behavior includes impossible travel between locations, sign-ins from unfamiliar devices, and repeated failed login attempts. Each risk event is assigned a severity score, helping administrators prioritize response actions.

Automated risk remediation allows predefined conditional access policies to enforce security actions based on detected risks. High-risk sign-ins can trigger multi-factor authentication, block access, or require a password reset. Comprehensive logs capture user identity, device, location, timestamp, and risk score. These logs support auditing, forensic investigation, and regulatory compliance. Integration with Azure Sentinel enables automated correlation, alerting, and workflow-driven incident response.

Network Security Groups cannot monitor authentication events or respond to identity risks. Azure Policy enforces resource compliance but does not provide real-time detection. Azure Key Vault secures keys but does not monitor identity risk or enforce automated remediation.

Implementing Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation enhances identity security, reduces the likelihood of account compromise, and aligns with zero-trust principles. Automated remediation minimizes administrative workload while ensuring that only verified users gain access. Detailed audit trails improve visibility, accountability, and compliance. Organizations can proactively detect anomalies, enforce governance over identity access, and maintain operational control over Azure Active Directory environments, strengthening overall security posture.

Question 194:

You need to ensure that Azure Storage accounts are accessible only from trusted networks and that all access attempts are logged for auditing purposes. Which solution should you implement?

A) Storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging enabled
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging enabled

Explanation:

Azure Storage accounts provide network-level security through firewall rules and virtual network integration. Administrators can restrict access to specific subnets or IP ranges, preventing access from untrusted networks. This ensures that storage resources are only accessible from approved environments, reducing the risk of unauthorized access, data exfiltration, or modification.

Logging is critical for auditing and compliance. All access attempts are captured, including the identity of the user, operation type, resource accessed, source IP, and timestamp. Logs can be exported to Log Analytics, Event Hubs, or other storage accounts for centralized monitoring and analysis. Security teams can detect anomalies, investigate suspicious activity, and respond proactively to potential threats. Integration with Azure Sentinel allows automated alerting and workflow-driven incident response.

Network Security Groups provide traffic filtering at the subnet or VM level but cannot enforce storage account-specific access or detailed auditing. Azure Policy can audit configurations but does not enforce runtime access or logging. Azure Key Vault secures cryptographic keys but does not manage access to storage accounts.

Implementing storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging ensures strong isolation while maintaining visibility into access attempts. This approach enforces least-privilege access, minimizes operational risk, and supports compliance. Continuous monitoring and auditing enable rapid response to unauthorized access, enhancing operational governance and securing sensitive data stored in Azure Storage accounts.

Question 195:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are continuously protected against malware and ransomware, and that alerts are generated whenever threats are detected. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection

Explanation:

Azure Defender for Servers provides continuous endpoint protection for virtual machines, monitoring system processes, files, and configurations for malware, ransomware, and suspicious activity. Alerts are generated in real time for the security team to investigate and remediate threats promptly, ensuring rapid detection and response.

The solution integrates with Microsoft Antimalware for Windows and equivalent Linux solutions, providing comprehensive cross-platform protection. Alerts are centralized in Azure Security Center, providing a unified view of threat activity across subscriptions. Integration with SIEM tools such as Azure Sentinel enables automated correlation of events, workflow-driven incident response, and forensic investigation, enhancing operational efficiency and strengthening the overall security posture.

Network Security Groups filter traffic but cannot detect malware or monitor VM processes. Azure Policy enforces compliance but does not provide runtime malware detection or alerting. Azure Key Vault secures keys but does not provide protection against malicious activity.

Implementing Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection ensures proactive threat detection, early alerting, and rapid response capabilities. Continuous monitoring reduces the risk of compromise, while centralized logging supports operational governance and compliance. This approach enforces security best practices, maintains resilience against malware and ransomware, and provides full visibility into security events, strengthening enterprise security posture and operational control for Azure virtual machines.

Question 196:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are only accessible by authorized users for a limited time and that all administrative access attempts are auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access
B) Network Security Groups only
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access

Explanation:

Just-in-Time (JIT) VM Access is a feature of Azure Defender for Servers designed to provide controlled and temporary administrative access to virtual machines. By default, management ports such as RDP for Windows and SSH for Linux are closed, reducing the attack surface and exposure to unauthorized access attempts or brute-force attacks. Users request access by specifying the source IP address and duration. Once the access period ends, ports automatically close, ensuring temporary exposure.

Auditing is a core component of JIT. Each request is logged, including user identity, requested port, source IP, and access duration. Logs can be integrated with Azure Monitor or Azure Sentinel for centralized auditing, compliance reporting, and forensic analysis. This allows organizations to verify that only authorized users accessed the virtual machines and when.

Network Security Groups provide static traffic filtering but cannot manage temporary, auditable access. Azure Policy enforces configuration compliance but cannot control runtime access. Azure Key Vault secures secrets and keys but does not manage VM access.

Implementing Azure Defender for Servers with JIT VM Access enhances operational security, aligns with zero-trust principles, and reduces administrative overhead. Temporary access ensures that management ports are only open when necessary, minimizing risk. Detailed logging supports accountability and compliance. Security teams can detect anomalous behavior, investigate incidents, and verify proper access controls, strengthening operational governance and security posture.

Question 197:

You need to ensure that Azure SQL Databases are encrypted at rest using keys controlled by your organization and that all encryption and decryption operations are auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys

Explanation:

Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) with customer-managed keys (CMK) ensures end-to-end encryption of Azure SQL Databases, including database files, backups, and replicas, using keys controlled by the organization. CMKs are stored in Azure Key Vault, allowing administrators to manage the full key lifecycle, including creation, rotation, revocation, and auditing. This guarantees governance and control over encryption operations and supports compliance with frameworks such as GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO 27001.

Auditing key operations is essential. Logs capture the identity performing the operation, operation type, timestamp, and outcome. Organizations can detect unauthorized attempts, investigate suspicious activity, and demonstrate compliance during audits. TDE with CMK provides consistent encryption across all database assets, offering strong protection for sensitive data.

Network Security Groups filter network traffic but do not encrypt data or provide key usage auditing. Azure Policy can audit encryption configurations but cannot enforce encryption or monitor real-time key operations. Azure Key Vault secures keys but does not encrypt databases without TDE integration.

Implementing Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys enhances security and operational governance. Detailed logs enable anomaly detection, monitoring, and regulatory reporting. Integration with Azure Security Center ensures continuous monitoring, alerting, and compliance enforcement. Organizations gain full control over sensitive data, reduce operational risk, and maintain auditability, improving the overall security posture of Azure SQL Databases.

Question 198:

You need to detect and respond to risky sign-in activity in Azure Active Directory, including impossible travel and access from unfamiliar devices. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection provides continuous monitoring and analysis of user sign-ins to detect suspicious activity. Risky behaviors include impossible travel between locations, sign-ins from unfamiliar devices, and multiple failed login attempts. Each detected risk is assigned a severity score, allowing administrators to prioritize response actions.

Automated risk remediation allows organizations to enforce conditional access policies based on risk levels. High-risk sign-ins can trigger multi-factor authentication, block access, or require password resets. Comprehensive logs capture user identity, device, location, timestamp, and risk score. This information supports auditing, forensic investigation, and regulatory compliance. Integration with Azure Sentinel enables automated correlation, alerting, and workflow-driven incident response, improving operational efficiency and security.

Network Security Groups cannot detect or respond to identity risks. Azure Policy enforces resource compliance but does not monitor sign-ins in real time. Azure Key Vault secures keys but does not provide identity threat detection or automated remediation.

Implementing Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation strengthens identity security, reduces the likelihood of account compromise, and supports zero-trust principles. Automated remediation minimizes administrative workload while ensuring verified users retain access. Detailed audit trails provide transparency, accountability, and regulatory compliance. Organizations can proactively detect anomalies, enforce governance over identity access, and maintain operational control over Azure Active Directory, enhancing security posture.

Question 199:

You need to ensure that Azure Storage accounts are accessible only from trusted networks and that all access attempts are logged for auditing purposes. Which solution should you implement?

A) Storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging enabled
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging enabled

Explanation:

Azure Storage accounts provide network-level security through firewall rules and virtual network integration. Administrators can restrict access to specific subnets or IP ranges, blocking access from untrusted networks. This ensures storage resources are only accessible from approved environments, reducing the risk of unauthorized access, data exfiltration, or tampering.

Logging is crucial for auditing and compliance. All access attempts are recorded, including user identity, operation type, resource accessed, source IP, and timestamp. Logs can be exported to Log Analytics, Event Hubs, or storage accounts for centralized analysis and monitoring. Security teams can detect anomalies, investigate suspicious activity, and respond proactively. Integration with Azure Sentinel allows automated alerting and incident response workflows.

Network Security Groups filter traffic at the subnet or VM level but cannot enforce storage account-specific access or provide detailed auditing. Azure Policy can audit configurations but does not enforce runtime access. Azure Key Vault secures cryptographic keys but does not manage storage account access.

Implementing storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging ensures strong isolation while maintaining full visibility into access attempts. Least-privilege access is enforced, operational risk is minimized, and compliance is supported. Continuous monitoring and auditing enable rapid response to unauthorized access, enhancing operational governance and securing sensitive data stored in Azure Storage accounts.

Question 200:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are continuously protected against malware and ransomware, and that alerts are generated whenever threats are detected. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection

Explanation:

Azure Defender for Servers provides continuous endpoint protection for virtual machines, monitoring system processes, files, and configurations for malware, ransomware, and suspicious activity. Alerts are generated in real time for the security team to investigate and remediate threats promptly, ensuring rapid detection and response before incidents escalate.

The solution integrates with Microsoft Antimalware for Windows and equivalent Linux solutions, providing cross-platform protection. Alerts are centralized in Azure Security Center, offering a unified view of threat activity across subscriptions. Integration with SIEM tools such as Azure Sentinel enables automated correlation of events, workflow-driven incident response, and forensic investigation, enhancing operational efficiency and security posture.

Network Security Groups filter traffic but cannot detect malware or monitor VM processes. Azure Policy enforces compliance but does not provide runtime malware detection or alerting. Azure Key Vault secures keys but does not provide protection against malicious activity.

Implementing Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection ensures proactive threat detection, early alerting, and rapid response. Continuous monitoring reduces risk, while centralized logging supports operational governance and compliance. This approach enforces security best practices, maintains resilience against malware and ransomware, and provides full visibility into security events, strengthening enterprise security posture and operational control for Azure virtual machines.