Microsoft AZ-500 Azure Security Technologies Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 5 Q81-100

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Question 81:

You need to ensure that only authorized users can access Azure Storage blobs, and that all access attempts are logged for auditing. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure RBAC with storage logging enabled
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure RBAC with storage logging enabled

Explanation:

Azure Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) provides fine-grained access management for Azure Storage accounts. By assigning specific roles to users or groups, organizations can control who can read, write, or delete blob data. Roles such as Storage Blob Data Reader or Storage Blob Data Contributor ensure that only authorized identities perform operations on blobs, preventing unauthorized access.

Enabling storage logging records every request to the storage account, including the identity making the request, the operation performed, timestamps, and status codes. Logs can be exported to Log Analytics or a storage account for retention and auditing. This allows organizations to monitor access patterns, investigate suspicious activity, and demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter traffic at the network level but cannot enforce identity-based access control or auditing of blob access.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit storage account configurations but cannot control runtime access or track access attempts.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures encryption keys or secrets but does not manage access to blobs or provide auditing of storage operations.

By implementing Azure RBAC with storage logging enabled, organizations ensure that only authorized users can access storage blobs, while all activity is captured for monitoring, auditing, and compliance purposes. This approach strengthens security by combining identity-based access control with detailed visibility into all storage operations, enabling proactive detection and investigation of potential breaches or misuse. It also supports regulatory compliance, forensic analysis, and operational governance across the Azure environment.

Question 82:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines comply with security baseline configurations and that non-compliant VMs are automatically remediated. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Policy with remediation tasks
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Key Vault
D) Azure Monitor

Answer:

A) Azure Policy with remediation tasks

Explanation:

Azure Policy allows organizations to define and enforce security baselines for resources, including virtual machines. By applying built-in or custom security policies, administrators can ensure that VMs meet organizational security requirements such as disk encryption, endpoint protection, secure boot, and logging configuration.

When a VM is found non-compliant, Azure Policy can trigger remediation tasks, automatically applying required configurations or generating notifications for administrators to take action. This reduces manual effort, ensures consistent application of security standards, and prevents misconfigurations that could increase risk.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network traffic but cannot enforce security baseline configurations or perform remediation.

Option C, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets and keys but does not manage VM compliance.

Option D, Azure Monitor, provides logging and monitoring but does not enforce configurations or remediate non-compliant resources.

By implementing Azure Policy with remediation tasks, organizations maintain continuous compliance across their Azure environment. Automated remediation ensures that non-compliant VMs are quickly brought into alignment with security standards, reducing exposure to threats. Centralized reporting and integration with Security Center enable administrators to track compliance trends, prioritize actions, and demonstrate adherence to regulatory requirements. This approach ensures both operational efficiency and a robust security posture.

Question 83:

You need to ensure that only applications with approved identities can retrieve secrets from Azure Key Vault, and that all access is logged for auditing purposes. Which solution should you implement?

A) Key Vault access policies with Azure AD authentication
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Transparent Data Encryption

Answer:

A) Key Vault access policies with Azure AD authentication

Explanation:

Azure Key Vault provides identity-based access control for secrets, keys, and certificates. Access policies define which users, groups, or applications can perform operations such as retrieving or managing secrets. By integrating with Azure Active Directory, Key Vault ensures that only authenticated and authorized identities can access sensitive data, preventing unauthorized access or misuse.

All access requests are logged to Azure Monitor or Log Analytics, capturing details including the identity making the request, the operation performed, timestamp, and the resource accessed. These audit logs support regulatory compliance, forensic investigations, and operational security monitoring. Integration with conditional access policies can further restrict access to trusted networks, enforce multi-factor authentication, or block risky access patterns.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network traffic but cannot enforce identity-based access control or auditing for Key Vault.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit configuration but cannot control runtime access or generate detailed logs for operations.

Option D, Transparent Data Encryption, encrypts data at rest but does not manage access or provide auditing for Key Vault secrets.

By implementing Key Vault access policies with Azure AD authentication, organizations ensure that only approved applications and users can access sensitive secrets, while maintaining a complete audit trail of all access attempts. This approach provides robust security, enforces least privilege access, and supports compliance with internal policies and external regulations. Logging and monitoring allow proactive detection of unauthorized attempts, operational oversight, and secure management of cryptographic keys and secrets.

Question 84:

You need to detect suspicious sign-in activity in Azure Active Directory, including multiple failed sign-ins and unusual geographic locations, and automatically respond. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection provides risk-based monitoring and automated response for identity threats. It analyzes user sign-ins for anomalies such as multiple failed attempts, impossible travel between locations, and atypical device usage. When a risk is detected, Identity Protection assigns risk levels to the user and the sign-in event.

Automated risk remediation allows administrators to enforce actions based on the detected risk level. High-risk events can trigger conditional access policies requiring multi-factor authentication, blocking access, or forcing password resets. Alerts provide visibility into suspicious activity, enabling proactive investigation and mitigation. Integration with Conditional Access ensures dynamic enforcement, allowing secure access while minimizing disruption to legitimate users.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter traffic but cannot monitor user activity or respond to identity-based threats.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces configuration standards but does not detect or respond to anomalous sign-ins.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not monitor user activity or detect suspicious authentication events.

By implementing Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation, organizations strengthen identity security, reduce the likelihood of account compromise, and enforce a zero-trust model for access. Detailed logging and reporting support compliance, auditing, and forensic investigations, while automated responses improve operational efficiency and incident response capabilities. This approach ensures that users can only access resources securely, mitigating the risk of unauthorized access due to credential compromise.

Question 85:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are protected from unauthorized access and exposed management ports are only opened when necessary. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access
B) Network Security Groups only
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access

Explanation:

Just-in-Time (JIT) VM Access, part of Azure Defender for Servers, allows organizations to limit exposure of RDP and SSH ports to only the time when access is required. By temporarily opening ports, JIT reduces the attack surface, preventing unauthorized access and brute-force attacks.

Administrators or automation scripts request temporary access to a VM, specifying allowed IP addresses and session duration. The ports are automatically closed once the session expires, ensuring that management endpoints are not continuously exposed to the internet. Audit logs capture all JIT requests, providing traceability for compliance and forensic analysis. Integration with Azure Security Center or Sentinel enables monitoring, alerting, and centralized management of access requests.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control traffic but cannot dynamically open and close ports or enforce temporal access policies.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces resource configuration compliance but does not protect management ports or dynamically control access.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not protect VMs or exposed ports.

By implementing Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access, organizations reduce the risk of unauthorized access, protect critical workloads, and maintain operational control. Automated revocation of access, logging, and monitoring provide comprehensive security, visibility, and compliance. This approach aligns with zero-trust principles and ensures that management access is granted only to verified users for the required duration, minimizing potential security threats.

Question 86:

You need to ensure that all Azure Storage accounts encrypt data using your organization’s keys and that all key usage is auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Storage account encryption with customer-managed keys in Key Vault
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Transparent Data Encryption

Answer:

A) Storage account encryption with customer-managed keys in Key Vault

Explanation:

Azure Storage accounts support encryption at rest using either Microsoft-managed keys or customer-managed keys (CMK). By configuring CMK stored in Azure Key Vault, organizations maintain full control over the encryption keys, including creation, rotation, and revocation. This ensures that sensitive data is protected according to corporate and regulatory policies.

Using CMK allows administrators to enforce key rotation policies and audit key usage. Key Vault logs every operation on the keys, including retrieval, encryption, decryption, and rotation, providing a detailed trail for compliance and security investigations. Integration with monitoring and alerting systems enables administrators to detect unauthorized access attempts or potential key compromise.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter traffic but do not provide encryption or key management.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit the use of CMK but does not provide runtime encryption or key management.

Option D, Transparent Data Encryption, applies only to databases and does not encrypt storage account data.

Implementing storage account encryption with CMK in Key Vault ensures that organizational keys are used to protect data at rest while enabling auditing of all key usage. This strengthens security by retaining control of cryptographic material, supports regulatory compliance, and allows for timely response to potential threats. It also provides centralized visibility into encryption and key management operations, enabling security teams to maintain a secure and auditable environment.

Question 87:

You need to ensure that all virtual machines are protected from malware and ransomware, and that any detected threats generate alerts for the security team. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection

Explanation:

Azure Defender for Servers provides integrated endpoint protection for virtual machines, helping to detect and prevent malware, ransomware, and suspicious processes. This includes continuous monitoring of file systems, processes, and registry changes. Alerts are generated when threats are detected, allowing the security team to investigate and respond quickly.

The solution integrates with Microsoft Antimalware for Windows and provides equivalent protection for Linux VMs. Security alerts and recommendations are centralized in Azure Security Center, enabling consistent monitoring across subscriptions. Alerts can also be forwarded to SIEM systems like Azure Sentinel for automated investigation or remediation.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network traffic but cannot detect malware or monitor VM processes.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces compliance and configuration standards but does not provide runtime protection.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not provide malware protection or alerting.

By implementing Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection, organizations ensure that virtual machines are continuously protected against threats while enabling proactive detection and response. Centralized alerting and integration with monitoring systems support compliance, operational security, and forensic investigations. This proactive approach minimizes the risk of compromise and maintains the integrity and availability of critical workloads.

Question 88:

You need to ensure that all Azure SQL Database connections are encrypted and that login and data access are logged for auditing. Which solution should you implement?

A) Enforce TLS connections with auditing enabled
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Enforce TLS connections with auditing enabled

Explanation:

Enforcing TLS connections for Azure SQL Database ensures that all data in transit is encrypted, protecting it from interception or eavesdropping. TLS encryption is essential for securing client-server communication and meeting regulatory requirements.

Enabling auditing captures detailed logs of login attempts, successful and failed connections, database queries, and schema changes. These logs can be stored in Log Analytics, Event Hubs, or storage accounts for long-term retention and compliance purposes. Auditing allows administrators to detect anomalous activity, investigate potential security incidents, and maintain accountability for all database operations.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter traffic at the network level but cannot enforce encryption or log database access.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit whether TLS is enabled but cannot enforce runtime encryption or capture access logs.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures keys and secrets but does not provide encryption enforcement or auditing for SQL Database connections.

By implementing TLS enforcement with auditing enabled, organizations ensure confidentiality, integrity, and accountability of database connections. This approach supports regulatory compliance, mitigates the risk of data leakage, and provides a comprehensive audit trail for investigation and reporting. Continuous monitoring of login attempts and queries also helps detect unauthorized access patterns, strengthening overall database security.

Question 89:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are accessible only from authorized users and that management ports are protected from attacks. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access
B) Network Security Groups only
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access

Explanation:

Just-in-Time (JIT) VM Access allows organizations to temporarily open management ports, such as RDP and SSH, only when required. By limiting exposure, JIT reduces the attack surface and mitigates the risk of brute-force and unauthorized access attempts.

Administrators request temporary access for specific IP addresses and durations. Ports are automatically closed when the session ends, ensuring minimal exposure. Audit logs record every JIT access request, supporting compliance and forensic investigations. Integration with Azure Security Center and Sentinel allows monitoring, alerting, and centralized management of access events.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control traffic but do not dynamically open or close ports or enforce temporal access policies.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces resource compliance but cannot protect management ports or dynamically control access.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not protect virtual machines.

By implementing Azure Defender for Servers with JIT VM Access, organizations protect virtual machines from unauthorized access, reduce exposure to attacks, and maintain operational control. Automated revocation, audit logging, and centralized monitoring enhance security and compliance while adhering to zero-trust principles. This ensures that administrative access is granted only to verified users for limited periods, minimizing risk and improving operational security.

Question 90:

You need to detect anomalous sign-in activity in Azure Active Directory, such as multiple failed sign-ins and logins from unusual locations, and enforce automated remediation. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection provides risk-based detection for user sign-ins. It identifies anomalies such as multiple failed sign-ins, impossible travel between locations, and unusual device usage. Each detected risk is assigned a level, enabling organizations to prioritize remediation actions based on severity.

Automated risk remediation allows predefined responses based on risk levels. For high-risk sign-ins, actions can include requiring multi-factor authentication, blocking access, or enforcing a password reset. Alerts provide visibility into potential threats, allowing security teams to investigate and respond quickly. Integration with Conditional Access ensures dynamic enforcement of access policies based on detected risks.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter network traffic but cannot monitor or respond to identity anomalies.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces configuration compliance but cannot detect anomalous sign-ins or enforce risk-based responses.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not monitor sign-ins or enforce risk remediation.

By implementing Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation, organizations enhance identity security, reduce the risk of account compromise, and enforce zero-trust access policies. Detailed logging supports compliance audits, forensic investigations, and operational monitoring. Automated remediation improves efficiency, ensuring that potentially compromised accounts are secured without delaying legitimate access. This approach strengthens the overall security posture of the Azure environment and protects critical resources from identity-based threats.

Question 91:

You need to ensure that all Azure virtual machines are automatically monitored for vulnerabilities, and high-severity risks are reported to the security team. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with vulnerability assessment
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with vulnerability assessment

Explanation:

Azure Defender for Servers provides continuous vulnerability assessment for virtual machines. By enabling this feature, organizations can automatically scan VMs for missing patches, insecure configurations, outdated software, and known vulnerabilities. The service identifies high-severity risks and generates alerts for the security team, enabling proactive remediation.

Defender integrates with Security Center, providing a centralized view of vulnerabilities across all VMs in the subscription. Reports prioritize issues based on severity, compliance requirements, and potential impact, allowing security teams to focus on critical threats first. Vulnerability assessment also supports integration with SIEM tools like Azure Sentinel for automated workflows, alerts, and incident response.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control traffic but cannot scan VMs for vulnerabilities or generate alerts based on software risks.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit resource configurations but cannot detect runtime vulnerabilities or missing patches.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures keys and secrets but does not provide vulnerability assessment.

By implementing Azure Defender for Servers with vulnerability assessment, organizations gain comprehensive visibility into VM security posture. Continuous scanning, reporting, and integration with monitoring systems allow security teams to maintain compliance, reduce exposure to threats, and respond promptly to high-risk vulnerabilities. This proactive approach improves operational security, enhances compliance, and ensures that virtual machines are hardened against known and emerging threats.

Question 92:

You need to ensure that all Azure SQL Databases are accessed only over secure connections and that all operations are auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Enforce TLS connections with auditing enabled
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Enforce TLS connections with auditing enabled

Explanation:

Enforcing TLS connections ensures that all communication between clients and Azure SQL Databases is encrypted. TLS protects sensitive data from interception and eavesdropping during transmission. By combining TLS with auditing, organizations can track all operations, including login attempts, query executions, schema changes, and permission modifications.

Auditing captures detailed information about which users or applications accessed the database, when the access occurred, and what operations were performed. Logs can be stored in Log Analytics, Event Hubs, or storage accounts, providing long-term retention for compliance and forensic investigations. Auditing supports regulatory requirements and provides visibility for security teams to detect anomalies or unauthorized access attempts.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter network traffic but cannot enforce encryption or capture database operations.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit configurations but does not provide real-time enforcement of TLS connections or detailed logging.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures keys but does not enforce encryption or audit database operations.

By implementing TLS enforcement with auditing enabled, organizations achieve both confidentiality and accountability. This solution strengthens database security, supports regulatory compliance, and enables detailed forensic analysis. Monitoring access patterns and reviewing audit logs help identify anomalous activities and mitigate potential threats before they impact critical data.

Question 93:

You need to ensure that all administrative actions in Azure are logged and retained for auditing and compliance purposes. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Monitor activity logs with Log Analytics
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Monitor activity logs with Log Analytics

Explanation:

Azure Monitor activity logs capture all administrative operations performed on Azure resources, including resource creation, deletion, configuration changes, and role assignments. Sending these logs to Log Analytics allows organizations to retain them long-term, query them for insights, and use them for auditing purposes.

Activity logs provide detailed information about who performed the action, the time of the action, and the affected resources. This supports regulatory compliance, internal audits, and forensic investigations. Integration with Azure Sentinel or alerting systems allows organizations to detect unauthorized or anomalous activity, generate alerts, and trigger automated responses.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter network traffic but do not capture administrative operations or provide auditing.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces compliance but does not track or log administrative actions.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not provide auditing for administrative activities.

By implementing Azure Monitor activity logs with Log Analytics, organizations ensure complete visibility and accountability for administrative actions. Detailed logs enable compliance reporting, forensic investigations, and monitoring for anomalous or unauthorized operations. This approach supports operational governance, improves security posture, and ensures transparency in administrative activities across the Azure environment.

Question 94:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are protected from brute-force attacks on management ports and that only authorized users can access them temporarily. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access
B) Network Security Groups only
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access

Explanation:

Just-in-Time (JIT) VM Access allows organizations to limit exposure of RDP and SSH ports by opening them only when required. By reducing the time windows when management ports are exposed, JIT mitigates brute-force and unauthorized access attempts.

Administrators or approved users request temporary access specifying the allowed IP addresses and duration. Ports are automatically closed when the session ends, reducing the attack surface. Audit logs record all requests, supporting compliance, monitoring, and forensic investigations. Integration with Security Center or Sentinel allows centralized monitoring and alerting for all JIT access events.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter traffic but cannot dynamically open or close ports or enforce temporary access policies.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces configuration compliance but does not protect management ports or control access dynamically.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not manage VM access.

By implementing Azure Defender for Servers with JIT VM Access, organizations ensure that virtual machines are accessible only to verified users and only for the required duration. Automated port closure, auditing, and centralized monitoring reduce exposure to attacks, strengthen operational security, and align with zero-trust principles, ensuring secure management access to critical VMs.

Question 95:

You need to ensure that all Azure virtual machines comply with security baseline configurations, and that non-compliant VMs are automatically remediated. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Policy with remediation tasks
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Key Vault
D) Azure Monitor

Answer:

A) Azure Policy with remediation tasks

Explanation:

Azure Policy enables organizations to define and enforce security baseline configurations for resources, including virtual machines. Policies can specify required settings such as disk encryption, endpoint protection, secure boot, and logging configurations. When VMs are non-compliant, remediation tasks can automatically apply the required configuration or generate alerts for administrators.

This automated approach ensures consistent security across all virtual machines, reduces the risk of misconfigurations, and maintains compliance with regulatory or organizational standards. Centralized reporting in Azure Policy and Security Center provides visibility into compliance status, trends, and remediation actions.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control traffic but cannot enforce baseline configurations or perform automated remediation.

Option C, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets and keys but does not enforce VM security standards.

Option D, Azure Monitor, provides logging and monitoring but does not enforce configuration or remediate non-compliant VMs.

By implementing Azure Policy with remediation tasks, organizations maintain continuous compliance for virtual machines, ensuring that non-compliant resources are automatically corrected. This approach reduces operational overhead, enhances security, and enables administrators to focus on proactive threat management rather than manual configuration checks. Integration with monitoring and reporting tools provides detailed insights into compliance posture, supporting audits and regulatory requirements.

Question 96:

You need to ensure that all Azure Storage accounts are accessible only from specific virtual networks and that all access attempts are logged. Which solution should you implement?

A) Storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging enabled
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging enabled

Explanation:

Azure Storage accounts provide network-level access control to restrict which networks or IP addresses can access the storage account. By configuring the firewall to allow only specific virtual networks and enabling logging, organizations can ensure secure access and maintain detailed audit trails of all requests.

Virtual network integration enables private endpoints, which route storage traffic through the Azure backbone, ensuring it does not traverse public internet paths. This minimizes the risk of data exposure or interception. Logging captures detailed information about each access attempt, including identity, IP address, operation type, timestamp, and success or failure. Logs can be exported to Log Analytics, Event Hubs, or storage accounts for monitoring, alerting, and compliance auditing.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter traffic at the subnet or VM level but cannot enforce storage account-level restrictions or provide audit logging.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit compliance with network restrictions but does not enforce runtime access control or capture logs of operations.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures cryptographic keys and secrets but does not manage storage account network access or logging.

By implementing storage account firewall with virtual network integration and logging, organizations ensure that only trusted networks can access storage resources while capturing detailed activity logs for auditing and compliance. This approach enhances security by limiting exposure to potential threats, provides transparency into access patterns, and supports regulatory and organizational requirements for data protection and operational governance.

Question 97:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are protected from unauthorized access and that any exposed management ports are accessible only temporarily. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access
B) Network Security Groups only
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access

Explanation:

Just-in-Time (JIT) VM Access is a feature of Azure Defender for Servers that limits exposure of RDP and SSH ports by opening them only when explicitly requested. This approach reduces the attack surface and mitigates brute-force and unauthorized access attempts.

When an administrator or authorized user requests access, they specify the IP addresses and duration for which access is permitted. Once the session expires, ports are automatically closed, preventing continuous exposure. All requests are logged for auditing and compliance purposes. Integration with Azure Security Center and Sentinel allows centralized monitoring, alerting, and reporting of JIT access events.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter traffic but cannot dynamically control access or enforce temporary port availability.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces configuration standards but does not protect VMs or manage dynamic access.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not provide VM access controls.

By implementing Azure Defender for Servers with JIT VM Access, organizations protect virtual machines from unauthorized access while maintaining operational efficiency. Automated closure of ports, audit logging, and integration with monitoring systems strengthen security, compliance, and operational governance. This zero-trust approach ensures that administrative access is granted only to verified users for the required duration, reducing exposure to threats.

Question 98:

You need to detect and respond to suspicious sign-in activity in Azure Active Directory, such as multiple failed attempts and logins from unusual locations. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection provides risk-based monitoring of user sign-ins, detecting anomalies such as multiple failed attempts, impossible travel, and unusual device activity. Each risk is evaluated and assigned a severity level, enabling organizations to prioritize responses based on the potential impact.

Automated risk remediation allows administrators to enforce conditional access policies based on detected risks. For example, high-risk sign-ins can trigger multi-factor authentication requirements, block access, or enforce password resets. Alerts provide visibility into suspicious activity, and integration with monitoring systems allows proactive detection and response.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network traffic but do not monitor user behavior or detect identity anomalies.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces configuration compliance but cannot detect or respond to anomalous sign-ins.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not monitor sign-ins or enforce remediation.

By implementing Azure AD Identity Protection with automated risk remediation, organizations strengthen identity security and enforce a zero-trust approach to access. Detailed logging enables compliance audits and forensic investigations, while automated responses reduce operational overhead and minimize the risk of account compromise. This solution enhances overall security posture and protects critical resources from identity-based threats.

Question 99:

You need to ensure that Azure SQL Databases are encrypted at rest using keys managed by your organization, and that all key usage is auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys

Explanation:

Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) provides encryption at rest for Azure SQL Databases, protecting data from unauthorized access. By configuring TDE with customer-managed keys (CMK), stored in Azure Key Vault, organizations retain control over cryptographic keys, including creation, rotation, and revocation.

Key usage is fully auditable through Key Vault logs, which capture all operations, including encryption, decryption, and key access. This audit trail supports compliance, regulatory reporting, and forensic investigations. Administrators can enforce rotation policies, detect unauthorized access attempts, and maintain operational control over the keys. TDE with CMK ensures that backups, snapshots, and database replicas are also encrypted using the managed keys.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter traffic but do not provide encryption or key management.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit the use of CMK but does not perform runtime encryption or manage keys.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures keys and secrets but does not directly encrypt database data.

By implementing Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys, organizations ensure that database data is encrypted under their control while maintaining full auditing capabilities. This approach enhances security, supports regulatory compliance, and provides centralized visibility into key usage, protecting critical data and strengthening operational governance.

Question 100:

You need to ensure that all Azure virtual machines comply with organizational security baselines, and that non-compliant VMs are automatically corrected. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Policy with remediation tasks
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Key Vault
D) Azure Monitor

Answer:

A) Azure Policy with remediation tasks

Explanation:

Azure Policy allows organizations to define security baselines for virtual machines, specifying required configurations such as disk encryption, endpoint protection, secure boot, and logging settings. Policies can be applied to subscriptions, resource groups, or individual resources to enforce compliance consistently.

Remediation tasks can automatically correct non-compliant VMs by applying required configurations or generating alerts for administrative action. This reduces manual effort, ensures uniform security standards, and minimizes exposure to vulnerabilities. Centralized reporting provides visibility into compliance trends, remediation effectiveness, and overall security posture.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control traffic but cannot enforce baseline configurations or remediate non-compliance.

Option C, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not enforce VM security settings.

Option D, Azure Monitor, provides logging and monitoring but does not enforce configuration compliance or remediate non-compliant resources.

By implementing Azure Policy with remediation tasks, organizations maintain continuous compliance for virtual machines, automatically correcting deviations from security baselines. This approach enhances operational efficiency, improves security posture, and supports regulatory and internal audit requirements. Integration with monitoring and reporting ensures visibility, accountability, and proactive management of non-compliant resources.