Microsoft SC-200 Microsoft Security Operations Analyst Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 6 Q101-120

Visit here for our full Microsoft SC-200 exam dumps and practice test questions.

Question 101:

Your organization wants to enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) only when users access Microsoft 365 apps from untrusted networks, while allowing seamless access from corporate-managed devices. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Conditional Access
B) Microsoft Information Protection
C) Microsoft Cloud App Security
D) Security Defaults

Answer: A) – Azure AD Conditional Access

Explanation:

Azure AD Conditional Access enables organizations to implement context-aware, adaptive authentication policies. In this scenario, the objective is to enforce MFA selectively based on network location and device compliance.

Administrators can create a Conditional Access policy targeting Microsoft 365 apps, define conditions such as location (trusted corporate network vs. external network) and device state (compliant vs. non-compliant), and apply controls like “require MFA”. Users signing in from unmanaged or external networks are prompted for MFA, while corporate-managed, compliant devices experience seamless access.

Conditional Access also integrates with Azure AD Identity Protection to add risk-based enforcement, such as requiring MFA for sign-ins flagged as risky. Audit logs provide visibility into sign-ins, MFA enforcement, and compliance reporting.

Other solutions are less granular. Security Defaults enforce MFA universally for all users and sign-ins without distinction. Microsoft Information Protection protects content but does not control authentication. MCAS monitors sessions but cannot enforce MFA at sign-in.

In practice, Conditional Access in Azure AD provides organizations with adaptive, context-aware security by evaluating multiple risk signals at the time of each sign-in. These signals include user identity, device compliance, network location, application sensitivity, and detected risk levels from Azure AD Identity Protection. By continuously assessing the context of a login, Conditional Access can enforce security measures such as multi-factor authentication, session restrictions, or device compliance requirements only when needed. This approach ensures that high-risk sign-ins are mitigated effectively while trusted users and devices experience minimal disruption, maintaining productivity and workflow efficiency.

Conditional Access allows administrators to create granular policies that differentiate between internal employees, external collaborators, and privileged accounts. For example, users signing in from managed corporate devices at known locations can access resources seamlessly, whereas logins from unfamiliar locations, unmanaged devices, or high-risk IP addresses can trigger MFA challenges, temporary blocks, or additional verification steps. This adaptive security model protects sensitive resources without applying rigid controls that would unnecessarily impede legitimate work. By enforcing controls dynamically, Conditional Access reduces the attack surface while preserving a frictionless experience for low-risk users.

The solution also integrates with other Microsoft 365 security tools, such as Identity Protection and Microsoft Defender, providing a layered approach to risk management. Administrators gain visibility into risky sign-ins, policy impacts, and user behavior, enabling rapid response to anomalies and proactive threat mitigation. Conditional Access policies can also be combined with device compliance policies, location-based controls, and application sensitivity labels to enforce a comprehensive security framework tailored to organizational needs.

By leveraging Conditional Access, organizations can protect sensitive resources against external threats such as credential theft, phishing, or unauthorized access, while minimizing unnecessary challenges for legitimate users. This balance between security and usability ensures that employees, contractors, and external collaborators can perform their work efficiently without compromising data protection. In essence, Conditional Access enables adaptive, risk-based security that safeguards critical information, supports regulatory compliance, and maintains operational productivity across modern hybrid and cloud environments.

Question 102:

Your organization wants to prevent sensitive documents containing financial data from being downloaded on unmanaged devices while allowing access from corporate devices. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access App Control
B) Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) – Conditional Access App Control

Explanation:

Conditional Access App Control, part of Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS), allows real-time monitoring and enforcement of actions within cloud applications. In this scenario, the organization wants to prevent sensitive documents from being downloaded on unmanaged devices while allowing downloads on compliant, corporate-managed devices.

Administrators define session policies that detect the session context, such as device compliance, location, and risk level. For example, if a user attempts to download a financial report from SharePoint on an unmanaged laptop, the system can block the download while allowing it from a compliant corporate device.

MCAS also uses behavioral analytics and anomaly detection to identify unusual activities, like bulk downloads or off-hours access, and trigger automated responses, including alerts and access restrictions. Detailed audit logs enable compliance reporting and incident investigation.

Other solutions do not provide session-level enforcement. Azure AD Conditional Access controls access at sign-in but cannot block specific actions during an active session. Microsoft Information Protection labels and protects content, but cannot dynamically prevent downloads. Defender for Endpoint secures devices but does not enforce cloud app activity.

In practice, Conditional Access App Control ensures sensitive content remains protected, prevents data exfiltration, and maintains productivity for authorized users on trusted devices.

Question 103:

Your organization wants to detect compromised accounts and enforce adaptive authentication, such as MFA or blocking sign-ins. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection
B) Microsoft Cloud App Security
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Answer: A) – Azure AD Identity Protection

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection provides risk-based detection and automated mitigation for compromised accounts. It uses machine learning, threat intelligence, and behavioral analytics to identify risky sign-ins, including sign-ins from unusual locations, impossible travel, or leaked credentials.

Administrators can configure sign-in risk policies to require MFA or block access for high-risk sign-ins. User risk policies can trigger password resets or enforce additional verification. Integration with Conditional Access enables adaptive enforcement, ensuring legitimate users experience minimal disruption while unauthorized access is blocked.

For example, if a user attempts to sign in from a foreign country while their typical location is in the U.S., Identity Protection may require MFA or block access entirely. Detailed audit logs track risky events, policy enforcement, and remediation actions, supporting compliance and incident response.

Other solutions do not provide automated risk-based enforcement. MCAS monitors user activity but cannot enforce MFA for risky sign-ins. Microsoft Information Protection classifies and protects content, but does not manage account risk. Defender for Office 365 protects against email threats but cannot remediate compromised accounts.

In practice, Azure AD Identity Protection continuously monitors user sign-ins and account activity to detect and respond to potential identity risks in real time. By leveraging Microsoft’s threat intelligence, machine learning, and behavioral analytics, Identity Protection identifies suspicious activities such as atypical sign-ins, impossible travel scenarios, unfamiliar devices, or leaked credentials. Once a risk is detected, administrators can take automated actions, including requiring multi-factor authentication, enforcing password resets, or temporarily blocking access until verification occurs. This proactive approach reduces the likelihood of account compromise, ensuring that user identities remain secure.

Identity Protection also integrates seamlessly with Conditional Access policies, enabling adaptive authentication. Low-risk sign-ins from trusted devices or familiar locations may proceed without interruption, while high-risk attempts trigger additional verification or access restrictions. This adaptive model balances security with usability, preventing legitimate users from being unnecessarily blocked while ensuring that risky behavior is immediately mitigated. Policies can be tailored to specific groups, roles, or applications, allowing organizations to enforce stricter controls for privileged accounts or sensitive resources while providing smoother access for routine operations.

Beyond real-time detection and mitigation, Identity Protection provides detailed reporting and auditing capabilities. Administrators can review trends in risky sign-ins, monitor remediated accounts, and evaluate the effectiveness of risk-based policies. These insights support compliance with regulatory frameworks such as GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO standards, enabling organizations to demonstrate accountability in identity management. Alerts can also be integrated with Microsoft Sentinel or other SIEM systems to centralize monitoring and streamline incident response.

By continuously assessing risk, enforcing adaptive policies, and enabling automated remediation, Identity Protection enhances the overall security posture of an organization. It safeguards critical resources, reduces exposure to account takeovers, and maintains user productivity by allowing legitimate users to access resources with minimal friction. This proactive, intelligence-driven approach ensures that identity risks are addressed promptly, strengthening both operational efficiency and organizational resilience in modern cloud and hybrid environments.

Question 104:

Your organization wants to automatically classify emails containing personally identifiable information (PII) and prevent external sharing. Which solution should you implement?

A) Microsoft Information Protection
B) Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Cloud App Security
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) – Microsoft Information Protection

Explanation:

Microsoft Information Protection (MIP) enables organizations to automatically detect, classify, and protect sensitive content, including PII such as social security numbers, credit card numbers, and health data. Administrators can define predefined sensitive information types or create custom detection rules for emails, attachments, and documents.

Once sensitive data is detected, MIP applies sensitivity labels that enforce encryption, restrict access, and prevent external sharing. For example, if an employee attempts to email a spreadsheet containing PII to an external recipient, MIP can automatically block sending and encrypt the content for internal access only.

Automation ensures consistent enforcement across Microsoft 365 apps, reducing reliance on user intervention and minimizing accidental data leaks. Audit logs provide visibility into access, sharing, and policy enforcement, supporting regulatory compliance with GDPR, HIPAA, and internal security policies.

Other solutions do not provide content-specific protection. Conditional Access controls access but cannot detect PII. MCAS monitors activity but does not automatically prevent content from leaving the organization. Defender for Office 365 protects endpoints but does not classify or enforce content policies.

In practice, MIP ensures robust protection of sensitive data, reducing accidental leaks, supporting compliance, and maintaining internal workflows for authorized users.

Question 105:

Your organization wants to detect abnormal user activity in Microsoft 365, such as mass downloads or unusual sharing behavior, and respond in real time. Which solution should you implement?

A) Microsoft Cloud App Security
B) Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) – Microsoft Cloud App Security

Explanation:

Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS) provides behavioral analytics and anomaly detection for Microsoft 365 and other cloud apps. It establishes baseline activity profiles for users and detects deviations, such as mass downloads, unusual sharing, or sign-ins from unfamiliar devices.

Administrators can define real-time response policies to block downloads, restrict sharing, alert security teams, or quarantine files. For example, if a user downloads hundreds of sensitive documents outside normal business hours, MCAS can block further downloads and notify administrators immediately.

Session policies integrated with Conditional Access App Control allow enforcement based on context, including device type, location, or user risk. Detailed audit logs support compliance reporting, insider threat investigations, and incident response.

Other solutions do not provide session-level anomaly detection. Conditional Access enforces sign-in controls but does not monitor ongoing activity. MIP labels content but does not detect behavioral anomalies. Defender for Endpoint secures devices but does not monitor cloud app activity.

In practice, MCAS enables proactive detection and mitigation of insider threats, protecting sensitive content while allowing legitimate workflows for trusted users and devices.

Question 106:

Your organization wants to enforce MFA for users accessing Microsoft 365 apps from high-risk locations but allow seamless access from trusted corporate networks. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Conditional Access
B) Microsoft Information Protection
C) Microsoft Cloud App Security
D) Security Defaults

Answer: A) – Azure AD Conditional Access

Explanation:

Azure AD Conditional Access enables adaptive, context-aware authentication policies. In this scenario, the organization wants to enforce MFA based on location risk, ensuring that users accessing Microsoft 365 apps from high-risk locations are challenged for additional authentication, while users on trusted corporate networks can sign in seamlessly.

Administrators can create a Conditional Access policy targeting specific users or groups and define conditions such as geographic location, device compliance, and sign-in risk. The policy can enforce MFA for sign-ins from untrusted or risky locations while bypassing MFA for trusted networks and devices.

Conditional Access also integrates with Azure AD Identity Protection, allowing enforcement based on real-time risk detection, including leaked credentials, suspicious IP addresses, and unusual sign-in patterns. Detailed audit logs provide insight into enforcement, helping with compliance and incident investigations.

Other solutions do not provide this level of adaptive authentication. Security Defaults enforce MFA universally without location-based flexibility. Microsoft Information Protection protects content but does not manage authentication. MCAS monitors activity but cannot enforce MFA at sign-in.

In practice, Conditional Access ensures risk-based MFA enforcement, strengthening security for high-risk sign-ins while maintaining productivity for trusted users.

Question 107:

Your organization wants to prevent sensitive financial documents from being shared externally while allowing internal access. Which solution should you implement?

A) Microsoft Information Protection
B) Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Cloud App Security
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) – Microsoft Information Protection

Explanation:

Microsoft Information Protection (MIP) enables organizations to classify, label, and protect sensitive content automatically. For financial data, predefined sensitive information types or custom policies can detect documents containing bank account numbers, credit card information, or other financial identifiers.

Once detected, MIP applies sensitivity labels to enforce encryption, restrict external sharing, and ensure internal access for authorized users. For example, if a finance employee attempts to share a spreadsheet containing financial data externally, MIP prevents the action and logs the event.

Automation ensures consistent enforcement across Microsoft 365 apps, reducing reliance on user behavior and minimizing accidental data leaks. Audit logs provide visibility into access, sharing attempts, and policy enforcement, supporting compliance with regulations such as PCI DSS or internal financial policies.

Other solutions are less effective for content-based enforcement. Conditional Access manages access but cannot detect or protect document content. MCAS monitors activity but does not prevent content sharing based on sensitivity labels. Defender for Endpoint protects devices but does not manage content-level sharing.

In practice, MIP ensures robust protection of sensitive financial documents, preventing accidental or malicious data leaks while maintaining internal access for authorized personnel.

Question 108:

Your organization wants to detect compromised accounts and enforce risk-based authentication to prevent unauthorized access. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection
B) Microsoft Cloud App Security
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Answer: A) – Azure AD Identity Protection

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection provides automated detection and response for compromised accounts. It leverages machine learning, threat intelligence, and behavioral analytics to assign risk scores to sign-ins and user accounts based on anomalies like impossible travel, unfamiliar locations, and leaked credentials.

Administrators can configure sign-in risk policies to require MFA or block access for high-risk sign-ins, and user risk policies to enforce password resets or additional verification for compromised accounts. Integration with Conditional Access allows adaptive authentication, ensuring legitimate users are minimally impacted while malicious access attempts are blocked.

For example, if a user attempts to sign in from an unusual country, Identity Protection can trigger MFA or deny access until the user validates their identity. Detailed logs track risk events, policy enforcement, and remediation actions, supporting compliance and security investigations.

Other solutions do not provide automated risk-based enforcement. MCAS monitors user behavior but cannot enforce authentication. MIP protects content but does not manage account risk. Defender for Office 365 protects endpoints but cannot remediate compromised accounts.

In practice, Identity Protection ensures continuous monitoring and proactive mitigation of account compromise, reducing security risks while preserving usability for authorized users.

Question 109:

Your organization wants to prevent sensitive documents containing PII from being downloaded on unmanaged devices while allowing downloads from corporate devices. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access App Control
B) Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) – Conditional Access App Control

Explanation:

Conditional Access App Control, a feature of Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS), allows organizations to monitor and enforce actions in real time within cloud applications. It enables blocking downloads or restricting actions based on device compliance, session context, and risk.

In this scenario, administrators can create session policies to detect whether a device is unmanaged and enforce “block download” for sensitive documents containing PII. Conversely, downloads from corporate-compliant devices are allowed seamlessly. This protects sensitive data from exfiltration while maintaining productivity.

MCAS uses behavioral analytics and anomaly detection to detect suspicious activities, such as bulk downloads or off-hours access, and trigger automated responses like alerts or session termination. Detailed audit logs provide visibility for compliance reporting and incident investigation.

Other solutions do not provide real-time session-level enforcement. Azure AD Conditional Access controls access at sign-in but cannot block specific actions during an active session. MIP labels and protects content, but does not dynamically prevent downloads. Defender for Endpoint secures devices but does not enforce cloud app activity.

In practice, Conditional Access App Control ensures sensitive content remains protected in real time, preventing data leaks while allowing legitimate workflows on trusted devices.

Question 110:

Your organization wants to detect anomalous activity in Microsoft 365, such as mass downloads or unusual sharing, and respond in real time. Which solution should you implement?

A) Microsoft Cloud App Security
B) Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) – Microsoft Cloud App Security

Explanation:

Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS) provides behavioral analytics and anomaly detection for Microsoft 365 and other cloud applications. It monitors user activity and establishes baseline behavior patterns, detecting deviations such as mass downloads, excessive sharing, or sign-ins from unfamiliar devices.

Administrators can define real-time response policies, including blocking downloads, restricting sharing, alerting security teams, or quarantining files. For instance, if a user downloads hundreds of sensitive documents outside of normal hours, MCAS can block additional downloads and notify administrators for investigation.

Session policies integrated with Conditional Access App Control allow enforcement based on context, including device type, location, and user risk. Audit logs support compliance reporting, insider threat investigations, and incident response.

Other solutions do not provide session-level anomaly detection. Conditional Access enforces sign-in policies but cannot monitor activity during sessions. MIP labels content but does not detect behavioral anomalies. Defender for Endpoint secures devices but does not monitor cloud app activity.

In practice, MCAS ensures proactive detection and mitigation of insider threats, protecting sensitive content while allowing legitimate workflows for trusted users and devices.

Question 111:

Your organization wants to enforce MFA for users accessing Microsoft 365 apps only when they sign in from external networks. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Conditional Access
B) Security Defaults
C) Microsoft Cloud App Security
D) Microsoft Information Protection

Answer: A) – Azure AD Conditional Access

Explanation:

Azure AD Conditional Access enables adaptive access policies based on user, location, device state, or risk. In this scenario, the goal is to enforce MFA selectively, challenging users only when they access Microsoft 365 apps from external or untrusted networks, while allowing seamless access from trusted corporate networks or devices.

Administrators can create Conditional Access policies targeting specific users or groups, select Microsoft 365 apps, and apply conditions such as location. The control “require MFA” ensures that users signing in from outside the corporate network must complete multi-factor authentication. Internal corporate devices or trusted IP ranges are exempted to maintain productivity.

Integration with Azure AD Identity Protection allows enforcement based on real-time risk detection, such as suspicious sign-ins, leaked credentials, or impossible travel. Audit logs provide insight into MFA enforcement, failed or risky sign-ins, and policy compliance.

Other solutions are less granular. Security Defaults enforce MFA for all users without location-specific flexibility. MCAS monitors sessions but cannot enforce MFA at sign-in. Microsoft Information Protection classifies content but does not control authentication.

In practice, Conditional Access ensures adaptive, risk-based authentication, protecting sensitive resources while minimizing friction for trusted users and devices.

Question 112:

Your organization wants to prevent sensitive documents from being downloaded on unmanaged devices while allowing access from compliant devices. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access App Control
B) Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) – Conditional Access App Control

Explanation:

Conditional Access App Control, part of Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS), enables real-time monitoring and enforcement of actions within cloud apps. Administrators can block downloads, restrict sharing, or apply access controls based on device compliance, location, or session risk.

In this scenario, session policies can detect whether a device is unmanaged and prevent the download of sensitive documents while allowing downloads from corporate-compliant devices. Behavioral analytics help detect unusual activities, such as bulk downloads or off-hours access, and trigger automated responses like alerts or session termination.

Integration with Conditional Access ensures access policies align with session-level controls, creating end-to-end adaptive enforcement. Audit logs provide visibility into attempts to access or download sensitive content, supporting compliance reporting and investigations.

Other solutions do not provide this level of control. Azure AD Conditional Access enforces access at sign-in but cannot control actions during a session. MIP labels content but does not dynamically block downloads. Defender for Endpoint secures devices but cannot enforce cloud activity controls.

In practice, Conditional Access App Control ensures sensitive content remains secure, preventing data exfiltration while maintaining productivity for authorized users on trusted devices.

Question 113:

Your organization wants to classify emails containing personally identifiable information (PII) and prevent external sharing. Which solution should you implement?

A) Microsoft Information Protection
B) Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Cloud App Security
D) Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Answer: A) – Microsoft Information Protection

Explanation:

Microsoft Information Protection (MIP) enables automated classification and protection of sensitive content such as PII, including social security numbers, health data, or financial information. Policies can detect sensitive data in emails, attachments, and documents using predefined sensitive information types or custom rules.

When PII is detected, sensitivity labels enforce encryption, restrict access, and prevent external sharing. For example, an employee attempting to email a spreadsheet containing PII to an external recipient will have the email blocked and encrypted automatically for internal users.

Automation ensures consistent enforcement across Microsoft 365 apps, minimizing accidental data leaks and reducing reliance on user actions. Audit logs provide insight into access, sharing, and policy enforcement, supporting compliance with GDPR, HIPAA, or internal security standards.

Other solutions do not provide content-specific enforcement. Conditional Access manages access but cannot detect sensitive content. MCAS monitors activity but does not prevent content from leaving the organization. Defender for Office 365 protects endpoints but does not classify or enforce content policies.

In practice, MIP ensures robust protection of sensitive information, reducing the risk of accidental leaks and maintaining internal workflows for authorized users.

Question 114:

Your organization wants to detect compromised accounts and enforce risk-based authentication, such as MFA or blocking access. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection
B) Microsoft Cloud App Security
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Answer: A) – Azure AD Identity Protection

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection provides automated risk detection and adaptive authentication for compromised accounts. It analyzes user sign-ins and assigns risk scores based on anomalies such as impossible travel, unfamiliar locations, or leaked credentials.

Administrators can configure sign-in risk policies to require MFA or block access for high-risk sign-ins, and user risk policies to enforce password resets or additional verification for compromised accounts. Integration with Conditional Access ensures adaptive enforcement, allowing legitimate users to proceed while blocking malicious attempts.

For example, if a user signs in from a foreign country, Identity Protection can enforce MFA or deny access until identity verification is complete. Detailed logs provide visibility into detected risks, enforcement actions, and remediation, supporting compliance and incident investigations.

Other solutions do not provide automated risk-based enforcement. MCAS monitors activity but cannot enforce MFA for risky sign-ins. MIP protects content but does not manage account risk. Defender for Office 365 secures endpoints but cannot remediate compromised accounts.

In practice, Identity Protection ensures continuous monitoring and proactive mitigation, reducing the risk of account compromise while maintaining usability for legitimate users.

Question 115:

Your organization wants to detect abnormal user activity, such as mass downloads or unusual sharing in Microsoft 365, and respond in real time. Which solution should you implement?

A) Microsoft Cloud App Security
B) Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) – Microsoft Cloud App Security

Explanation:

Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS) provides behavioral analytics and anomaly detection across Microsoft 365 and other cloud applications. It establishes baseline user activity and detects deviations such as mass downloads, unusual sharing, or sign-ins from unfamiliar devices.

Administrators can define real-time policies to block downloads, restrict sharing, alert security teams, or quarantine files. For instance, if a user downloads hundreds of sensitive files outside business hours, MCAS can block further activity and notify administrators immediately.

Integration with Conditional Access App Control enables session-level enforcement based on context, such as device type, location, or user risk. Audit logs provide visibility for compliance reporting, insider threat investigations, and incident response.

Other solutions do not provide session-level anomaly detection. Conditional Access enforces sign-in policies but cannot monitor ongoing activity. MIP labels content but does not detect behavioral anomalies. Defender for Endpoint secures devices but does not monitor cloud activity.

In practice, MCAS enables proactive detection and mitigation of insider threats, safeguarding sensitive content while allowing legitimate workflows on trusted devices.

Question 116:

Your organization wants to enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for users signing in from outside the corporate network, while allowing seamless access from trusted corporate devices. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Conditional Access
B) Security Defaults
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Cloud App Security

Answer: A) – Azure AD Conditional Access

Explanation:

Azure AD Conditional Access is a powerful tool that allows organizations to implement adaptive, context-based access controls across Microsoft 365 and other cloud applications. In this scenario, the organization’s goal is to require MFA only when users sign in from untrusted or external networks, while providing seamless access to trusted corporate devices to maintain productivity.

Conditional Access enables administrators to create granular policies by defining users or groups that the policy applies to, specifying target applications, and setting conditions such as device compliance, location, or sign-in risk. For instance, a Conditional Access policy can be configured to trigger MFA only for users signing in from outside the corporate IP ranges, or on devices that are not enrolled and compliant with corporate standards. This approach ensures that authentication requirements are dynamic and risk-aware, rather than static, which enhances security without unnecessarily impacting user experience.

Integration with Azure AD Identity Protection allows Conditional Access to incorporate real-time risk signals, including leaked credentials, sign-ins from unfamiliar geographic locations, or impossible travel scenarios. This ensures that high-risk sign-ins are automatically challenged or blocked, reducing the likelihood of account compromise. Furthermore, administrators can combine multiple conditions within a single policy—for example, requiring MFA for external users accessing sensitive applications, while allowing internal users on compliant devices to bypass MFA.

Conditional Access also supports policy monitoring and reporting, providing detailed logs of user sign-ins, access attempts, MFA prompts, and policy enforcement results. These logs are critical for compliance audits, security investigations, and proactive risk management. Administrators can review sign-in reports to identify anomalies, adjust policies, or investigate potential security incidents.

Other available solutions are less suitable for this scenario. Security Defaults enforce MFA across all users and sign-ins without flexibility for location or device conditions, which can disrupt productivity. Microsoft Information Protection focuses on labeling and protecting sensitive contenttbut does not enforce authentication policies. Microsoft Cloud App Security monitors and controls session activity but cannot enforce MFA at sign-in.

In practice, implementing Conditional Access with MFA based on network location ensures that users are protected from external threats while trusted corporate devices experience frictionless access. For example, a user accessing Teams from home or a public Wi-Fi network will be challenged for MFA, whereas the same user on a managed corporate laptop in the office will sign in seamlessly. This adaptive security approach balances protection with productivity, reduces the risk of credential theft or account compromise, and ensures that security measures are intelligent, context-aware, and enforceable at scale.

Question 117:

Your organization wants to prevent sensitive financial documents from being downloaded on unmanaged devices, while allowing access from corporate-compliant devices. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access App Control
B) Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) – Conditional Access App Control

Explanation:

Conditional Access App Control, a feature of Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS), allows organizations to implement real-time monitoring and enforcement policies for cloud application sessions. Unlike Conditional Access, which governs access at the sign-in stage, Conditional Access App Control manages activity during active sessions, providing fine-grained control over sensitive actions like downloads, sharing, and copy/paste operations.

In this scenario, the organization aims to prevent sensitive financial documents from being downloaded on unmanaged devices, while still allowing legitimate users on compliant, corporate-managed devices to download and interact with the same files. Session policies within MCAS achieve this by assessing device state, location, risk level, and user identity in real time. If a user attempts a prohibited action from an unmanaged device, the session policy can immediately block the action, alert administrators, or log the attempt for auditing purposes.

Behavioral analytics within MCAS can further enhance security by detecting anomalous activity, such as bulk downloads, unusual sharing patterns, or off-hours access. Automated responses—ranging from session termination to activity restrictions—ensure that sensitive content is protected even when users act maliciously or a compromise occurs. Session-level enforcement provides a layered security approach, complementing device compliance policies enforced by Azure AD Conditional Access and protecting sensitive content beyond initial sign-in.

MCAS also generates detailed audit logs and reports, documenting all actions, blocked attempts, and policy enforcement. These logs are critical for regulatory compliance, forensic investigations, and ongoing risk assessments. Organizations can use the data to refine session policies, optimize controls, and detect potential insider threats before data loss occurs.

Other solutions lack this level of real-time enforcement. Azure AD Conditional Access can block access to applications, but does not prevent actions during an active session. Microsoft Information Protection labels and encrypts content, but cannot dynamically enforce session-level restrictions. Defender for Endpoint secures devices but does not monitor cloud app activities.

In practice, Conditional Access App Control ensures that sensitive financial data remains protected in cloud environments, reducing the risk of data exfiltration, insider threats, and accidental leaks, while allowing employees to work productively on trusted devices. This combination of real-time enforcement, session monitoring, and behavioral analytics makes it a powerful tool for modern cloud security.

Question 118:

Your organization wants to detect compromised user accounts and enforce risk-based authentication, such as MFA or blocking access. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection
B) Microsoft Cloud App Security
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Answer: A) – Azure AD Identity Protection

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection is designed to detect, assess, and remediate risks associated with compromised accounts. It continuously analyzes user sign-ins using machine learning, threat intelligence, and behavioral analytics to assign a risk score to each sign-in and user account. Risk factors include impossible travel, unfamiliar locations, leaked credentials, atypical sign-in patterns, and anomalous device use.

Administrators can configure sign-in risk policies, which enforce additional authentication (such as MFA) or block access for high-risk sign-ins. User risk policies can trigger password resets or require identity verification when an account is deemed compromised. Integration with Azure AD Conditional Access enables adaptive enforcement, ensuring that legitimate users experience minimal friction while malicious access attempts are blocked.

For example, a user attempting to sign in from an unexpected country may be required to complete MFA or have access blocked until identity verification occurs. This proactive risk mitigation reduces the likelihood of unauthorized access and potential data breaches. Identity Protection also provides detailed audit logs, tracking all risk events, enforcement actions, and remediations, which are critical for regulatory compliance, forensic investigations, and security audits.

Other solutions cannot fully enforce risk-based authentication. MCAS monitors activity and detects anomalies, but does not enforce sign-in remediation. Microsoft Information Protection protects content but does not manage account risk. Defender for Office 365 secures endpoints and email, but cannot remediate compromised accounts.

In practice, Azure AD Identity Protection provides continuous monitoring, automated risk assessment, and adaptive enforcement, allowing organizations to detect compromised accounts early and prevent unauthorized access while maintaining usability for legitimate users. This strengthens overall security posture and helps prevent account takeover, insider threats, and compliance violations.

Question 119:

Your organization wants to classify emails containing sensitive personal information and prevent external sharing while maintaining internal access. Which solution should you implement?

A) Microsoft Information Protection
B) Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Cloud App Security
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) – Microsoft Information Protection

Explanation:

Microsoft Information Protection (MIP) allows organizations to classify, label, and protect sensitive content automatically. In this scenario, emails containing personally identifiable information (PII)—such as social security numbers, financial data, or health information—must be protected from accidental or unauthorized external sharing while remaining accessible internally.

Administrators define sensitive information types or custom rules that detect PII in emails, attachments, and documents. Once detected, MIP applies sensitivity labels that enforce encryption, restrict external sharing, and ensure only authorized internal recipients can access the content. For example, if an employee attempts to email a spreadsheet containing PII to an external partner, MIP can automatically block the email and encrypt it for internal viewing.

Automation ensures consistent enforcement across Microsoft 365 apps, reducing reliance on user awareness and minimizing accidental data leaks. Audit logs provide detailed insights into classification, sharing attempts, and policy enforcement, which are critical for compliance with GDPR, HIPAA, or internal security standards. MIP also supports policy-based overrides when authorized workflows require exceptions, allowing operational flexibility without compromising security.

Other solutions do not offer content-specific protection. Conditional Access controls access but does not classify sensitive content. MCAS monitors activity but cannot prevent content from leaving the organization based on content type. Defender for Office 365 protects endpoints and email from threats but does not enforce content-specific policies.

In practice, MIP ensures robust protection of sensitive personal information, reducing accidental leaks, maintaining regulatory compliance, and enabling employees to continue internal collaboration without friction.

Question 120:

Your organization wants to detect anomalous activity in Microsoft 365, such as mass downloads or unusual sharing, and respond in real time. Which solution should you implement?

A) Microsoft Cloud App Security
B) Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) – Microsoft Cloud App Security

Explanation:

Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS) provides behavioral analytics and anomaly detection across Microsoft 365 and other cloud applications. By establishing baseline user activity, MCAS detects deviations from normal behavior, such as mass downloads, unusual sharing, access from unfamiliar devices, or off-hours activity.

Administrators can define real-time policies that enforce immediate responses to suspicious activity, including blocking downloads, restricting sharing, alerting security teams, or quarantining files. Integration with Conditional Access App Control enables session-level enforcement, allowing policies to adapt based on device compliance, user risk, or location.

For example, if a user attempts to download hundreds of sensitive documents outside of standard business hours, MCAS can immediately block further downloads and notify administrators. This proactive approach mitigates insider threats, compromised accounts, and potential data exfiltration. Audit logs provide detailed reporting for compliance, investigations, and risk assessments, allowing organizations to refine policies and maintain ongoing security.

Other solutions lack session-level enforcement. Conditional Access enforces access at sign-in but cannot monitor or block actions during active sessions. MIP labels content but cannot detect behavioral anomalies. Defender for Endpoint secures devices but does not provide detailed cloud activity monitoring.

In practice, MCAS enables organizations to proactively detect and respond to anomalous activity, safeguarding sensitive data, reducing insider threats, and maintaining operational efficiency. It ensures that cloud content remains secure while legitimate users can continue workflows on trusted devices.