Microsoft SC-401 Administering Information Security in Microsoft 365 Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 3 Q41-60

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Question 41

Your organization wants to implement continuous monitoring of Azure AD sign-ins for suspicious activities, such as impossible travel or unfamiliar locations. Which solution should you deploy?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection
B) Microsoft Sentinel
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Azure Firewall

Answer: A) Azure AD Identity Protection

Explanation: 

Identity Protection analyzes sign-ins using machine learning to detect risky behavior, such as impossible travel or unfamiliar locations. It can automatically trigger actions like MFA or account blocking to mitigate risks.

Question 42

You are designing a multi-cloud security architecture. The company wants centralized log aggregation, advanced threat detection, and automated response for Azure, AWS, and on-premises systems. Which solution is most appropriate?

A) Microsoft Sentinel
B) Azure Security Center
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Azure Firewall

Answer: A) Microsoft Sentinel

Explanation: 

Sentinel collects logs from multiple sources, applies advanced analytics to detect threats, and supports automation through playbooks. It is ideal for multi-cloud monitoring and response.

Question 43

A company wants to reduce the attack surface by ensuring that users only have access to the resources they need, based on business roles. Which principle should guide the access design?

A) Least Privilege
B) Defense in Depth
C) Zero Trust Network Access
D) Separation of Duties

Answer: A) Least Privilege

Explanation: 

Least privilege ensures that users and services only have the minimum necessary access to perform their roles, reducing the attack surface and limiting potential damage from compromised accounts.

Question 44

Your organization needs to ensure that all sensitive emails containing personal data are automatically encrypted and cannot be forwarded outside the company. Which solution enables this?

A) Microsoft Information Protection + Sensitivity Labels
B) Azure Key Vault
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Azure Firewall

Answer: A) Microsoft Information Protection + Sensitivity Labels

Explanation: 

Sensitivity labels can enforce encryption and restrict forwarding on emails and documents, ensuring sensitive personal data is protected according to policy.

Question 45

A company wants to ensure that only compliant and healthy devices can access corporate applications. Which combination of tools provides this control?

A) Microsoft Intune + Azure AD Conditional Access
B) Azure Firewall + Azure Key Vault
C) Microsoft Sentinel + Microsoft Purview
D) Azure Policy + Microsoft Defender for Cloud

Answer: A) Microsoft Intune + Azure AD Conditional Access

Explanation:

Intune enforces device compliance and health policies, while Conditional Access ensures access is granted only to compliant devices, supporting Zero Trust device verification.

Question 46

Your organization wants to protect cloud workloads from misconfigurations and vulnerabilities. Which solution continuously assesses security posture and provides recommendations?

A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Purview
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud

Explanation: 

Defender for Cloud evaluates security configurations, identifies vulnerabilities, and provides actionable recommendations, ensuring workloads meet best practice security standards.

Question 47

A company wants to secure API keys, secrets, and certificates used by applications while allowing automated rotation. Which solution provides this functionality?

A)Azure Firewall
B) Microsoft Intune
C) Azure Key Vault
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Answer: C) Azure Key Vault

Explanation: 

Key Vault securely stores credentials and supports automated rotation and access control, preventing hard-coded secrets and reducing risk from leaked credentials.

Question 48

You are designing a Zero Trust identity strategy. Which feature allows just-in-time activation of privileged roles with approval and MFA enforcement?

A) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

Explanation: 

PIM enables just-in-time privileged access, approval workflows, and MFA enforcement for admin accounts, reducing exposure and aligning with Zero Trust principles.

Question 49

A company wants to detect insider threats and abnormal user behavior across on-premises AD and Azure AD.) Which solution is most suitable?

A) Microsoft Defender for Identity
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Information Protection

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Identity

Explanation:

Defender for Identity analyzes user and entity activity to detect suspicious behaviors like lateral movement, privilege escalation, and potential insider threats.

Question 50

Your organization wants automated investigation and response for security alerts generated across Microsoft 365 workloads. Which solution provides orchestration and playbook automation?

A) Microsoft Sentinel
B) Azure Policy
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer: A) Microsoft Sentinel

Explanation: 

Sentinel allows orchestration of incident response using automated playbooks, reducing response times and improving efficiency in security operations.

Question 51

A company wants to ensure that critical data in SharePoint, Teams, and OneDrive is classified and protected using encryption and access controls. Which solution should be implemented?

A) Microsoft Information Protection
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Information Protection

Explanation: 

Information Protection applies sensitivity labels to classify and encrypt documents and emails, controlling access and preventing unauthorized sharing across Microsoft 365 workloads.

Microsoft Information Protection (MIP) is a comprehensive solution designed to help organizations classify, label, and protect sensitive information across cloud and on-premises environments. The correct answer is option A: Microsoft Information Protection. MIP ensures that sensitive data is properly identified, appropriately protected, and monitored for compliance with regulatory standards. Understanding why MIP is the correct choice requires examining each of the four options in detail.

A) Microsoft Information Protection
This is the correct answer. Microsoft Information Protection enables organizations to classify data based on its sensitivity and apply protection policies that can include encryption, access restrictions, and content marking. For example, sensitive documents can be automatically labeled as “Confidential” and encrypted so that only authorized users can access them. MIP integrates seamlessly with Microsoft 365 applications, cloud services, and on-premises systems, providing consistent protection across all platforms. Additionally, MIP supports auditing and reporting, allowing organizations to track access, monitor sharing, and ensure regulatory compliance with standards such as GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO 27001. By classifying and protecting sensitive information, MIP reduces the risk of data breaches, supports secure collaboration, and ensures that critical business information remains secure.

B) Azure Firewall
Azure Firewall is a stateful, cloud-native firewall that protects Azure resources by filtering inbound and outbound network traffic based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols. While Azure Firewall is critical for network security, it does not provide classification, labeling, or content-level protection for sensitive data. Its primary function is to secure the network perimeter rather than safeguard individual files or data.

C) Microsoft Sentinel
Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) platform. Sentinel collects security logs, applies analytics, and provides automated responses to detect threats and manage security incidents. While Sentinel is essential for monitoring security events, it does not classify or protect sensitive information. Its focus is on threat detection and incident response, not content-level data protection.

D) Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Intune, part of Microsoft Endpoint Manager, is a device and application management solution that enforces compliance policies, deploys applications, and secures endpoints. While Intune ensures that devices accessing organizational resources are secure, it does not directly protect or classify sensitive information within documents, emails, or other data. Its primary purpose is endpoint security and management rather than data protection.

In conclusion, Microsoft Information Protection is the correct choice because it provides comprehensive capabilities for classifying, labeling, and protecting sensitive data. Azure Firewall focuses on network security, Microsoft Sentinel focuses on threat detection and incident response, and Microsoft Intune manages endpoints and compliance. While these tools are important for overall security, only Microsoft Information Protection directly addresses the need to secure sensitive information and enforce data protection policies.

By implementing MIP, organizations can ensure that critical data is only accessible to authorized users, prevent accidental or malicious exposure, and maintain compliance with regulatory requirements. Its integration with Microsoft 365 and other enterprise systems enables consistent policy enforcement and auditing across platforms, making Microsoft Information Protection the most effective solution for safeguarding sensitive information in modern organizations.

Question 52

You are designing a secure architecture for hybrid workloads. The company wants to segment networks to prevent lateral movement by attackers. Which combination provides this capability?

A) Azure Firewall + Network Security Groups (NSGs)
B) Microsoft Intune + Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Purview + Defender for Identity
D) Microsoft Sentinel + Azure Monitor

Answer: A) Azure Firewall + Network Security Groups (NSGs)

Explanation: 

NSGs provide subnet and VM-level rules, while Azure Firewall enforces centralized network policies, enabling micro-segmentation and reducing lateral movement risks. Azure Firewall, combined with Network Security Groups (NSGs), provides a robust, layered approach to network security in Azure environments. The correct answer is option A: Azure Firewall + Network Security Groups. Together, these tools allow organizations to control, filter, and monitor inbound and outbound network traffic, providing both centralized and granular security controls. Understanding why this combination is the correct choice requires examining each of the four options in detail.

A) Azure Firewall + Network Security Groups (NSGs)
This is the correct answer. Azure Firewall is a cloud-native, fully stateful firewall service that protects Azure resources by filtering network traffic based on IP addresses, ports, protocols, and application-level rules. It also integrates threat intelligence to block known malicious IP addresses and domains. NSGs complement Azure Firewall by providing more granular, resource-level traffic filtering at the subnet or network interface level. NSGs allow administrators to define rules that permit or deny traffic based on source/destination IP addresses, ports, and protocols. By combining Azure Firewall’s centralized policy enforcement and NSGs’ granular control, organizations achieve a layered defense strategy. This approach reduces the attack surface, limits unauthorized access, and enforces security best practices across both network boundaries and internal segments. The combination ensures both perimeter protection and internal segmentation, which is critical for preventing lateral movement by attackers within the network.

B) Microsoft Intune + Azure AD Conditional Access
Microsoft Intune is a device and application management platform, and Azure AD Conditional Access enforces identity- and context-based access policies. While this combination is highly effective for securing endpoints and controlling access based on device compliance and user risk, it primarily addresses identity and device security rather than network traffic management. It does not provide firewall-level filtering, centralized traffic control, or segmentation capabilities, which are essential for protecting network infrastructure in Azure.

C) Microsoft Purview + Defender for Identity
Microsoft Purview is a data governance and compliance platform, and Defender for Identity monitors Active Directory for suspicious activities. Together, they provide visibility into sensitive data and detect identity-related threats. While these tools are valuable for protecting data and monitoring accounts, they do not offer network-level security or traffic filtering capabilities. They focus on compliance, data governance, and identity monitoring, rather than securing network traffic or controlling access at the subnet or application level.

D) Microsoft Sentinel + Azure Monitor
Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native SIEM and SOAR platform, and Azure Monitor collects telemetry from Azure resources. While this combination provides advanced monitoring, threat detection, and incident response capabilities, it does not actively enforce network traffic rules or segmentation. Sentinel and Azure Monitor are reactive tools for detecting anomalies and responding to incidents, rather than proactive solutions for controlling and securing network flows like Azure Firewall and NSGs.

In conclusion, Azure Firewall combined with Network Security Groups is the correct choice because it provides both centralized and granular network protection. Azure Firewall offers perimeter defense with advanced threat intelligence, while NSGs enforce fine-grained traffic control at the subnet or NIC level. Together, they create a layered security model that mitigates external and internal threats, enforces segmentation, and reduces the attack surface.

In contrast, Microsoft Intune + Conditional Access secures endpoints and user access but does not manage network traffic, Microsoft Purview + Defender for Identity focuses on data governance and identity threats, and Microsoft Sentinel + Azure Monitor provides monitoring and detection without enforcing network policies.

Implementing Azure Firewall with NSGs enables organizations to proactively control access, filter traffic, and secure cloud resources. This combination is essential for enforcing network security best practices, protecting workloads from external threats, and preventing lateral movement within the environment, making it the most effective solution for Azure network security.

Question 53

Your organization wants to protect endpoints against malware and ransomware while enabling automatic remediation. Which solution provides these capabilities?

A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
B) Azure Key Vault
C) Microsoft Purview
D) Azure Firewall

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Explanation: 

Defender for Endpoint detects, investigates, and responds to threats automatically, including malware containment, ransomware protection, and device isolation. Microsoft Defender for Endpoint is an enterprise endpoint security platform designed to help organizations prevent, detect, investigate, and respond to advanced threats targeting devices and endpoints. The correct answer is option A: Microsoft Defender for Endpoint. It provides comprehensive protection for desktops, laptops, servers, and mobile devices, combining behavioral analytics, threat intelligence, and automated response capabilities. Understanding why this solution is correct requires analyzing each of the four options in detail.

Question 54

A company wants to ensure regulatory compliance by monitoring data usage, retention, and access activity in Microsoft 365. Which solution is best suited?

A) Microsoft Purview
B) Microsoft Sentinel
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Azure Firewall

Answer: A) Microsoft Purview

Explanation: 

Purview provides auditing, retention management, and compliance reporting across Microsoft 365, ensuring adherence to regulatory and organizational policies. Microsoft Purview is a comprehensive data governance and compliance platform designed to help organizations discover, classify, manage, and protect data across on-premises, multi-cloud, and SaaS environments. The correct answer is option A: Microsoft Purview. Purview enables organizations to maintain visibility and control over sensitive and regulated data, helping to meet compliance requirements and reduce data-related risks. Understanding why Purview is the correct choice requires analyzing each of the four options in detail.

A) Microsoft Purview
This is the correct answer. Microsoft Purview allows organizations to discover and catalog data assets across diverse environments, providing a unified view of where sensitive information resides. Using automated classification and labeling capabilities, Purview identifies sensitive data such as personally identifiable information (PII), financial records, intellectual property, or regulatory information. Once data is classified, Purview helps enforce policies for access control, data retention, and data sharing, ensuring that sensitive information is properly protected and used in accordance with organizational policies and regulatory requirements such as GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO 27001. Purview also offers detailed auditing, reporting, and compliance dashboards that allow organizations to monitor data usage, detect policy violations, and maintain accountability. By providing centralized visibility, governance, and protection, Microsoft Purview reduces the risk of data breaches, enforces compliance, and supports secure collaboration across an organization.

B) Microsoft Sentinel
Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) solution. Sentinel collects security logs, analyzes threat intelligence, and automates responses to detected incidents. While Sentinel is highly effective for monitoring security events and responding to threats, it does not provide data discovery, classification, governance, or policy enforcement. Its primary focus is threat detection and incident response rather than data governance and compliance.

C) Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Intune, as part of Microsoft Endpoint Manager, is a device and application management solution that enforces compliance policies, deploys applications, and manages endpoints. Intune ensures that devices meet security standards and organizational compliance, but it does not classify or protect data directly. Intune’s focus is on device and endpoint security, not on managing or governing sensitive organizational data.

D) Azure Firewall
Azure Firewall is a cloud-native, stateful firewall that controls inbound and outbound network traffic by filtering based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols. While it is important for network security, Azure Firewall does not provide data classification, governance, or compliance management. Its primary role is to secure the network perimeter rather than manage or protect sensitive data content.

In conclusion, Microsoft Purview is the correct choice because it directly addresses the challenges of data governance, compliance, and protection. It provides automated discovery, classification, labeling, access control, and auditing of sensitive information across an organization’s environments. Microsoft Sentinel focuses on threat detection, Microsoft Intune manages endpoints and device compliance, and Azure Firewall provides network security. While these tools are critical for overall enterprise security, only Microsoft Purview enables comprehensive visibility, control, and governance over organizational data.

By implementing Microsoft Purview, organizations can ensure that sensitive and regulated information is properly classified, access is appropriately controlled, compliance requirements are met, and auditability is maintained. This makes Microsoft Purview the most effective solution for modern data governance and compliance management, providing both security and regulatory confidence across cloud and on-premises environments.

Question 55

Your organization wants to implement adaptive access policies that enforce MFA and block high-risk sign-ins dynamically. Which combination achieves this?

A) Azure AD Conditional Access + Identity Protection
B) Azure Firewall + NSGs
C) Microsoft Sentinel + Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview + Defender for Identity

Answer: A) Azure AD Conditional Access + Identity Protection

Explanation: 

Conditional Access enforces access policies, while Identity Protection assesses sign-in and user risk to trigger MFA or block high-risk access. Azure AD Conditional Access, combined with Azure AD Identity Protection, provides a powerful solution for managing and securing access to enterprise resources. The correct answer is option A: Azure AD Conditional Access + Identity Protection. This combination ensures that access to applications and data is granted only under secure conditions, helps detect risky sign-ins, and protects against compromised accounts. Understanding why this is the correct choice requires examining each of the four options in detail.

A) Azure AD Conditional Access + Identity Protection
This is the correct answer. Azure AD Conditional Access is a policy-driven approach to access control that allows organizations to enforce rules based on user, device, location, application, or risk level. For example, an organization can require multi-factor authentication (MFA) for users signing in from outside the corporate network, or block access from untrusted devices. Identity Protection complements Conditional Access by providing risk-based assessments of user accounts and sign-in events. It uses machine learning and behavioral analytics to detect suspicious activities, such as atypical login locations, anonymous IP addresses, or leaked credentials, and assigns a risk level to each event. When integrated with Conditional Access policies, these risk signals can automatically trigger additional verification, restrict access, or require password resets, thereby minimizing the risk of unauthorized access. Together, these tools enforce zero-trust principles by ensuring that access is granted only when identity and context meet defined security requirements, protecting sensitive data and applications from compromise.

B) Azure Firewall + NSGs
Azure Firewall is a stateful, cloud-native firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic in Azure, while Network Security Groups (NSGs) filter traffic at the subnet or NIC level. This combination is effective for network security, controlling which systems can communicate with each other and with the internet. However, while Azure Firewall and NSGs protect network boundaries, they do not manage user identities, assess sign-in risk, or enforce access policies. They do not provide the risk-based, identity-centric controls that Conditional Access and Identity Protection offer.

C) Microsoft Sentinel + Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Sentinel is a SIEM and SOAR solution for detecting, investigating, and responding to security incidents, and Microsoft Intune is a device management solution for enforcing endpoint compliance. While both tools are essential for security monitoring, incident response, and endpoint management, they do not provide risk-based access control or real-time identity protection. Sentinel focuses on threat detection, and Intune focuses on endpoint compliance, so neither addresses conditional access policies or identity risk assessment directly.

D) Microsoft Purview + Defender for Identity
Microsoft Purview is a data governance platform for classifying and protecting sensitive data, and Defender for Identity monitors Active Directory for suspicious activities. While these solutions are valuable—Purview for compliance and Defender for Identity for monitoring directory attacks—they do not enforce access policies or provide risk-based sign-in controls. They enhance visibility but do not implement the proactive access management offered by Conditional Access and Identity Protection.

In conclusion, Azure AD Conditional Access combined with Identity Protection is the correct choice because it provides a proactive, risk-based approach to securing access to organizational resources. Conditional Access enforces policies based on context, while Identity Protection identifies risky sign-ins and compromised accounts. In contrast, Azure Firewall + NSGs focus on network security, Microsoft Sentinel + Intune focus on monitoring and endpoint management, and Microsoft Purview + Defender for Identity focus on data governance and directory monitoring. Only Conditional Access and Identity Protection provide the integrated identity-centric controls required to enforce zero-trust access policies and protect against account compromise.

By deploying Azure AD Conditional Access with Identity Protection, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access, enforce compliance, protect sensitive applications and data, and strengthen their overall security posture. This makes option A the most effective solution for identity and access management in modern enterprise environments.

Question 56

You are designing a cloud security posture management strategy. Which solution continuously evaluates cloud workloads and provides security recommendations?

A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud

Explanation:

Defender for Cloud continuously monitors resources for misconfigurations and vulnerabilities, providing guidance and automated remediation to maintain secure cloud operations. Microsoft Defender for Cloud, formerly known as Azure Security Center, is a cloud-native security solution that provides comprehensive visibility, threat detection, and security management for workloads running in Azure, hybrid, and multi-cloud environments. The correct answer is option A: Microsoft Defender for Cloud. This platform helps organizations identify vulnerabilities, strengthen security posture, monitor compliance, and respond to threats, making it essential for modern cloud security. Understanding why Defender for Cloud is the correct choice requires analyzing each of the four options in detail.

A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud
This is the correct answer. Microsoft Defender for Cloud provides continuous security assessments and recommendations for cloud workloads, helping organizations adhere to security best practices. It monitors virtual machines, databases, containers, applications, and other cloud resources, identifying misconfigurations, vulnerabilities, and deviations from compliance standards. Defender for Cloud also offers advanced threat protection using behavioral analytics and integrates with Microsoft Sentinel for incident investigation and automated response. Additionally, it provides compliance management dashboards to help organizations align with frameworks like ISO 27001, NIST, and GDPR. By centralizing workload monitoring and risk mitigation, Defender for Cloud enables organizations to proactively secure their cloud infrastructure, reduce exposure to threats, and maintain regulatory compliance.

B) Azure Firewall
Azure Firewall is a stateful, cloud-native firewall designed to protect network resources by filtering inbound and outbound traffic based on IP addresses, ports, protocols, and application rules. While Azure Firewall is critical for network security, it does not monitor the security posture of workloads, detect vulnerabilities in applications or virtual machines, or provide compliance reporting. Its scope is limited to controlling network traffic rather than providing comprehensive cloud security management.

C) Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Intune, part of Microsoft Endpoint Manager, is a cloud-based solution for device and application management. Intune helps organizations enforce device compliance, deploy applications, and secure endpoints. While Intune is crucial for endpoint security, it does not offer workload monitoring, threat detection, or vulnerability assessments for cloud resources. Its focus is endpoint management rather than proactive cloud security and compliance.

D) Microsoft Purview
Microsoft Purview is a data governance and compliance platform that helps organizations discover, classify, and manage sensitive data across on-premises and cloud environments. While Purview is essential for data classification and regulatory compliance, it does not provide threat detection, security posture management, or vulnerability assessment for cloud workloads. Purview focuses on data governance rather than the operational security of workloads and infrastructure.

In conclusion, Microsoft Defender for Cloud is the correct choice because it provides comprehensive protection for cloud workloads, including vulnerability assessments, threat detection, security recommendations, and compliance monitoring. Azure Firewall protects network traffic, Microsoft Intune secures endpoints, and Microsoft Purview governs data, but none of these solutions provides the holistic, workload-centric security management offered by Defender for Cloud.

By implementing Microsoft Defender for Cloud, organizations gain centralized visibility into their cloud environment, can proactively detect and mitigate security risks, and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. Its integration with other Microsoft security tools, such as Microsoft Sentinel, enhances incident response and threat investigation capabilities, making Defender for Cloud the most effective solution for securing modern cloud infrastructures.

Question 57

A company wants to discover all cloud apps used by employees, assess their risk, and enforce policies for unsanctioned apps. Which solution provides these capabilities?

A) Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS)
B) Microsoft Sentinel
C) Azure Key Vault
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS)

Explanation: 

MCAS identifies shadow IT, assigns risk scores to cloud apps, and integrates with Conditional Access to enforce policies for unsanctioned apps. Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS) is a cloud access security broker (CASB) that provides organizations with comprehensive visibility, control, and protection over the use of cloud applications and services. The correct answer is option A: Microsoft Cloud App Security. MCAS helps organizations secure cloud environments by detecting risky user behavior, preventing data leaks, and enforcing security policies across both sanctioned and unsanctioned applications. Understanding why MCAS is the correct choice requires analyzing each of the four options in detail.

A) Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS)
This is the correct answer. MCAS allows organizations to gain visibility into cloud application usage, including shadow IT, where employees may be using unsanctioned apps that could pose security risks. It monitors user activity in real time and uses machine learning and behavioral analytics to detect unusual or potentially harmful actions, such as large downloads, suspicious logins, or unauthorized sharing of sensitive data. MCAS integrates with Microsoft Information Protection to enforce data classification and labeling policies, ensuring that sensitive information is protected even when it is shared externally. It also supports conditional access, real-time session controls, and automated workflows to respond to security incidents. By combining discovery, monitoring, and enforcement, MCAS enables organizations to maintain compliance, reduce insider risks, and prevent data breaches in cloud environments.

B) Microsoft Sentinel
Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) solution. Sentinel aggregates logs and telemetry from multiple sources, analyzes security events, and helps security teams detect and respond to threats. While Sentinel is valuable for incident detection and response, it does not provide granular control over cloud applications, user activity monitoring, or real-time data protection in SaaS applications. Its focus is on threat detection and security operations, not cloud access security.

C) Azure Key Vault
Azure Key Vault is a service for securely storing and managing cryptographic keys, secrets, and certificates. Key Vault ensures that encryption keys and sensitive credentials are protected and accessible only to authorized applications. While Key Vault is critical for data security and encryption, it does not monitor user activity, control cloud application access, or detect risky behavior within cloud services. Its function is key and secret management rather than cloud app security.

D) Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Intune, part of Microsoft Endpoint Manager, provides device and application management capabilities, including policy enforcement, software deployment, and endpoint security. While Intune helps secure endpoints and ensure compliance, it does not provide visibility into cloud application usage, detect shadow IT, or enforce real-time security controls for SaaS applications. Its focus is on endpoint management rather than cloud application monitoring and control.

In conclusion, Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS) is the correct choice because it specifically addresses the security challenges associated with cloud applications. It provides discovery of unsanctioned apps, monitors user behavior, detects anomalies, enforces data protection policies, and enables automated incident response. In comparison, Microsoft Sentinel focuses on threat detection and incident response, Azure Key Vault manages cryptographic keys and secrets, and Microsoft Intune manages devices and endpoints. While these tools are valuable in an organization’s security strategy, only MCAS delivers comprehensive cloud application security, making it the most appropriate solution for protecting cloud workloads, sensitive data, and user activity.

By deploying MCAS, organizations can reduce the risks associated with cloud adoption, maintain regulatory compliance, prevent data leaks, and detect insider threats. Its integration with other Microsoft security tools, such as Microsoft Information Protection and Azure AD, allows organizations to enforce consistent policies and maintain control over cloud applications and services. This makes MCAS essential for modern cloud security management.

Question 58

Your organization wants to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data by automatically enforcing encryption and access restrictions based on data sensitivity. Which solution is best?

A) Microsoft Information Protection
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Information Protection

Explanation:

 Information Protection classifies data using sensitivity labels and automatically enforces encryption and access restrictions, preventing unauthorized sharing of sensitive content. Microsoft Information Protection (MIP) is a comprehensive suite of tools designed to help organizations classify, label, and protect sensitive information across cloud and on-premises environments. The correct answer is option A: Microsoft Information Protection. MIP enables organizations to enforce consistent data protection policies, monitor access to sensitive information, and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. Understanding why MIP is the correct choice requires analyzing each of the four options in detail.

A) Microsoft Information Protection
This is the correct answer. Microsoft Information Protection provides a structured approach to identifying and securing sensitive information, such as personal data, financial records, intellectual property, and confidential business information. Organizations can classify data based on sensitivity labels and enforce automated protection actions, including encryption, access restrictions, and watermarking. MIP integrates seamlessly across Microsoft 365 applications, cloud services, and on-premises systems, providing consistent protection policies regardless of where data resides. By applying labels and protection policies, MIP ensures that sensitive information is only accessible to authorized users and prevents accidental or intentional exposure. Additionally, MIP provides auditing and reporting capabilities to help organizations maintain compliance with standards such as GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO 27001. Through visibility and control over sensitive data, MIP reduces the risk of data breaches and supports secure collaboration across the enterprise.

B) Azure Firewall
Azure Firewall is a cloud-native, stateful firewall service that provides network-level protection by controlling inbound and outbound traffic based on IP addresses, ports, protocols, and application rules. While Azure Firewall is crucial for securing network traffic and protecting Azure resources from unauthorized access, it does not classify, label, or protect the content of files or data. Its focus is on network security rather than content-level data protection, making it unsuitable for information protection purposes.

C) Microsoft Sentinel
Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) platform. Sentinel collects security logs, applies analytics to detect threats, and automates responses to incidents. While Sentinel is highly valuable for monitoring, detecting, and responding to security events across an organization, it does not provide data classification, labeling, or content-level protection. Its focus is on threat detection and incident response rather than safeguarding sensitive information at the data level.

D) Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Intune, part of Microsoft Endpoint Manager, is a device and application management solution that enforces compliance policies, manages devices, and secures endpoints. While Intune ensures that devices accessing organizational resources are secure and compliant, it does not directly classify or protect sensitive data. Intune complements data protection efforts by managing endpoints and applications, but cannot replace the content-level information protection provided by MIP.

In conclusion, Microsoft Information Protection is the correct choice because it provides end-to-end visibility, classification, labeling, and protection of sensitive data across an organization. Azure Firewall focuses on network security, Microsoft Sentinel provides threat detection and response, and Microsoft Intune manages endpoints and compliance. While these tools contribute to a broader security strategy, only Microsoft Information Protection directly addresses the need to secure sensitive information and enforce policies based on data sensitivity.

By implementing MIP, organizations can ensure that critical data is protected against unauthorized access, accidental disclosure, and regulatory violations. Its integration with Microsoft 365 and other enterprise systems allows for seamless policy enforcement, secure collaboration, and auditing, making Microsoft Information Protection the most effective solution for data classification, labeling, and protection in modern organizations.

 

Question 59

A company wants to implement just-in-time access for high-privilege roles with time-bound assignments. Which Microsoft solution supports this requirement?

A) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

Explanation:

PIM allows time-bound activation of privileged roles, approval workflows, and MFA enforcement, reducing exposure of administrative accounts and supporting least privilege access.

Question 60

Your organization wants to implement continuous endpoint threat detection, automated investigation, and response for Windows and macOS devices. Which solution provides these capabilities?

A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
B) Azure Key Vault
C) Microsoft Purview
D) Azure Firewall

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Explanation:

Defender for Endpoint offers EEDR DR capabilities, including threat detection, automated investigation, remediation, and device isolation across multiple operating systems.  Microsoft Defender for Endpoint is a comprehensive, cloud-based endpoint security solution that provides advanced protection, detection, investigation, and response capabilities for enterprise devices. The correct answer is option A: Microsoft Defender for Endpoint. It is designed to protect endpoints, including desktops, laptops, servers, and mobile devices, from a wide range of cyber threats, including malware, ransomware, phishing attacks, and advanced persistent threats. Understanding why Defender for Endpoint is the correct choice requires examining each of the four options in detail.

A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
This is the correct answer. Microsoft Defender for Endpoint uses a combination of behavioral analysis, machine learning, and threat intelligence to detect and block threats in real time. It provides endpoint detection and response (EDR) capabilities that allow security teams to investigate suspicious activity, understand the scope of attacks, and remediate compromised systems quickly. The solution includes features such as automated investigation and remediation, attack surface reduction, next-generation antivirus, endpoint behavioral sensors, and threat analytics. By continuously monitoring endpoint activity and correlating signals with threat intelligence, Defender for Endpoint can detect sophisticated attacks that bypass traditional antivirus solutions. Additionally, it integrates seamlessly with Microsoft 365 Defender and other Microsoft security services to provide a unified, enterprise-wide approach to threat detection and incident response. This ensures that organizations can proactively protect critical endpoints and respond effectively to security incidents, minimizing potential damage and downtime.

B) Azure Key Vault
Azure Key Vault is a cloud service used to securely store and manage cryptographic keys, secrets, and certificates. While Key Vault is essential for protecting sensitive cryptographic material and supporting secure encryption operations, it does not provide protection, detection, or response capabilities for endpoints. Its focus is on securing keys and secrets, not preventing or responding to malware, ransomware, or other endpoint-based threats. Therefore, Azure Key Vault does not fulfill the same security functions as Microsoft Defender for Endpoint.

C) Microsoft Purview
Microsoft Purview is a data governance and compliance solution that helps organizations discover, classify, and manage sensitive information across cloud and on-premises environments. While Purview is valuable for regulatory compliance and protecting sensitive data, it does not provide real-time endpoint threat detection, behavioral analysis, or automated remediation. Purview focuses on managing data rather than detecting and responding to attacks on devices, making it unsuitable for endpoint protection purposes.

D) Azure Firewall
Azure Firewall is a stateful, cloud-native firewall that provides network-level protection by filtering inbound and outbound traffic based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols. While it is critical for securing cloud networks and controlling access to Azure resources, Azure Firewall does not monitor or protect endpoints directly. It cannot detect malware, ransomware, or phishing attacks on devices, and it does not provide endpoint behavioral analysis or response capabilities. Therefore, it does not address the same threats as Defender for Endpoint.

In conclusion, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint is the correct choice because it provides comprehensive endpoint security across desktops, laptops, servers, and mobile devices. It combines prevention, detection, investigation, and response capabilities in a single solution, protecting endpoints from a wide range of cyber threats. Azure Key Vault secures cryptographic keys and secrets, Microsoft Purview focuses on data governance and compliance, and Azure Firewall protects network traffic. While each of these tools plays a critical role in an organization’s overall security strategy, only Microsoft Defender for Endpoint delivers the proactive, real-time protection and response capabilities necessary for securing endpoints.

By deploying Defender for Endpoint, organizations can reduce the attack surface, detect advanced threats before they spread, and respond quickly to incidents. This ensures the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of enterprise devices and data, making Defender for Endpoint the most appropriate solution for comprehensive endpoint security in modern organizations.