Microsoft SC-401  Administering Information Security in Microsoft 365 Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 4 Q61-80

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Question 61

Your organization wants to ensure that all administrative accounts are protected against credential theft and can only be used for approved tasks. Which solution combination is most appropriate?

A) Azure AD + Privileged Identity Management (PIM)
B) Microsoft Intune + Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Purview + Microsoft Sentinel
D) Azure Firewall + Network Security Groups

Answer: A) Azure AD + Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

Explanation: 

Azure AD manages identities while PIM enables just-in-time access, approval workflows, and time-limited activation for admin roles. This reduces the risk of credential theft and enforces least privilege access.

Question 62

A company wants to detect and respond to insider threats using analytics on user behavior, both on-premises and in the cloud. Which solution provides this capability?

A) Microsoft Defender for Identity
B) Azure Key Vault
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Identity

Explanation: 

Defender for Identity monitors user and entity behavior, detecting anomalies such as lateral movement, privilege escalation, and unusual activity. It integrates with both on-premises AD and Azure AD for comprehensive monitoring.

Question 63

Your organization wants to ensure that all sensitive documents are encrypted automatically and cannot be shared with unauthorized users. Which solution enables this?

A) Microsoft Information Protection
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Information Protection

Explanation: 

Information Protection applies sensitivity labels to documents and emails, automatically enforcing encryption and access restrictions based on policy, preventing unauthorized sharing.

Question 64

A company wants to enforce device compliance for all endpoints accessing corporate applications. Which combination of tools supports this?

A) Microsoft Intune + Azure AD Conditional Access
B) Azure Firewall + Network Security Groups
C) Microsoft Sentinel + Microsoft Purview
D) Azure Key Vault + Azure Policy

Answer: A) Microsoft Intune + Azure AD Conditional Access

Explanation: 

Intune manages device compliance policies, while Conditional Access ensures only compliant devices are granted access, supporting Zero Trust device verification.

Question 65

Your organization wants automated threat detection, investigation, and response for multi-cloud environments. Which solution provides SIEM and SOAR capabilities?

A) Microsoft Sentinel
B) Azure Security Center
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Azure Firewall

Answer: A) Microsoft Sentinel

Explanation: 

Sentinel collects and correlates logs from multiple sources, applies advanced analytics for threat detection, and supports automation through playbooks for incident response.

Question 66

A company wants to continuously monitor the security posture of Azure and hybrid workloads. Which solution provides recommendations and risk-based alerts?

A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud

Explanation: 

Defender for Cloud evaluates configurations, identifies vulnerabilities, and provides actionable recommendations to maintain secure cloud operations.

Question 67

Your organization needs to enforce least privilege access for sensitive roles and provide approval workflows for temporary role activation. Which solution is most appropriate?

A) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Information Protection
D) Microsoft Cloud App Security

Answer: A) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

Explanation: 

PIM ensures just-in-time access to privileged roles, approval workflows, and MFA enforcement, reducing exposure and aligning with Zero Trust principles. Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM) is a solution designed to manage, monitor, and control access to privileged accounts within an organization. The correct answer is option A: Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM). PIM helps organizations implement just-in-time access, enforce approval workflows, and monitor privileged activities to minimize risks associated with excessive or misused administrative privileges. Understanding why PIM is the correct choice requires examining each of the four options in detail.

Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)
This is the correct answer. PIM is specifically designed to secure privileged identities in Azure Active Directory and Microsoft cloud services. It enables organizations to grant time-limited, just-in-time access to critical roles, reducing the likelihood of unauthorized or prolonged access to sensitive resources. PIM includes approval workflows, so administrative access requires explicit authorization before it is granted. It also provides detailed logging and reporting, allowing administrators to track who activated privileged roles, when access was granted, and what actions were performed. Alerts can be configured to detect suspicious or unusual behavior, such as an account requesting access at odd hours or from an unexpected location. By combining temporary access, approval processes, and monitoring, PIM ensures that privileged accounts are used securely, reducing the risk of insider threats, credential misuse, or accidental misconfigurations.

Azure Firewall
Azure Firewall is a cloud-native, stateful firewall that protects Azure resources by filtering inbound and outbound network traffic based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols. While Azure Firewall is crucial for network security, it does not manage privileged accounts, enforce approval workflows, or monitor administrative activity. Its focus is on securing network traffic rather than controlling access to high-level privileges.

Microsoft Information Protection
Microsoft Information Protection is a framework for discovering, classifying, labeling, and protecting sensitive data. While MIP is essential for securing organizational data, it does not manage privileged accounts or enforce access controls for administrative roles. MIP focuses on data protection rather than identity and privilege management.

Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS)
Microsoft Cloud App Security is a cloud access security broker (CASB) that monitors cloud application usage, detects risky behavior, and enforces policies across SaaS platforms. MCAS is important for cloud security and compliance, but it does not specifically manage privileged accounts or enforce just-in-time access for administrative roles. Its focus is on user activity and cloud app governance rather than privileged identity management.

In conclusion, Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM) is the correct choice because it provides organizations with tools to control, monitor, and secure privileged accounts. Azure Firewall protects network traffic, Microsoft Information Protection secures sensitive data, and Microsoft Cloud App Security governs cloud application usage. While all these tools are critical components of an organization’s overall security posture, only PIM focuses on managing elevated privileges and ensuring that administrative access is controlled, auditable, and risk-mitigated.

By implementing Azure AD PIM, organizations can enforce the principle of least privilege, reduce the risk of credential misuse, ensure accountability for administrative actions, and maintain compliance with regulatory requirements. PIM is essential for securing cloud environments and critical resources, providing a structured and auditable approach to privileged identity management. Its capabilities make it the most effective solution for minimizing the risks associated with privileged accounts in modern enterprise environments.

Question 68

A company wants to detect suspicious sign-ins, such as impossible travel or unfamiliar locations. Which solution provides this functionality?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection
B) Microsoft Sentinel
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Azure Firewall

Answer: A) Azure AD Identity Protection

Explanation:

 Identity Protection uses machine learning to detect risky sign-ins and account compromise scenarios, and can trigger MFA or block access automatically.

Question 69

Your organization wants to enforce encryption and access controls for sensitive information across Teams, SharePoint, and OneDrive. Which solution provides these capabilities?

A) Microsoft Information Protection
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Information Protection

Explanation: 

Sensitivity labels in Information Protection apply classification, encryption, and access restrictions consistently across Microsoft 365 workloads, protecting sensitive data. Microsoft Information Protection (MIP) is a comprehensive data security and classification framework designed to help organizations discover, classify, label, and protect sensitive information across cloud and on-premises environments. The correct answer is option A: Microsoft Information Protection. MIP ensures that data is handled securely, that access is appropriately controlled, and that compliance requirements are consistently enforced. Understanding why this solution is correct requires examining each of the four options in detail.

Microsoft Information Protection
This is the correct answer. Microsoft Information Protection enables organizations to classify and label data automatically or manually based on sensitivity. Labels can trigger protective actions such as encryption, access restrictions, or rights management, ensuring that sensitive data is accessible only to authorized users. MIP integrates with Microsoft 365 services, including SharePoint, OneDrive, and Teams, as well as with Microsoft Purview, to provide unified protection and visibility across all data repositories. Additionally, MIP provides auditing and reporting capabilities, allowing organizations to track access, sharing, and usage of sensitive information. By embedding protection directly into the data, Microsoft Information Protection ensures that sensitive information remains secure even when shared externally or stored in unmanaged locations. This makes it a core tool for organizations aiming to reduce the risk of data breaches and maintain regulatory compliance.

Azure Firewall
Azure Firewall is a cloud-native, stateful firewall designed to filter inbound and outbound network traffic in Azure based on IP addresses, ports, protocols, and application-level rules. While it provides essential network security by blocking unauthorized access and threats, it does not classify, label, or protect sensitive data. Its focus is on securing network traffic rather than managing the security of information itself.

Microsoft Sentinel
Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) platform. Sentinel collects security logs, analyzes potential threats, and enables automated responses to incidents. While Sentinel is critical for threat detection and incident response, it does not provide data classification, labeling, or protection mechanisms. Its scope is focused on monitoring security events rather than proactively protecting sensitive data at the point of creation or sharing.

Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Intune is a cloud-based endpoint and device management solution. Intune ensures devices comply with security policies, deploys applications, and manages endpoint security. While Intune helps protect endpoints and enforce compliance, it does not classify or directly protect sensitive data stored in cloud services or shared across organizational systems. Intune complements data protection strategies but cannot replace the capabilities offered by Microsoft Information Protection.

In conclusion, Microsoft Information Protection is the correct choice because it provides a comprehensive framework for discovering, classifying, labeling, and protecting sensitive information. Azure Firewall secures network traffic, Microsoft Sentinel focuses on threat detection and incident response, and Microsoft Intune manages devices and endpoints. While these tools contribute to overall enterprise security, only Microsoft Information Protection directly ensures that data itself is classified, labeled, and protected across its lifecycle.

By implementing Microsoft Information Protection, organizations can reduce the risk of data breaches, enforce compliance with regulatory requirements, and maintain visibility over the handling of sensitive information. Its integration with other Microsoft security and compliance tools enables organizations to create a unified, proactive approach to data protection, ensuring that critical information remains secure, auditable, and accessible only to authorized users. This makes Microsoft Information Protection an essential component of modern enterprise security and governance strategies.

Question 70

A company wants to implement micro-segmentation to reduce lateral movement in Azure virtual networks. Which combination achieves this?

A) Azure Firewall + Network Security Groups (NSGs)
B) Microsoft Intune + Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Purview + Defender for Identity
D) Microsoft Sentinel + Azure Monitor

Answer: A) Azure Firewall + Network Security Groups (NSGs)

Explanation: 

NSGs control traffic at the subnet and VM levels, while Azure Firewall provides centralized policy enforcement. Together, they enable micro-segmentation and reduce lateral movement.

Question 71

Your organization wants to protect endpoints from ransomware and malware with automatic investigation and remediation. Which solution provides this capability?

A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
B) Azure Key Vault
C) Microsoft Purview
D) Azure Firewall

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Explanation: 

Defender for Endpoint provides detection, investigation, and automatic remediation of threats, including malware containment and device isolation, for comprehensive endpoint protection.

Question 72

A company wants to track sensitive data access, sharing, and policy compliance in Microsoft 365. Which solution provides this capability?

A) Microsoft Purview
B) Microsoft Sentinel
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Azure Firewall

Answer: A) Microsoft Purview

Explanation:

 Purview provides auditing, retention management, and compliance reporting, helping organizations meet regulatory requirements and internal data policies. Microsoft Purview is a comprehensive data governance and compliance platform designed to help organizations discover, classify, manage, and protect sensitive information across cloud and on-premises environments. The correct answer is option A: Microsoft Purview. Purview ensures that organizations maintain visibility and control over their data, enforce compliance policies, and reduce the risks associated with data exposure. Understanding why Purview is the correct choice requires analyzing each of the four options in detail.

Microsoft Purview
This is the correct answer. Microsoft Purview provides organizations with the ability to catalog, classify, and govern data across multiple environments, offering a unified view of where sensitive information resides. It uses automated classification to identify sensitive data, including personally identifiable information (PII), financial records, intellectual property, and regulated data. Once data is classified, Purview enables organizations to enforce protection policies, such as access restrictions, encryption, and retention rules. Purview also offers auditing, reporting, and compliance dashboards that allow organizations to track data usage, detect policy violations, and maintain regulatory compliance with frameworks such as GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO 27001. By providing centralized visibility and governance, Microsoft Purview ensures that sensitive information is appropriately managed and that data policies are consistently enforced across the organization.

Microsoft Sentinel
Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) platform. Sentinel aggregates security logs, applies advanced analytics, and automates responses to detected threats. While it is highly effective for monitoring security events and managing incidents, Sentinel does not classify, label, or govern sensitive data. Its primary focus is threat detection and incident response, not data governance or regulatory compliance.

Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Intune is a cloud-based endpoint and device management solution that ensures devices comply with security policies, deploys applications, and manages endpoints. While Intune is essential for securing devices and managing access, it does not provide capabilities for classifying, labeling, or enforcing policies on sensitive organizational data. Intune supports device compliance and endpoint security, but does not manage data governance across cloud or on-premises environments.

Azure Firewall
Azure Firewall is a stateful, cloud-native firewall that protects Azure resources by filtering inbound and outbound network traffic based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols. While it plays an important role in network security, Azure Firewall does not provide data discovery, classification, labeling, or governance. Its primary purpose is securing network traffic and resources from external threats, rather than managing sensitive data content or enforcing compliance policies.

In conclusion, Microsoft Purview is the correct choice because it directly addresses the discovery, classification, governance, and protection of sensitive data across the enterprise. Microsoft Sentinel focuses on threat detection and incident response, Microsoft Intune manages endpoints and compliance, and Azure Firewall secures network traffic. While each of these tools is important for overall organizational security, only Microsoft Purview provides centralized capabilities to ensure data governance, regulatory compliance, and protection of sensitive information.

By implementing Microsoft Purview, organizations can ensure that critical and sensitive data is appropriately classified, access is controlled, compliance requirements are met, and auditability is maintained. Its integration with other Microsoft security and compliance solutions enables a holistic approach to managing data, reducing the risk of breaches, and maintaining trust in the organization’s data management practices. This makes Microsoft Purview the most effective solution for modern data governance and compliance management.

Question 73

Your organization wants adaptive access policies that enforce MFA based on sign-in risk. Which combination provides this functionality?

A) Azure AD Conditional Access + Identity Protection
B) Azure Firewall + NSGs
C) Microsoft Sentinel + Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview + Defender for Identity

Answer: A) Azure AD Conditional Access + Identity Protection

Explanation: 

Conditional Access enforces access controls, while Identity Protection evaluates sign-in risk to trigger MFA or block high-risk access, providing adaptive access.  Azure AD Conditional Access, combined with Azure AD Identity Protection, provides a robust and intelligent approach to managing secure access to organizational resources. The correct answer is option A: Azure AD Conditional Access + Identity Protection. This combination allows organizations to enforce risk-based policies, detect potentially compromised accounts, and ensure that access to applications and data is granted only under secure conditions. Understanding why this solution is correct requires analyzing each of the four options in detail.

Azure AD Conditional Access + Identity Protection
This is the correct answer. Azure AD Conditional Access is a policy-driven framework that allows administrators to enforce access controls based on user identity, device compliance, location, application, or risk level. For example, a policy can require multi-factor authentication (MFA) for users accessing resources from untrusted networks or block access from non-compliant devices. Azure AD Identity Protection complements Conditional Access by continuously assessing the risk level of user accounts and sign-in attempts. It leverages machine learning and behavioral analytics to detect suspicious activities, such as atypical sign-in locations, anonymous IP addresses, or credential leaks. When integrated with Conditional Access, these risk signals can automatically trigger additional verification, deny access, or require password changes, reducing the risk of unauthorized access. Together, these tools enable a zero-trust security model, ensuring that access decisions are dynamic and context-aware while protecting sensitive resources.

Azure Firewall + NSGs
Azure Firewall is a stateful firewall that protects cloud resources by controlling inbound and outbound network traffic, while Network Security Groups (NSGs) filter traffic at the subnet or network interface level. This combination is essential for network security and segmentation, but does not provide identity-based access controls or risk-based account protection. Firewall and NSG configurations focus on controlling network flows rather than detecting compromised accounts or enforcing dynamic access policies.

Microsoft Sentinel + Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Sentinel is a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) platform, and Microsoft Intune manages endpoint compliance and security. While this combination supports threat detection, incident response, and endpoint management, it does not provide conditional, risk-based access control for user accounts. Sentinel focuses on analyzing security events, and Intune ensures endpoint compliance, but neither directly enforces dynamic access policies based on user or sign-in risk.

Microsoft Purview + Defender for Identity
Microsoft Purview is a data governance solution for classifying and protecting sensitive information, while Microsoft Defender for Identity monitors Active Directory for suspicious activities. Although both tools are critical for data compliance and identity monitoring, they do not enforce conditional access policies or dynamically respond to account risk. Purview manages data, and Defender for Identity detects anomalies, but access enforcement is outside their scope.

In conclusion, Azure AD Conditional Access combined with Identity Protection is the correct choice because it directly addresses the security and risk associated with user access. Azure Firewall + NSGs secures network traffic, Microsoft Sentinel + Intune focuses on monitoring and endpoint compliance, and Microsoft Purview + Defender for Identity emphasizes data governance and anomaly detection. Only Conditional Access with Identity Protection delivers a risk-aware, identity-centric solution that dynamically controls access to applications and sensitive resources.

By implementing Azure AD Conditional Access with Identity Protection, organizations can enforce the principle of least privilege, reduce the risk of account compromise, and maintain regulatory compliance. It provides adaptive, real-time access decisions based on identity, device, and context, enhancing overall security posture and ensuring that critical resources are protected from unauthorized access. This combination is essential for modern enterprises adopting a zero-trust approach to identity and access management.

Question 74

A company wants to continuously assess cloud workloads for security misconfigurations and vulnerabilities. Which solution is most suitable?

A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud

Explanation: 

Defender for Cloud continuously monitors workloads, identifies misconfigurations and vulnerabilities, and provides remediation guidance, ensuring secure cloud operations. Microsoft Defender for Cloud, formerly known as Azure Security Center, is a cloud-native security solution that provides comprehensive protection, monitoring, and threat detection for workloads running in Azure, hybrid, and multi-cloud environments. The correct answer is option A: Microsoft Defender for Cloud. This platform helps organizations strengthen their security posture, identify vulnerabilities, monitor compliance, and respond to threats, making it essential for modern cloud security management. Understanding why Defender for Cloud is the correct choice requires analyzing each of the four options in detail.

Microsoft Defender for Cloud
This is the correct answer. Microsoft Defender for Cloud provides continuous security assessments and actionable recommendations to improve the security posture of cloud workloads. It monitors virtual machines, containers, databases, applications, and other resources, detecting misconfigurations, vulnerabilities, and deviations from compliance standards. Defender for Cloud also offers advanced threat protection using behavioral analytics and integrates seamlessly with Microsoft Sentinel for investigation and automated response. Compliance dashboards help organizations align with regulatory frameworks such as ISO 27001, NIST, and GDPR, while detailed security alerts enable proactive remediation of threats before they escalate. By providing centralized visibility, proactive threat detection, and automated response capabilities, Defender for Cloud ensures that organizations maintain a strong security posture and reduce the risk of cyberattacks.

Azure Firewall
Azure Firewall is a cloud-native, stateful firewall that protects Azure resources by filtering inbound and outbound network traffic based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols. While Azure Firewall is essential for network security, it does not provide workload monitoring, threat detection across services, or compliance management. Its focus is network-level protection, not comprehensive cloud security or posture management.

Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Intune is a cloud-based endpoint and device management solution that enforces compliance policies, manages applications, and secures endpoints. While Intune is valuable for endpoint security and compliance, it does not monitor cloud workloads, detect vulnerabilities in applications, or provide centralized security management. Its focus is securing devices rather than protecting cloud resources and workloads holistically.

Microsoft Purview
Microsoft Purview is a data governance and compliance platform that helps organizations discover, classify, and protect sensitive data across cloud and on-premises environments. While Purview is critical for regulatory compliance and data protection, it does not monitor workloads for vulnerabilities, detect threats, or provide centralized security management. Its focus is on data governance rather than proactive workload security.

In conclusion, Microsoft Defender for Cloud is the correct choice because it provides centralized, proactive security management for cloud workloads. Azure Firewall protects network traffic, Microsoft Intune secures endpoints, and Microsoft Purview governs sensitive data, but none of these solutions offer the holistic, workload-centric security capabilities that Defender for Cloud provides.

By implementing Microsoft Defender for Cloud, organizations gain the ability to continuously monitor their cloud environment, detect threats in real time, remediate vulnerabilities, and maintain compliance with regulatory requirements. Its integration with other Microsoft security services, such as Microsoft Sentinel and Microsoft Information Protection, enhances visibility, incident response, and automated protection, making Defender for Cloud the most effective solution for securing modern cloud infrastructures. This ensures that organizations can maintain a strong security posture while protecting critical workloads, reducing risk, and enabling secure business operations in a hybrid and multi-cloud environment.

Question 75

Your organization wants to discover all cloud applications used by employees and enforce policies on unsanctioned apps. Which solution provides this capability?

A) Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS)
B) Microsoft Sentinel
C) Azure Key Vault
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS)

Explanation: 

MCAS identifies shadow IT, assigns risk scores, and integrates with Conditional Access to enforce policies on unsanctioned cloud applicationsMi Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS) is a cloud access security broker (CASB) that provides comprehensive visibility, control, and protection over cloud applications and services. The correct answer is option A: Microsoft Cloud App Security. MCAS enables organizations to monitor user activity, detect suspicious behavior, enforce policies, and protect sensitive information across cloud environments. Understanding why MCAS is the correct choice requires analyzing each of the four options in detail.

Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS)
This is the correct answer. MCAS provides organizations with visibility into cloud app usage, including sanctioned and unsanctioned applications, often referred to as shadow IT. By analyzing usage patterns and monitoring real-time activity, MCAS detects risky behavior, such as unusual file downloads, atypical login locations, or unauthorized data sharing. MCAS also integrates with Microsoft Information Protection to enforce data classification and labeling policies across cloud services. Conditional access and session control capabilities allow administrators to enforce security policies in real time, such as restricting downloads or requiring multi-factor authentication for risky sessions. Additionally, MCAS supports automated workflows for incident response, alerting security teams, and remediating suspicious activities. By providing these capabilities, MCAS ensures that organizations maintain control over cloud application usage while protecting sensitive data and preventing potential breaches.

Microsoft Sentinel
Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) platform. Sentinel focuses on collecting security logs, analyzing threats, and automating incident response across the enterprise. While Sentinel is critical for monitoring and responding to security events, it does not provide real-time control over cloud applications, detect shadow IT, or enforce policies on user activity within SaaS platforms. Its primary focus is threat detection and incident response, not cloud application governance.

Azure Key Vault
Azure Key Vault is a service for securely storing and managing cryptographic keys, secrets, and certificates. While Key Vault is essential for encryption and credential management, it does not monitor cloud application usage, detect risky user behavior, or enforce policies across cloud services. Its function is limited to managing keys and secrets rather than providing CASB capabilities.

Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Intune is a cloud-based solution for endpoint and device management, ensuring that devices comply with security policies and organizational standards. Intune helps secure endpoints and manage applications, but does not provide the monitoring, policy enforcement, or threat detection specific to cloud application usage. While it complements MCAS by securing endpoints, it cannot replace the capabilities of a CASB in governing cloud apps.

In conclusion, Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS) is the correct choice because it delivers comprehensive visibility, control, and protection for cloud applications. It identifies risky usage, enforces policies, integrates with data protection tools, and supports automated response to incidents. Microsoft Sentinel focuses on threat detection and incident response, Azure Key Vault manages cryptographic secrets, and Microsoft Intune manages endpoints and device compliance. While all these tools are important for overall enterprise security, only MCAS provides the specialized capabilities required to monitor and secure cloud application usage effectively.

By implementing MCAS, organizations can mitigate shadow IT risks, protect sensitive data in cloud applications, enforce security and compliance policies, and respond to suspicious activity in real time. Its integration with other Microsoft security tools ensures a holistic approach to cloud security, making MCAS essential for maintaining secure, compliant, and well-governed cloud environments.

Question 76

A company wants to enforce data encryption and access restrictions automatically based on content sensitivity. Which solution provides this functionality?

A) Microsoft Information Protection
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Information Protection

Explanation: 

Information Protection classifies sensitive data and enforces encryption and access restrictions automatically, preventing unauthorized data sharing.

Question 77

Your organization wants to implement just-in-time access for administrative roles with time-limited activation. Which solution supports this?

A) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

Explanation: 

PIM enables time-limited activation, approval workflows, and MFA enforcement for high-privilege roles, reducing exposure and supporting least privilege. Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM) is a critical tool for managing, controlling, and monitoring access to privileged accounts within an organization. The correct answer is option A: Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM). PIM helps organizations implement just-in-time access, enforce approval workflows, and monitor privileged activities to reduce the risks associated with excessive or misused administrative permissions. Understanding why PIM is the correct choice requires analyzing each of the four options in detail.

Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)
This is the correct answer. PIM is designed to manage and secure privileged accounts in Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) and other Microsoft cloud services. It allows administrators to grant temporary, time-limited access to sensitive roles, rather than permanent privileges, reducing the risk of misuse. PIM supports approval workflows, ensuring that elevated permissions are only granted after proper authorization. It also provides detailed auditing and reporting, allowing organizations to monitor who accessed privileged roles, when they did so, and for what purpose. Alerts and notifications can be configured to detect unusual or suspicious privileged activity. By combining just-in-time access, approval processes, and monitoring, PIM ensures that administrative privileges are controlled and that compliance requirements are met. This significantly reduces the risk of insider threats, accidental misconfigurations, and external attacks exploiting privileged accounts.

Azure Firewall
Azure Firewall is a cloud-native, stateful firewall that filters inbound and outbound network traffic based on IP addresses, ports, protocols, and application-level rules. While Azure Firewall is essential for network security and protecting Azure resources, it does not manage privileged access, enforce approval workflows, or monitor administrative account usage. Its focus is on securing network traffic rather than controlling high-level access permissions.

Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Intune is a cloud-based solution for endpoint management and compliance. It helps organizations enforce device compliance policies, deploy applications, and secure endpoints. While Intune is valuable for endpoint security, it does not manage privileged accounts or provide role-based access control for administrators. Intune complements identity management but does not replace the specialized capabilities of PIM.

Microsoft Purview
Microsoft Purview is a data governance and compliance platform that helps organizations discover, classify, and protect sensitive information. While Purview is essential for data management and regulatory compliance, it does not control or monitor privileged access to accounts or administrative roles. Its focus is on securing sensitive data rather than managing identity privileges.

In conclusion, Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM) is the correct choice because it directly addresses the management, monitoring, and security of privileged accounts. It provides just-in-time access, approval workflows, auditing, and alerts, ensuring that administrative privileges are granted appropriately and used securely. Azure Firewall focuses on network traffic security, Microsoft Intune manages devices and endpoints, and Microsoft Purview governs sensitive data. While all these tools contribute to an organization’s overall security posture, only PIM provides the necessary controls to reduce risks associated with elevated privileges.

By implementing Azure AD Privileged Identity Management, organizations can enforce the principle of least privilege, minimize the attack surface associated with administrative accounts, ensure accountability, and meet regulatory compliance requirements. PIM is essential for securing cloud environments, protecting sensitive resources, and maintaining a robust identity and access management framework, making it the most effective solution for privileged account management.

Question 78

A company wants continuous endpoint threat detection and automated response across Windows and macOS devices. Which solution provides this?

A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
B) Azure Key Vault
C) Microsoft Purview
D) Azure Firewall

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Explanation: 

Defender for Endpoint provides EDR, automated investigation, threat remediation, and device isolation for endpoints across multiple operating systems.

Question 79

Your organization wants to enforce compliance with regulatory retention policies and generate audit reports for Microsoft 365 data. Which solution is most appropriate?

A) Microsoft Purview
B) Microsoft Sentinel
C) Azure Firewall
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Purview

Explanation: 

Purview enables retention management, auditing, and compliance reporting across Microsoft 365 workloads, ensuring adherence to regulations. Microsoft Purview is a comprehensive data governance and compliance platform designed to help organizations discover, classify, and manage sensitive data across cloud and on-premises environments. The correct answer is option A: Microsoft Purview. It enables organizations to maintain control over their data, ensure regulatory compliance, and reduce risks associated with data exposure. Understanding why Purview is the correct choice requires analyzing each of the four options in detail.

Microsoft Purview
This is the correct answer. Microsoft Purview provides organizations with the tools to catalog, classify, and govern data across diverse environments. Using automated classification, Purview can identify sensitive data such as personally identifiable information (PII), financial records, intellectual property, and regulated information. Once identified, data can be labeled and protected according to organizational policies. Purview integrates with other Microsoft services, such as Microsoft Information Protection, to enforce access restrictions, encryption, and retention policies. The platform also offers auditing and reporting capabilities, enabling organizations to track access and usage, detect potential policy violations, and maintain compliance with regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO 27001. By providing centralized visibility and governance, Microsoft Purview ensures that sensitive information is adequately protected and that data management aligns with organizational and regulatory requirements.

Microsoft Sentinel
Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) solution. Sentinel aggregates security logs, analyzes threat intelligence, and automates responses to security incidents. While Sentinel is crucial for threat detection and incident response, it does not provide data classification, labeling, or governance. Its focus is on monitoring, detecting, and responding to cybersecurity threats rather than managing and protecting sensitive organizational data.

Azure Firewall
Azure Firewall is a cloud-native, stateful firewall that protects Azure resources by filtering inbound and outbound traffic based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols. While it plays an important role in network security, Azure Firewall does not offer capabilities for data discovery, classification, or governance. Its primary purpose is controlling network traffic and protecting resources from external threats, not managing the security and compliance of sensitive data.

Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Intune, part of Microsoft Endpoint Manager, provides device and application management, ensuring endpoints are compliant with security policies and organizational standards. While Intune is important for endpoint security, it does not classify or govern data, enforce labeling policies, or provide insights into the storage and usage of sensitive information. Intune complements data protection efforts but cannot replace the centralized governance capabilities of Microsoft Purview.

In conclusion, Microsoft Purview is the correct choice because it provides comprehensive tools for discovering, classifying, labeling, and protecting sensitive data across the organization. Microsoft Sentinel focuses on threat detection, Azure Firewall protects network traffic, and Microsoft Intune manages devices and endpoints. While each of these tools is important for overall organizational security, only Microsoft Purview addresses the critical need for centralized data governance, compliance management, and policy enforcement.

By implementing Microsoft Purview, organizations can ensure that sensitive information is properly classified, access is appropriately controlled, and regulatory requirements are met. The platform enhances visibility, reduces the risk of data breaches, and supports secure collaboration across cloud and on-premises environments. This makes Microsoft Purview the most effective solution for modern data governance and compliance management.

Question 80

A company wants centralized SIEM and automated orchestration for security alerts from multi-cloud and hybrid environments. Which solution provides this capability?

A) Microsoft Sentinel
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Microsoft Sentinel

Explanation: 

Sentinel provides centralized log collection, advanced threat detection, and automated response with playbooks, suitable for multi-cloud and hybrid environments. Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) platform designed to provide intelligent security analytics and threat intelligence across an organization. The correct answer is option A: Microsoft Sentinel. Sentinel enables organizations to detect, investigate, and respond to security threats in real time, offering a comprehensive view of their security posture. Understanding why Sentinel is the correct choice requires examining each of the four options in detail.

Microsoft Sentinel
This is the correct answer. Microsoft Sentinel collects security logs, telemetry, and events from across on-premises and cloud environments, including Microsoft 365, Azure resources, and third-party systems. It applies artificial intelligence and machine learning to identify anomalies, suspicious activities, and potential threats, significantly reducing the noise from false positives. Sentinel also provides powerful investigative tools, allowing security teams to analyze incidents, trace attack paths, and understand the scope of security events. With its SOAR capabilities, Sentinel can automate responses to common threats, such as isolating compromised devices, blocking malicious IP addresses, or notifying security personnel of critical alerts. Additionally, Sentinel offers pre-built dashboards, customizable analytics rules, and compliance reporting, helping organizations meet regulatory requirements while maintaining continuous security monitoring. By providing a unified platform for detection, investigation, and response, Microsoft Sentinel enhances an organization’s ability to proactively defend against cyberattacks and reduce response times.

Azure Firewall
Azure Firewall is a cloud-native, stateful firewall that protects Azure resources by filtering inbound and outbound network traffic. While it is essential for network security and controlling traffic flows, it does not provide centralized logging, threat analytics, or automated incident response across multiple systems. Azure Firewall’s focus is network-level protection rather than enterprise-wide threat detection and response, making it insufficient for comprehensive security monitoring.

Microsoft Intune
Microsoft Intune is a cloud-based endpoint and device management solution that enforces compliance policies, manages applications, and secures devices. While Intune ensures that endpoints meet security standards and are compliant, it does not provide a centralized view of security events or analytics for detecting threats across multiple environments. Intune complements Sentinel by ensuring secure endpoints, but it cannot replace SIEM and SOAR capabilities.

Microsoft Purview
Microsoft Purview is a data governance and compliance solution that discovers, classifies, and protects sensitive information across cloud and on-premises environments. While Purview is critical for regulatory compliance and protecting data, it does not provide real-time threat detection, security event correlation, or automated response. Purview focuses on data management and governance rather than enterprise security monitoring.

In conclusion, Microsoft Sentinel is the correct choice because it provides a cloud-native, unified platform for collecting, analyzing, and responding to security events across an organization’s digital estate. Azure Firewall focuses on network traffic protection, Microsoft Intune manages endpoint security and compliance, and Microsoft Purview governs sensitive data. While each of these tools contributes to an organization’s security strategy, only Microsoft Sentinel delivers advanced threat detection, investigation, and automated response capabilities, which are essential for maintaining enterprise-wide security visibility.

By implementing Microsoft Sentinel, organizations can proactively detect threats, reduce response times, automate remediation, and maintain regulatory compliance. Its integration with other Microsoft security solutions, such as Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, enhances visibility and incident management, making it the most effective platform for modern security operations.