Seven ACT Errors Students Make—and How to Fix Them
The ACT is a standardized test used primarily for college admissions in the United States. It serves as a comprehensive assessment of a student’s academic preparedness for college. The test evaluates proficiency across several subjects—English, Math, Reading, and Science, with an optional Writing component. Each section has a specific time constraint and unique challenges that test not only knowledge but also the test-taker’s ability to work under pressure, prioritize information, and make strategic decisions quickly.
Many students enter the ACT with a solid academic background but are surprised by how difficult the test feels. This difficulty often arises not from a lack of knowledge, but from the pressure of timed conditions, the intensity of sustained focus required, and the structure of the questions themselves. This is why understanding the test—beyond just studying content—is a fundamental part of preparation.
The ACT is designed to assess college readiness. While the questions are based on high school curricula, the real purpose is to evaluate how well students can apply this knowledge in a standardized and high-stakes environment. It’s important to recognize that the ACT is not trying to trick you with obscure questions or complex puzzles. Rather, it focuses on assessing your ability to read carefully, think logically, and perform under time pressure.
The test includes the following components:
Understanding the core intent behind these sections helps shape your preparation. For instance, in Science, the ACT does not expect you to have extensive scientific knowledge. Instead, it tests your ability to interpret graphs, analyze experiments, and reason logically from the given information.
One of the most underestimated aspects of ACT preparation is developing a strategy. Knowing algebra or how to spot grammatical errors is important, but it’s not enough. Students also need to master how to manage time, pace themselves, stay focused for several hours, and decide which questions to skip, guess on, or return to later. These decisions are just as important as knowing the content itself.
Furthermore, preparing for the ACT also builds broader life skills. It enhances critical thinking, reading comprehension, time management, and test-taking confidence. These are skills that extend far beyond college admissions and are applicable in a wide range of academic and professional settings.
Preparation is most effective when it’s intentional. Simply taking practice tests without reviewing mistakes or reflecting on strategy is inefficient. Instead, your study plan should include time for content review, strategic practice, full-length test simulations, and post-test analysis to identify trends in your performance.
Time pressure is one of the most challenging elements of the ACT. Each section is timed, and the pacing is demanding. The following breakdown gives a sense of the time constraints:
ACT Section | Number of Questions | Time Limit (Minutes) |
English | 75 | 45 |
Math | 60 | 60 |
Reading | 40 | 35 |
Science | 40 | 35 |
Writing (optional) | 1 essay | 40 |
In the Reading section, students have less than a minute per question, and that includes the time spent reading the passages. Similarly, the English section requires you to answer over one question per minute, demanding both speed and accuracy. Because of this, managing time effectively is not optional—it is essential.
Most students are not used to working at this pace. In school, there is often more time to think, reflect, and double-check. On the ACT, you must be comfortable making quick decisions without second-guessing yourself. Timed practice tests can help develop this skill and reduce anxiety about the time constraints.
Standardized tests like the ACT can also be psychologically demanding. Many students experience test anxiety, especially when they feel that their entire college future hinges on a single exam. While it’s important to take the test seriously, it’s equally important to put it in perspective.
Test anxiety often stems from uncertainty about the content, about timing, or about what to expect on test day. The best way to combat this uncertainty is through preparation. The more familiar you are with the test format, question styles, and time limits, the more confident and in control you’ll feel. Confidence doesn’t come from hoping you’ll do well; it comes from knowing you’ve prepared thoroughly.
Mental endurance is also a factor. The ACT is a long test, and fatigue can set in, especially in the final sections. Practicing full-length tests helps build the stamina needed to maintain focus and accuracy throughout the exam.
Every student has a different reason for taking the ACT: college admissions, scholarships, personal achievement, or even proving something to themselves. Whatever your reason, having a clear goal helps motivate you to stay consistent with your preparation. Whether you’re aiming for a specific score, a percentile ranking, or a scholarship threshold, define your goal early and let it guide your study plan.
Setting realistic short-term goals along the way also helps. For example, aim to complete a practice test each weekend or to improve your score on one section before moving to another. These smaller milestones make the process more manageable and give you a sense of progress.
A few misconceptions about the ACT can hinder your preparation if not addressed:
Recognizing these myths and replacing them with facts helps you approach the test with a healthier, more effective mindset.
Preparing for the ACT goes far beyond memorizing formulas and grammar rules. It involves understanding the structure and intent of the test, managing time effectively, building mental stamina, and preparing strategically across all subject areas. By viewing the ACT as both a knowledge and skill-based assessment, students can tailor their preparation to maximize performance.
Strong academic preparation is important, but what often separates high scorers on the ACT from others is their ability to avoid common test-day mistakes. These are not mistakes of intelligence or capability, but of strategy, timing, and planning. Students who recognize these pitfalls and proactively work to avoid them can significantly improve their scores. This section will cover the most frequent strategic errors students make during ACT preparation and on test day—and how to sidestep them for a more successful experience.
The ACT is as much a test of speed and pacing as it is of content. Each section is tightly timed, and many students run out of time before finishing. Poor time management can turn a high scorer into a mid-range scorer, even if they know the material well.
Take the Reading section as an example. You are given 35 minutes to answer 40 questions spread across four passages. That equates to fewer than nine minutes per passage, including reading and answering questions. If you spend 15 minutes on the first two passages, you’ll be forced to rush or even guess on the last two.
To address this, divide each section into smaller time goals. For Reading and Science, aim to spend no more than eight to nine minutes per passage. For English, plan to finish every 15 questions in nine minutes. In Math, pace yourself to complete one question per minute, with extra time built in for more challenging problems toward the end.
Regularly taking full-length, timed practice tests is the best way to improve your pacing. Start by using a timer and gradually wean yourself off it as you develop an internal sense of time. Mark questions that are taking too long and return to them only if time allows at the end of the section.
Another frequent mistake among capable students is overanalyzing. The ACT is designed to test your knowledge in a direct, straightforward manner. While it requires careful reading and thoughtful reasoning, it rarely rewards complexity for its own sake.
For example, a Math problem may ask for the value of x in a linear equation. Students sometimes complicate the process by applying unnecessary advanced techniques or formulas. The correct method is often the simplest—like isolating the variable or applying basic algebra rules. Similarly, in English, a question may be testing punctuation, yet some students try to interpret complex grammatical constructs when the answer simply requires a comma.
The solution is to approach each question with a mindset of simplicity. Read it carefully, identify exactly what is being asked, and apply the most straightforward method you know. If a question feels confusing or unfamiliar, skip it temporarily and move on. Let your intuition guide you toward a basic solution instead of second-guessing every detail.
Students should practice the skill of moving on when they’re stuck. Getting bogged down in one difficult question can derail your timing and cause panic, affecting performance on questions you could have easily answered correctly.
Many students take practice tests and move on quickly after scoring them. They might note how many questions they got right or wrong, but don’t dig deeper to analyze why they missed certain questions. This limits their ability to improve.
Mistakes offer the most valuable insights into your test-taking habits. They reveal content areas you need to review, types of questions you frequently misread, and patterns in your decision-making. For example, consistently missing pronoun agreement questions in English signals a need to review that grammar rule. Frequently getting data interpretation questions wrong in Science may indicate that you need to practice reading charts and graphs more effectively.
To learn from your mistakes, keep a test journal or error log. For every question you miss, write down:
Over time, this log will become a roadmap of what to review and where to focus. It will also help you recognize if your mistakes are due to gaps in knowledge, careless errors, or timing issues.
In a timed environment, students often scan questions too quickly and miss key words or phrases. A question might ask for “the least effective sentence,” yet a student may select the most effective one because they missed the word “least.” These misreads lead to unnecessary point losses and are often the result of rushing.
One effective strategy is to underline or circle key words in the question. In Reading and Science, pay attention to phrases like “according to the passage” or “based on the data.” In Math, identify units of measurement and what variable the question wants you to solve for. In English, make sure to reread the full sentence or paragraph before choosing an answer.
Reading more slowly and carefully might seem counterproductive on a timed test, but it often saves time by preventing you from re-reading or correcting mistakes later.
Not all practice materials are equally effective. Many students prepare using free online resources or outdated prep books that don’t accurately reflect the current ACT. These materials might have questions that are too easy, too hard, or poorly written, which can lead to a skewed sense of preparedness.
The best practice tests come from official ACT sources, as they are based on real tests and mirror the exact structure, content, and difficulty level you’ll see on test day. Supplement these with high-quality prep books from reputable sources that are known for aligning with ACT standards.
When practicing, also avoid memorizing answers or specific questions. The goal is to develop transferable skills and strategies, not to learn by rote. Each question on the actual test will be different, even if it covers the same concepts.
Leaving questions blank on the ACT is always a mistake. There is no penalty for wrong answers, so every blank question is a missed opportunity to gain points. Even a random guess gives you a chance of being correct.
If you’re running out of time, make sure to bubble in answers for any unanswered questions before time is called. You can even develop a personal guessing strategy—some students choose a “default” letter (like B or C) and use it consistently when guessing blindly.
For partially informed guesses, try to eliminate at least one or two incorrect answers. This increases your odds of guessing correctly and boosts your score over time. The more comfortable you become with this process during practice, the more natural it will feel on test day.
When preparing for the ACT, it’s tempting to spend most of your time on your weakest subject. While it’s important to improve in those areas, it’s equally critical not to neglect your stronger subjects. If you excel at Math, for instance, you should still periodically review key formulas and complete timed practice sections to maintain that strength.
Overconfidence in strong subjects can lead to complacency, resulting in simple mistakes or forgotten rules. Conversely, obsessively focusing on one weak subject may yield diminishing returns, especially if the improvement is small relative to the time invested.
The most successful test-takers create a balanced study schedule. Allocate time each week for all sections of the test, and rotate between focused review, timed practice, and error analysis. This well-rounded approach ensures you’re building both skill and confidence across the entire exam.
Avoiding strategic errors on the ACT can make a substantial difference in your final score. By managing your time wisely, avoiding overanalysis, learning from your mistakes, using high-quality resources, and keeping a balanced approach, you position yourself for maximum success.
These are not hard skills like solving equations or identifying comma splices—they are strategic habits and choices that can be practiced and refined. As you continue your ACT preparation, keep these common mistakes in mind and actively work to avoid them.
Not all preparation is equally effective. What separates truly impactful ACT study sessions from less useful ones often boils down to the quality of the materials used and how thoughtfully they are applied. Alongside this, another crucial but frequently overlooked element is the art of strategic guessing. While guessing might seem like an act of desperation, when done correctly and thoughtfully, it can be a legitimate test-taking strategy that maximizes scores without requiring additional content knowledge.
In this part, we will examine how students can benefit from aligning their preparation with the actual structure of the ACT through high-quality practice materials and how guessing, when handled properly, can tip the score scales in your favor, especially under timed conditions.
The ACT has a very specific style, tone, and structure. It has been designed with consistency in mind, and it follows certain patterns in how questions are phrased, what skills are tested, and how answer choices are presented. The more familiar you become with these characteristics, the better prepared you will be for the actual test. However, this familiarity can only be built through exposure to authentic, high-quality practice materials.
Some students rely heavily on free resources or apps that claim to offer ACT prep. While some of these tools are useful supplements, many lack the sophistication or accuracy needed to fully prepare students for the test. They may contain outdated question formats, irrelevant content, or unrealistic levels of difficulty. Worse, some questions might even have errors in phrasing or answer keys, leading to confusion and false confidence.
Official ACT practice tests are the gold standard. These tests are published by the organization that administers the ACT and are based on actual exams used in previous years. They accurately reflect the types of questions, timing constraints, and scoring procedures you will encounter. Practicing with these official materials offers the clearest window into what to expect and helps reduce anxiety by creating a sense of familiarity with the test format.
When selecting additional prep materials beyond the official tests, students should look for resources that meet the following criteria:
Books and online platforms that consistently update their content, draw from research-based educational strategies, and mimic the ACT’s actual design tend to offer the best return on investment of your time and effort.
One of the biggest dangers of using low-quality or unverified ACT practice materials is developing a false sense of confidence. A student might perform well on an overly simplified practice test and assume they’re fully prepared, only to be blindsided by the more rigorous demands of the official test. This can be demoralizing and lead to underperformance on test day.
Practice that is too easy can mask your weaknesses, while unrealistically hard practice can create unnecessary anxiety and reduce motivation. Striking the right balance through materials that replicate the actual difficulty and structure of the ACT is essential for building true readiness.
Guessing is often misunderstood. While guessing is typically associated with last-resort decision-making, on the ACT, it is a valid and essential part of a good strategy. The test is designed so that students will likely encounter questions they are unsure about, and because the ACT does not penalize incorrect answers, there is no downside to making an educated or even random guess.
Leaving questions blank, on the other hand, guarantees zero points. Guessing, even blindly, gives you at least a 25 percent chance of selecting the correct answer if there are four options, and a 20 percent chance on five-option questions in the Math section. Throughout many such guesses, the odds work in your favor, especially if you can eliminate even one or two wrong choices.
There are two types of guessing: educated and random. Educated guessing involves using the information in the question and your knowledge to eliminate one or more answer choices, thereby increasing your chances of choosing the correct answer from the remaining options. For example:
Random guessing occurs when you simply select an answer without using any elimination strategy, often because of time pressure. While this is not ideal, it is still better than leaving the question blank. To make random guessing more efficient, some students adopt a default guess strategy—choosing the same letter (such as “C” or “H”) for all questions they need to guess on. Statistically, this consistent approach is more likely to yield correct answers over a set of guesses than switching randomly every time.
One of the most practical applications of guessing comes in the final minutes of a section. If you realize you have several unanswered questions and very little time left, do not panic. Instead, quickly bubble in your default answer for all remaining questions, and then, if there’s time, return to work on any that you feel confident you can solve.
This ensures that every question receives an answer. Many students lose easy points simply because they run out of time and leave questions unanswered. Training yourself to watch the clock and react quickly in the final moments of a section is an essential part of the ACT strategy.
Guessing is a skill, and like any other skill, it can be improved through practice. During your prep sessions, challenge yourself to:
Over time, you will get better at spotting patterns, identifying trap answers, and using context clues, even when you are unsure of the correct solution.
Although the ACT Writing section does not use multiple-choice questions, strategic guessing still plays a role. When writing your essay, if you’re unsure about the perfect example or best vocabulary, choose the clearest explanation you can offer. Don’t overthink or try to sound overly sophisticated. Clarity and logical structure often matter more than complex language. Even when you feel unsure about a claim or illustration, make a decision and stick with it—uncertainty often leads to disorganized or vague writing.
High ACT scores don’t just result from mastering the content—they also come from studying effectively and making smart decisions. By using high-quality practice materials, you ensure that your study time is productive, relevant, and aligned with the actual test. Meanwhile, understanding and applying a strategy for guessing helps you avoid leaving valuable points on the table.
Together, these elements form a powerful foundation for success. Quality preparation ensures you know what to expect, and strategic guessing ensures you make the most of every opportunity. These skills, practiced consistently, will enhance your confidence, improve your scores, and reduce the anxiety that often accompanies standardized testing.
Balanced Preparation and Test Day Readiness
Mastering the ACT isn’t just about content knowledge or even strategy—it’s also about balance, foresight, and control over the entire testing process. Many students fall into the trap of preparing unevenly, focusing only on weak areas or ignoring the logistics of test day altogether. Others let test-day anxiety undermine weeks or months of preparation.
In this final section, we’ll examine the value of reviewing all ACT subjects equally, the necessity of planning for logistical and psychological factors, and the importance of creating a test-day mindset that promotes calm and control. With a fully rounded approach, you increase the likelihood that your performance on test day will reflect your true capabilities.
Students tend to prepare unevenly for the ACT. Some spend excessive time on subjects they find challenging, like Math or Science, while neglecting their stronger areas under the assumption that those are “already covered.” Others, worried about their overall score, may cram every topic superficially without focusing on depth in any one section.
Both of these approaches can backfire. By focusing only on weak areas, you risk losing points in your strengths due ta o lack of recent practice or overconfidence. Conversely, by spreading yourself too thin, you don’t give yourself the time or focus to deeply improve in any section.
Balanced preparation ensures that you maintain your edge across all sections of the test. Even a few lost points in your best subject can lower your composite score. A student aiming for a 32 might drop to a 30 or 29 simply because they missed easy English or Reading questions due to complacency.
Even if you’re highly confident in Reading or Math, revisiting those sections during your study plan is necessary. Standardized testing introduces variables like fatigue, time pressure, and unfamiliar question wording that can cause even top-performing students to stumble.
You don’t need to spend equal hours on each subject every week, but no section should be ignored. Periodic review of your strongest areas keeps your reflexes sharp, helps you notice new question trends, and sustains your scoring consistency.
Rotating your study topics helps prevent burnout and reinforces confidence across the board. For example, if you spend two days on English and Reading, follow with a day focused on Math or Science. This variety also mirrors the mixed-section nature of the ACT and builds mental flexibility.
Beyond studying, there’s an often overlooked dimension of ACT performance: the actual logistics and physical experience of test day. Even students who are well-prepared academically can see their performance drop due to small, avoidable mistakes.
Planning for test day is not just about knowing what to bring; it’s about managing your physical condition, emotional readiness, and mental clarity. Disruptions like forgetting your calculator, skipping breakfast, or arriving late to the test center can shake your confidence and interfere with focus.
Here’s a checklist of key test-day planning considerations:
Mental readiness is often overlooked, yet it’s one of the most important factors in test-day success. Anxiety, panic, and self-doubt can affect even the most academically prepared students.
To build mental resilience:
Mindset is about control. The more test-day routines you have mastered beforehand, the more you free your mind to focus on the test itself. Confidence comes not only from study but from preparation of every kind.
The ACT Writing section is optional, but many colleges require or recommend it. While it doesn’t affect your composite score, it can still play a role in admissions, especially if you’re applying to more competitive schools.
Preparation for the Writing section should focus on three areas:
Spend some time writing a few timed practice essays. Review them with the ACT rubric in mind, and if possible, ask a teacher or tutor for feedback. With just a few targeted sessions, you can develop a reliable essay structure and approach.
The final week before the test should not be spent cramming. Instead, it should focus on light review, confidence-building, and mental readiness. Here’s how to structure those final days:
Treat the last few days as a cool-down phase, not an intensive push. Your goal is to walk into the test with a clear head, rested body, and confident mindset.
Preparing for the ACT involves much more than reviewing content or solving practice questions. To perform at your best, you must:
By taking a holistic approach to preparation, you make sure that all aspects of your ACT experience—academic, strategic, and personal—are aligned. With a balanced and prepared mind, you increase the likelihood of achieving a score that truly reflects your potential.
Whether you’re aiming to improve a previous score or taking the ACT for the first time, mastering these principles sets you up not just for test-day success but for long-term academic confidence. The ACT is not simply a test of what you know; it is a test of how you prepare, how you perform under pressure, and how well you understand yourself as a learner and thinker.
The ACT is more than a test—it is a comprehensive evaluation of your academic knowledge, time management skills, strategic thinking, and emotional control under pressure. As such, preparing for it requires a holistic approach. Academic mastery is vital, but so are the mental, physical, and logistical elements that contribute to your success.
Across these four parts, we have explored the full landscape of ACT preparation—from understanding the structure of the test and avoiding strategic errors, to selecting the right materials and building a test-day mindset. Each section of the exam presents its challenges, and every student approaches the ACT from a different starting point. However, what all successful test-takers have in common is intentionality. They study with purpose, practice with strategy, and approach the test with clarity and confidence.
Avoiding common pitfalls—like neglecting time management, ignoring wrong answers, or relying on low-quality resources—can make a significant difference in your outcome. So too can smaller decisions, such as getting enough sleep, bringing the right supplies, or knowing when to guess rather than leave an answer blank.
One of the most powerful insights you can carry into your ACT journey is that improvement is always possible. The ACT is not a test of fixed intelligence. It rewards those who plan, practice, and persist. Every study session, every practice test, and every reflection on mistakes brings you one step closer to your goal.
As you move forward, remember:
With the right mindset and preparation, the ACT becomes less of a hurdle and more of an opportunity—a chance to demonstrate what you’ve learned and how you’ve grown. Approach it as a challenge you are ready to meet. Your effort, not your fear, should shape the outcome.
Wishing you clarity, confidence, and success on your ACT journey.
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