Top Score Secrets: What You Need to Know About the ACT
The ACT is a college entrance exam that plays a critical role in the admissions process for many colleges and universities across the United States. Its purpose is to assess high school students’ academic readiness for college by evaluating their knowledge and problem-solving skills in core academic areas. The ACT is used alongside other application components such as GPA, extracurricular involvement, personal essays, and recommendation letters to build a comprehensive picture of each student.
The test is developed to reflect the skills taught in high school and necessary for success in college-level coursework. It provides colleges with a standardized measure of what students have learned, how well they can apply that knowledge, and whether they are prepared to thrive in a university setting.
Although many colleges are moving toward test-optional policies, ACT scores can still strengthen your application, especially at competitive schools. A high ACT score can enhance your chances of admission and even qualify you for merit-based scholarships.
The ACT is divided into four required sections—English, Mathematics, Reading, and Science—and one optional section—Writing. Each section is designed to test a specific skill set. The exam is multiple-choice, except for the optional essay, and is timed. Here’s a closer look at each section:
Students are encouraged to check the requirements of their prospective colleges to determine whether the Writing section is necessary. If it is required or recommended, it must be taken at the same time as the other sections.
The full ACT, without the optional Writing section, takes approximately 2 hours and 55 minutes. If you add the Writing test, the total time becomes around 3 hours and 35 minutes.
During the test, students receive:
These breaks are crucial for maintaining focus and energy. Students are advised to use these short pauses to hydrate, stretch, or have a small snack, which can significantly improve mental performance during the second half of the exam.
The ACT can be taken up to 12 times in total. This limit includes any testing attempts, even those that were canceled by the student or invalidated due to issues at the test center. The majority of students take the ACT two to three times to improve their scores.
It’s common for students to first take the test in the spring of their junior year. This timing allows them to:
Taking the ACT more than once gives students a chance to become familiar with the test format and reduce anxiety through experience.
As of 2024, the cost of the ACT is:
These fees cover several services:
If a student wants to send scores to more than four institutions, additional fees apply. There may also be charges for rescheduling, late registration, or changing test dates and locations.
Fee waivers are available for students who demonstrate financial need, which can cover the test fee and some related costs. Interested students should speak with their school counselors to see if they qualify.
ACT scores can be a decisive factor in the admissions process. Here’s how colleges use these scores:
While not every college requires ACT scores, many highly selective schools still value them. In some cases, a strong ACT score can offset a lower GPA or lack of honors classes. For test-optional schools, submitting good ACT scores can still help your application stand out from other candidates who chose not to submit scores.
Although both the ACT and SAT serve similar purposes, they differ slightly in structure and content. Here are some of the main differences:
Students are encouraged to try both practice tests early in their high school careers to determine which test aligns better with their strengths.
Understanding the ACT is the first step in mastering it. The test evaluates essential academic skills, provides a snapshot of your college readiness, and can play a significant role in your admissions strategy. Whether or not a school requires standardized tests, a strong ACT score can support your application and open up new opportunities for scholarships and advanced placement.
The ACT is more than just a test—it’s a tool that helps bridge the gap between high school and higher education. With proper planning, preparation, and practice, you can approach the ACT with confidence and work toward achieving your college goals.
Understanding how your ACT score is calculated helps you focus your test prep more effectively. The scoring process involves converting your raw scores into scaled scores and averaging them into a final composite score. Let’s break this process down step by step.
Your raw score on the ACT is the total number of questions you answer correctly in each of the four main sections: English, Math, Reading, and Science. You do not lose points for incorrect answers or questions left blank. For this reason, it is always in your best interest to answer every question, even if you are unsure of the answer.
For example, if you correctly answer 52 out of 75 questions in the English section, your raw score is 52 for that section. Each section has a different number of total questions:
These raw scores are not directly reported. Instead, they are converted into scaled scores.
Each raw score is converted into a scaled score between 1 and 36. This process uses a formula that accounts for slight differences in difficulty between different test versions given throughout the year. So, a raw score of 52 in English on one test might convert to a scaled score of 31, but the same raw score on another test version might convert to 32. These small variations ensure fairness for all test-takers, regardless of when they take the ACT.
You receive a scaled score for each of the four sections. These scaled scores are then averaged together to create your composite ACT score.
The composite score is the average of your four section scores, rounded to the nearest whole number. For example:
Composite score = (30 + 28 + 31 + 29) ÷ 4 = 29.5 → Rounded to 30
This is the number that most colleges focus on during the admissions process. However, some schools may also consider individual section scores, especially for competitive programs in math-heavy or writing-heavy fields.
If you take the optional Writing section, your essay is scored separately by two graders. Each one assigns a score from 1 to 6 in four areas: Ideas and Analysis, Development and Support, Organization, and Language Use. The scores from both graders are added together for each domain, giving a final range of 2 to 12.
The Writing score is not included in your composite score. However, some colleges may still use it as an additional indicator of your readiness, especially if they value strong writing skills in their programs.
The highest possible composite score on the ACT is 36. This is achieved when a student averages a perfect score (36) across all four required sections. It is not necessary to answer every single question correctly to earn a 36, but it is close.
The scoring is slightly more forgiving in some sections. For instance, you may be able to miss one or two questions in the English or Math sections and still get a 36. However, because the Reading and Science sections have fewer questions, a single wrong answer there could drop your score more significantly.
Achieving a 36 requires strong performance across all test sections. But even if you fall short of a perfect score, a 34 or 35 still places you among the top percentile of test-takers.
The national average ACT composite score typically hovers around 21. This means that a score of 21 places you in roughly the 50th percentile, meaning you scored higher than about half of all students who took the test.
Here’s how average scores typically break down across sections:
Scoring at or slightly above the national average is sufficient for admission to many colleges and universities. However, more competitive schools tend to expect significantly higher scores.
Understanding where your score falls on the ACT scale can help you target the right colleges or identify areas that need improvement.
Scores in this range are considered very low. They place you in the bottom 25% of test-takers and are unlikely to meet the minimum requirements for admission to most four-year colleges. However, some community colleges or open-enrollment institutions may still accept these scores.
If you are in this range, significant preparation is needed before retaking the ACT. Focus on the basics, and consider additional support such as tutoring or study groups.
This is still considered a below-average score range. While some public universities and less selective schools may accept scores in this range, you will likely need a strong GPA and extracurricular profile to compensate.
This range is considered average or slightly above average. Many regional public universities accept students with these scores, especially if combined with good grades and solid involvement outside the classroom.
These scores are above average and will make you competitive at a broad range of public and private colleges. They demonstrate a strong understanding of academic content and the ability to perform well under pressure.
This is an excellent score range and places you among the top 10% of test-takers nationwide. These scores can help gain admission to highly selective schools, including top-tier liberal arts colleges and major public universities.
A perfect score. Fewer than 1% of students achieve this, and it places you in the highest possible tier for college admissions. While it doesn’t guarantee admission to Ivy League schools, it certainly enhances your chances when combined with a strong overall application.
Colleges use ACT scores in several ways beyond just admissions. Here are some of the common uses:
A high ACT score can help set you apart from other applicants. It demonstrates academic ability and readiness for college-level work. For students applying to test-optional schools, submitting a strong ACT score can still be a valuable way to boost an application.
Many institutions use ACT scores to award merit-based scholarships. A higher score can lead to significant financial assistance, even full-tuition awards at some schools. These scholarships often have score thresholds, such as a minimum of 28 or 30.
Some colleges use ACT scores to place students in introductory or advanced courses. For example, a high score in Math might allow you to skip remedial math and go straight into college algebra or calculus.
Students aiming for Ivy League schools or other highly selective institutions should be aware of the competitive landscape. Here’s what ACT scores typically look like for the top 25% of admitted students at Ivy League schools:
While a perfect score is not required, scoring 34 or above will position you strongly. Other elements—like a high GPA, impressive extracurriculars, compelling essays, and teacher recommendations—are also critical for admission to these schools.
Some colleges offer superscoring, which means they take the highest section scores from multiple ACT dates to create your best possible composite score. For example, if you scored higher in English on your second attempt and higher in Math on your first, the school will use the best of both.
Others follow score choice, where students choose which test dates to send to colleges. This gives you more control over how your scores are presented and can allow you to highlight your best performance.
Before registering for multiple ACTs, check the score policy of each college you’re applying to. Some schools require all test scores to be sent, while others allow flexibility.
If your first ACT score falls below your target college’s average, or you believe you can improve with additional preparation, retaking the test can be a wise decision. Students often improve their scores the second time, especially if they use their first experience to adjust their test-taking strategy.
Here are some scenarios where a retake might help:
On the other hand, if your current score is already within or above the average range for your target schools, a retake might not significantly improve your chances.
Your ACT score plays a significant role in shaping your college opportunities. From admissions to scholarships to course placement, this single number can influence the trajectory of your academic journey.
The key to success lies in preparation, understanding how the test is scored, and aligning your efforts with your specific college goals. With realistic expectations and a solid study plan, you can achieve a score that not only reflects your potential but also opens the door to the college experience you’ve been working toward.
Achieving a high score on the ACT is not just about how much you know—it’s about how you apply that knowledge under pressure. The ACT is a timed, high-stakes test, and succeeding on it requires more than academic skill. You need a smart study strategy, strong test-taking habits, and the ability to perform well under time constraints. The students who earn top scores often aren’t the ones who study the longest, but those who study the smartest.
The ACT is designed to challenge your ability to think quickly and accurately. Managing time effectively is essential to avoid getting stuck on a few difficult questions at the expense of finishing the section.
Each section comes with its time pressure:
To improve your timing:
Speed without accuracy won’t help. It’s important to practice answering quickly but also correctly. Accuracy builds with repetition, review, and familiarity with question types.
Many students lose points not because they don’t know the material, but because they make avoidable mistakes during the test. Understanding these common pitfalls can help you avoid them on test day.
ACT questions are sometimes deliberately worded in a way that can be confusing. You might miss a keyword like “not” or misinterpret a passage’s tone.
Solution: Read questions carefully, underline or mentally note keywords, and avoid rushing through reading sections.
Filling in the wrong bubble on the answer sheet is surprisingly common, especially under pressure. Misalignment can throw off an entire section.
Solution: Double-check the number of the question and the bubble before marking. Use consistent eye-tracking or pointing techniques to stay aligned.
Some students obsess over a question they don’t know and lose valuable time that could be spent answering easier ones.
Solution: Move on from tough questions and return if time allows. Every question is worth the same number of points.
There is no penalty for wrong answers on the ACT, so it is always better to guess than to leave a question unanswered.
Solution: Make educated guesses using the process of elimination, and if you’re running out of time, guess on the remaining questions before time is up.
Your brain needs rest to absorb and process information. Long, uninterrupted study sessions can lead to fatigue and reduced productivity. That’s why regular breaks are critical.
Use structured study intervals like the Pomodoro Technique:
During breaks, do something that relaxes or energizes you: take a short walk, stretch, eat a healthy snack, or listen to music. Avoid screen time, especially social media, as it can make it harder to return to focused studying.
A key part of improving your ACT score is knowing your weak areas and giving them extra attention. Many students prefer to review topics they’re already good at because it feels more comfortable. But to grow your score, you must target what you struggle with.
Here’s how to identify and address your weaknesses:
For example, if you’re consistently missing trigonometry questions in the Math section, spend dedicated time reviewing concepts like sine, cosine, and tangent. If Science passages confuse you, practice interpreting charts, understanding experiment design, and analyzing data.
Don’t ignore areas that feel too hard. Break difficult topics into smaller parts, use step-by-step explanations, and practice similar problems until you gain confidence.
Everyone has a unique learning style. Identifying how you learn best can help you make more efficient use of your study time. Here are the most common learning styles and matching strategies:
You learn best through images, charts, graphs, and written notes.
You learn best by hearing information.
You learn best through movement, touch, and doing.
Adjust your study environment and tools to align with your natural strengths. When studying feels easier, you’re more likely to stay engaged and retain information longer.
The ACT is nearly three hours long, which can be mentally and physically exhausting. Without proper stamina, your focus and performance may decline in the second half of the test.
To build test endurance:
After several such sessions, your brain will adjust to the rhythm and length of the test, and you’ll feel more prepared on exam day.
Studying with flashcards and review books is helpful, but it’s also important to simulate the test experience as closely as possible.
Doing this not only builds familiarity but also reduces anxiety. You’ll walk into the real test day knowing exactly what to expect in terms of pacing, format, and energy management.
To stay motivated and measure your improvement, set specific goals throughout your test prep journey.
Set both short-term and long-term goals:
Track your progress weekly. Use spreadsheets, notebooks, or apps to record practice test scores, time spent studying, and sections covered. Seeing your improvement can boost your confidence and highlight what’s working.
A good study plan breaks down the ACT into manageable parts and creates a clear schedule for preparation.
Here’s how to build one:
The key is consistency. Even 30–60 minutes of daily study over several months is more effective than cramming everything into a few long weekend sessions.
Getting a high score on the ACT is possible with smart, strategic preparation. Focusing on speed and accuracy, avoiding common mistakes, building stamina, and tailoring your study approach to your learning style are essential steps toward success.
Don’t wait until the last minute. Start now by creating a study schedule, gathering your materials, and identifying the areas that need the most attention. With discipline and determination, you can significantly improve your ACT score and move one step closer to your college goals.
In the last stretch of your ACT prep, your focus should shift from learning new content to reinforcing what you already know, sharpening your test-taking strategies, and making sure you’re physically and mentally prepared for test day. Your goal is not to cram in last-minute facts, but to optimize your performance by entering the exam room calm, rested, and confident.
The final week is your opportunity to fine-tune your schedule, organize your materials, and mentally rehearse the test-day experience. You’ve done the academic work—now it’s time to prepare yourself for peak performance.
One of the most overlooked but vital parts of test prep is sleep. Without adequate rest, even the best-prepared students can see their performance suffer due to fatigue, lack of concentration, and increased anxiety.
In the week leading up to the ACT:
Sleep helps your brain consolidate memory and boosts cognitive functions such as focus, decision-making, and information recall—all of which are essential for a timed standardized test.
What you eat before and during test day can significantly affect your mental performance. A healthy diet can improve concentration, energy levels, and stress management.
Tips for optimal nutrition:
Fueling your body well ensures that your brain is ready to perform at its best for nearly three hours of focused mental activity.
The day before the test is not the time for intense studying or trying to master difficult concepts. It’s a time for review, relaxation, and preparation.
Here’s how to use the day before wisely:
By taking care of logistics the day before, you remove unnecessary stress and give yourself the best chance to focus on the test itself.
Knowing what to expect helps reduce anxiety and allows you to mentally prepare. Test centers open early, and punctuality is important.
Here’s a rough timeline of what your test day will look like:
You’re not allowed to use electronic devices at any time during testing or breaks. Violating this rule may result in your scores being canceled.
Even with thorough preparation, feeling nervous before the ACT is normal. The key is managing that anxiety so it doesn’t interfere with your performance.
Strategies to stay calm and focused:
A clear and calm mind allows you to perform closer to your full potential.
If this is your first time taking the ACT, it’s wise to plan as if you may take it again. Many students improve their scores on a second or even third attempt after gaining experience with the test format and identifying areas for improvement.
Use these strategies between test dates:
Retaking the ACT is common and often leads to higher scores, especially with thoughtful adjustments to your approach.
Some colleges practice superscoring, which means they consider the highest score from each section across multiple test dates to create a new composite score. This can work to your advantage.
Example:
Superscore: English 32, Math 30, Reading 30, Science 31 → Composite = 30.75 → Rounded to 31
If you plan to take the ACT more than once, keep track of your highest section scores and check whether your target colleges use superscoring.
Once the test is over, give yourself a break. You’ve invested time, energy, and effort, and you deserve a chance to recharge.
After the test:
If your scores meet or exceed your college targets, you can move on to the next steps of the application process. If not, use what you’ve learned and prepare for a retake.
Preparing for the ACT is a journey that combines content knowledge, test strategy, time management, and personal discipline. While mastering academic material is essential, the habits and mindset you build along the way are just as important.
By the time test day arrives, your goal is to be well-rested, confident, and focused. With proper preparation and a clear understanding of the test structure, you’ll be equipped to do your best. Whether your goal is admission to a selective college, a scholarship opportunity, or simply personal achievement, your ACT score can be a powerful step forward.
Success on the ACT is not just about natural ability—it’s about preparation, persistence, and planning. Now that you completely understand the test and how to master it, you’re ready to take on the challenge and move closer to your college goals.
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