Your Guide to Army ASVAB Composite Scores and Career Options
The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, more commonly known as the ASVAB, is the standardized test used by all branches of the U.S. military to assess a recruit’s qualifications. Unlike traditional school exams that focus solely on academic achievement, the ASVAB evaluates a broad range of knowledge and practical skills. Its purpose is twofold: to determine whether a candidate qualifies for enlistment and to identify which military occupational specialties (MOS) they are best suited for.
The ASVAB is designed to assess strengths in multiple categories and help place recruits in roles that match their abilities. The test is made up of nine subtests, each focusing on a specific subject area. These subtests are:
These subtests measure a range of skills, from mathematical problem-solving and understanding written passages to mechanical knowledge and spatial orientation.
Out of the nine ASVAB subtests, four are used to calculate the Armed Forces Qualification Test, or AFQT score. This score is critical because it determines whether a candidate is eligible to enlist in the military. The four subtests that contribute to the AFQT score are:
The AFQT is not scored as a percentage of correct answers. Instead, it is reported as a percentile. A percentile score tells you how well you performed in comparison to others in a nationally representative sample of test-takers. For example, an AFQT score of 70 means that you did better than 70 percent of people who took the test.
Each military branch has its own minimum AFQT score requirement. For the U.S. Army, the minimum required AFQT score is generally 31. However, higher scores open the door to more opportunities and a wider selection of MOS options.
While the AFQT is essential for enlistment, it doesn’t determine everything. Getting into the Army is just the first step. Once you’re in, your ASVAB results are used to assign you a job. That’s where composite scores, also called line scores, come into play.
Composite scores are combinations of specific ASVAB subtests. Each job in the military has minimum requirements in terms of these composite scores. If your score in a required composite is not high enough, you won’t qualify for that job, even if your AFQT is excellent.
This highlights the importance of understanding more than just your AFQT. You must also know how composite scores work, which subtests contribute to them, and how they align with different military careers.
The Army uses ten distinct composite scores to evaluate candidates for different MOS categories. Each composite score includes a specific mix of subtests, and each composite corresponds to a general field of military work. These are:
Many composite scores rely heavily on language skills, particularly those that include Word Knowledge and Paragraph Comprehension. These two subtests are often combined into a score called Verbal Expression (VE). The VE score is not simply the sum of WK and PC scores. Instead, raw scores from those subtests are added and then converted into a scaled VE score using a specific conversion chart.
VE plays an important role in calculating the following composite scores:
Improving your vocabulary and reading comprehension directly impacts your VE score and can increase your eligibility for many MOS options.
Once your ASVAB test is scored, your results are used to calculate your AFQT and all ten composite scores. Each MOS in the Army has a minimum required score in one or more of these composites. Recruiters use your scores to determine which jobs you’re eligible for.
For instance, a job in Army Intelligence may require high scores in the ST and GT composites. A mechanic position might require strong scores in MM or GM. If you meet the minimum composite scores for a given MOS, then you’re considered qualified for that job.
It’s important to note that qualifying does not guarantee you will get the job. Availability, the needs of the Army, and additional criteria (like security clearance or physical fitness) also play a role in final job assignment.
A smart way to study for the ASVAB is to consider the types of jobs you are most interested in. If you are aiming for a role that requires high technical aptitude, you should focus your efforts on the subtests that make up composites like EL or ST. If you’re more interested in clerical or administrative work, prioritize your verbal and math skills, since those affect your CL and GT scores.
For example, let’s say you are not interested in electronics or mechanical maintenance roles. You may choose to focus more on Arithmetic Reasoning, Mathematics Knowledge, Paragraph Comprehension, and Word Knowledge, since those are more relevant to the MOS paths you are considering.
This approach not only improves your chances of enlisting in the first place but also helps you qualify for jobs that align with your interests and strengths.
The ASVAB is a crucial tool for both enlistment and job placement in the Army. While the AFQT score determines whether you can join, your composite scores determine what you can do once you’re in. Understanding how these scores work gives you an edge and allows you to prepare strategically. In the next section, we will explore each of the ten composite scores in greater detail and connect them with actual Army MOS options, helping you understand the real-world implications of your ASVAB performance.
Each composite score within the Army is tailored to assess specific knowledge and skill areas. These groupings of ASVAB subtests reflect the practical demands of real Army jobs. In this section, we’ll break down each of the ten composite scores in detail and explore the roles they qualify you for. The goal is to help you understand not just how the scores are calculated, but what they mean in terms of career opportunities.
Composite scores are essential because each MOS has minimum qualifying scores across one or more of these groups. Knowing the content and purpose of each composite helps you aim your study plan strategically and increase your eligibility for the roles you want most.
Subtests Included:
The Clerical composite score evaluates a recruit’s capability in math and verbal reasoning skills essential in clerical, administrative, and human resources positions. High scores in the CL area suggest strength in data entry, paperwork management, filing systems, and general office support.
Common MOS Options:
If you’re aiming for a support role that involves clerical tasks or recordkeeping, the CL score is one of the most important composites to focus on. Strong performance here can lead to stable, structured job environments, often based in administrative offices.
Subtests Included:
The Combat composite assesses practical mechanical aptitude and reading comprehension, with emphasis on technical knowledge needed for direct-combat related equipment or field scenarios. This composite is vital for soldiers in frontline positions who must use, maintain, and understand weapons and vehicles in combat conditions.
Common MOS Options:
If you’re pursuing a combat role, it’s essential to have not only physical readiness but also mechanical understanding. These roles often involve operating complex gear under pressure, which is why technical scores play a role.
Subtests Included:
The EL composite is designed to measure technical and scientific aptitude, especially as it applies to electronics. If you are technically inclined and have a background in computers, wiring, circuitry, or engineering concepts, this composite will likely be one of your strengths.
Common MOS Options:
The Army relies heavily on complex communication and navigation systems. Scoring well in EL opens the door to specialized roles involving the installation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of electronic systems.
Subtests Included:
This composite measures your aptitude for mathematical thinking and mechanical systems, which are essential for operating field artillery. Soldiers in this category must understand trajectory, targeting, and the physics behind large-scale weaponry.
Common MOS Options:
Artillery roles require precision, timing, and mechanical skill. A strong FA score indicates you have the cognitive and technical ability to handle artillery equipment and coordinate fire missions.
Subtests Included:
The GM composite reflects a recruit’s overall technical and scientific knowledge, particularly in equipment maintenance. This composite is broader than the more narrowly focused mechanical or electronics scores and qualifies candidates for a wide range of maintenance MOS options.
Common MOS Options:
These jobs require practical skills and the ability to diagnose and repair problems across various mechanical systems, making GM a vital score for those interested in hands-on technical careers.
Subtests Included:
The GT composite is one of the most universally required scores across MOS fields. It reflects general reasoning and communication skills and is often used as a benchmark for reclassification or promotion eligibility. Many leadership and technical positions require a high GT score.
Common MOS Options:
The GT score can be the key to more selective and intellectually demanding positions. If your GT is high, your chances of qualifying for specialized training programs and faster advancement increase significantly.
Subtests Included:
This composite score measures a recruit’s mechanical aptitude and understanding of equipment, tools, and systems. It is used for roles focused on maintaining vehicles, aircraft, and heavy machinery.
Common MOS Options:
If you enjoy solving mechanical problems or working with your hands, the MM score will determine your qualification for some of the Army’s most essential mechanical support roles.
Subtests Included:
The OF composite is somewhat broader and includes logistics, transport, and culinary roles. This category doesn’t require as much scientific or mathematical knowledge, but it does depend on verbal understanding and mechanical awareness.
Common MOS Options:
If you’re more interested in support services or food operations, this composite score will be key in determining your eligibility.
Subtests Included:
The SC score emphasizes a blend of mechanical aptitude, technical understanding, and verbal communication skills. It is critical for roles involving surveillance technology and communication systems.
Common MOS Options:
These roles require precision, coordination, and quick processing of information, often under pressure.
Subtests Included:
The ST composite is a comprehensive technical score used for advanced roles in engineering, medical, and scientific fields. It requires solid academic performance across multiple subjects.
Common MOS Options:
Candidates pursuing highly technical or medical jobs in the Army will rely heavily on their ST scores. Strong performance here demonstrates both analytical and applied knowledge.
Each Army composite score serves a specific purpose and aligns with groups of military jobs that require different strengths. Understanding how your ASVAB subtest performance affects each composite score allows you to focus your preparation where it matters most. Knowing which MOS you’re aiming for can help you plan a more efficient and effective study strategy that boosts not just your AFQT but your eligibility for your desired job.
Understanding the structure of ASVAB composite scores is only the beginning. To fully grasp how your results shape your military career options, you need to know how those scores are calculated from your raw ASVAB performance. The military doesn’t simply average subtest results; instead, it uses a specific weighted and scaled process for converting raw scores into standardized composite scores.
In this section, we’ll guide you step-by-step through how ASVAB subtest results lead to composite scores, then explain how those composites match to real Army jobs.
Before calculating composite scores, it’s important to understand the types of scores you’ll receive after taking the ASVAB:
Let’s look at a sample set of standard scores from an ASVAB test:
Subtest | Score |
AR | 55 |
WK | 60 |
PC | 58 |
MK | 50 |
GS | 45 |
EI | 52 |
AS | 48 |
MC | 54 |
AO | 47 |
From here, we’ll calculate composite scores using the appropriate combinations of subtests for each line score.
Subtests Required:
Step 1: Calculate Verbal Expression (VE)
VE is calculated by combining the standard scores from WK and PC.
WK = 60
PC = 58
VE = 60 + 58 = 118
Step 2: Add Arithmetic Reasoning (AR)
AR = 55
GT = VE (118) + AR (55) = 173
Now apply a standard conversion chart (used by the military) to scale this combined number into a composite score. While exact scaling varies, a 173 raw GT total might convert to a GT composite score of approximately 114.
This score would qualify a candidate for many jobs requiring a GT of 110 or higher, such as:
Subtests Required:
From our sample:
AS = 48
EI = 52
MC = 54
Total = 48 + 52 + 54 = 154
Again, using a conversion table, this raw total might scale to an MM composite score of around 105.
This score could qualify you for roles like:
These positions involve significant hands-on repair work with engines, systems, and power units.
Subtests Required:
From our table:
AR = 55
MK = 50
PC = 58
WK = 60
Total = 55 + 50 + 58 + 60 = 223
Estimated scaled CL score: approximately 112
This would likely qualify for jobs like:
Administrative and clerical MOS roles often require CL scores in the range of 90–105 or higher.
Subtests Required:
From the scores:
GS = 45
MK = 50
MC = 54
PC = 58
WK = 60
Total = 45 + 50 + 54 + 58 + 60 = 267
Estimated scaled ST score: around 112–115
Qualifies for positions such as:
This example shows how consistent scores across multiple domains can open access to skilled technical MOS roles.
Every Army MOS has minimum composite score requirements. You must meet or exceed these to qualify. For example:
MOS | Required Composite Scores |
35P (Cryptologic Linguist) | GT: 110 |
91B (Wheeled Vehicle Mechanic) | MM: 87 |
92G (Culinary Specialist) | OF: 85 |
25U (Signal Support Systems Specialist) | EL: 93 |
31B (Military Police) | ST: 95, GT: 100 |
If your scores meet these numbers, you qualify academically for the job. Other factors—physical fitness, security clearance, and job availability—also play a part in the final assignment.
Knowing how the composite scores are built from subtests allows you to plan your study efforts more effectively:
Rather than trying to excel in every subject evenly, you can create a personalized study strategy based on the MOS roles you’re most interested in.
Once you’ve taken the ASVAB and received your score report, the first step is understanding what your numbers mean. While the AFQT score is often the first thing people look at, your future in the Army depends just as much, if not more, on your composite scores. These determine what Military Occupational Specialties (MOS) you qualify for.
In this final section, you’ll learn how to interpret your ASVAB results, match your strengths to compatible Army jobs, and develop a personalized study plan if you need to retake the test for a better score or a broader set of job options.
Your official ASVAB results will include several pieces of information:
Example ASVAB score summary:
Subtest | Standard Score |
AR (Arithmetic Reasoning) | 55 |
WK (Word Knowledge) | 50 |
PC (Paragraph Comprehension) | 52 |
MK (Mathematics Knowledge) | 48 |
GS (General Science) | 46 |
EI (Electronics Information) | 40 |
AS (Auto and Shop) | 42 |
MC (Mechanical Comprehension) | 45 |
AO (Assembling Objects) | 44 |
From these standard scores, your AFQT and the 10 composite scores are calculated. If you’re working with a recruiter, they will help interpret these. However, understanding it yourself gives you control over your career choices.
Once you have your scores, look at where you performed the strongest. You can use this information to identify what job categories you naturally fit into. Below are some general patterns:
Now compare your composite scores to the minimums required for the MOS jobs you’re interested in. If your scores are already above the thresholds, you’re qualified. If not, you can prepare to retest.
If your scores don’t qualify you for your desired role, retaking the ASVAB is often an option. Whether you’re improving an individual composite score or boosting your AFQT, you’ll need a focused approach.
Refer to the composite score formulas and identify which subtests influence the line scores you want to improve. For example:
There are multiple effective ways to prepare for the ASVAB:
If you’re planning to retake the test:
Retaking the ASVAB can significantly improve your composite scores and expand your MOS options, especially if you take your prep seriously and stay consistent.
While test scores determine your eligibility, your interests should still guide your decision-making. If you’re mechanically inclined but didn’t score well in MC or AS, studying these areas gives you a second chance at qualifying for jobs that suit your skills. If you’re naturally verbal but don’t enjoy clerical tasks, look at jobs that use your strengths differently, like intelligence or public affairs.
In some cases, candidates may discover through their ASVAB results that they’re better suited for MOS options they hadn’t considered. A low EL score might rule out electronics repair, but a strong GT and ST could open doors to positions in intelligence, logistics, or medical specialties.
This is also the time to speak with a recruiter and ask detailed questions:
Besides academic preparation, being familiar with the testing environment can increase your score. Tips for test day:
If you’re retesting specifically to qualify for a different MOS or meet higher standards, work closely with your recruiter to understand what composite scores you need to reach.
Here are some closing tips to maximize your ASVAB experience and Army career opportunities:
The ASVAB is more than a test—it’s a powerful tool that shapes your future in the Army. While the AFQT score determines whether you can enlist, it’s the composite scores that define which jobs you’re eligible for and how far you can go in your military career. Understanding how these scores are calculated and what they mean gives you an advantage, allowing you to prepare strategically rather than aim blindly. Whether you’re aiming for a technical, mechanical, clerical, or intelligence role, focusing on the right subtests can make all the difference. If your current scores don’t align with your goals, don’t be discouraged—view it as an opportunity to regroup, study smarter, and come back stronger. With the right mindset and preparation, you can not only qualify for the Army but also secure a role that matches your strengths and sets you up for long-term success.
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