Microsoft AZ-104 Microsoft Azure Administrator Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 1 Q1-20

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Question 1: 

You are tasked with creating a new Azure virtual machine (VM) to host a high-performance computing workload that requires low latency between VMs. Which deployment option is best suited for this scenario?

A) Standard VM in a single availability zone
B) VM scale set with multiple zones
C) VM in an availability set
D) Dedicated host with isolated VMs

Answer: C) VM in an availability set

Explanation:

An availability set ensures that VMs are distributed across multiple fault domains and update domains, providing high availability while keeping them physically close to each other, which minimizes latency. Availability sets are ideal for workloads where low latency between VMs is requireD) Standard VMs in a single zone don’t guarantee fault tolerance. VM scale sets distribute across zones for scalability rather than low-latency proximity. Dedicated hosts isolate hardware but are not primarily for inter-VM low latency.

Option A, a standard VM in a single availability zone, does not provide fault domain distribution and offers no guarantees regarding placement relative to other VMs, which could result in higher latency or downtime if the underlying hardware fails. Option B, a VM scale set with multiple zones, is designed for automatic scaling across multiple zones and regions for resilience, but spreading VMs across zones can introduce higher latency between instances. Option D, a dedicated host with isolated VMs, provides hardware isolation for compliance and security but does not specifically optimize low-latency communication between VMs. Therefore, deploying VMs in an availability set is the most suitable option for workloads requiring both high availability and low inter-VM latency.

Question 2:

Your company requires storage for archival data that must be accessed rarely but preserved for compliance purposes. Which Azure storage option provides the lowest cost for this scenario?

A) Azure Blob Hot tier
B) Azure Blob Cool tier
C) Azure Blob Archive tier
D) Azure File Premium tier

Answer: C) Azure Blob Archive tier

Explanation:

The Archive tier is the lowest-cost tier in Azure Blob Storage, intended for long-term storage of rarely accessed datA) Retrieval times are slower and incur higher costs, which is acceptable for compliance or archival purposes. Hot tier is for frequently accessed data, Cool tier is for infrequent access but not long-term archival, and File Premium tier is for high-performance file storage, which is expensive for archival.

Option A, the Azure Blob Hot tier, is intended for data that is accessed frequently and provides low-latency access. It is the most expensive tier in terms of storage cost, making it unsuitable for archival scenarios. Option B, the Azure Blob Cool tier, is optimized for data that is infrequently accessed but may still require relatively quick retrieval. While cheaper than the Hot tier, it is more expensive than the Archive tier and does not offer the same cost efficiency for long-term preservation. Option D, the Azure File Premium tier, is designed for high-performance file storage with low latency, which is ideal for workloads requiring fast I/O but not cost-efficient for archival datA) Therefore, the Archive tier is the most suitable choice for storing large volumes of compliance or archival data at minimal cost, where infrequent access and delayed retrieval are acceptable.

Question 3: 

You need to delegate specific administrative privileges to a group of users so they can manage only virtual networks in a subscription. Which Azure feature allows this?

A) Azure AD Conditional Access
B) Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
C) Azure Policy
D) Management Groups

Answer: B) Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Explanation:

RBAC in Azure allows you to assign roles to users, groups, and service principals with specific permissions to manage resources. In this case, assigning the Network Contributor role to a group enables them to manage virtual networks without granting broader administrative rights. Conditional Access is for access security policies, Azure Policy enforces rules but does not grant rights, and Management Groups organize subscriptions but don’t directly control access.

Option A, Azure AD Conditional Access, is designed to enforce access policies based on conditions such as device compliance, location, or risk level. While it can control whether a user can sign in or access a resource, it does not grant specific resource management rights. Option C, Azure Policy, enforces compliance and configuration rules on resources but does not assign permissions to users. Option D, Management Groups, are used to organize subscriptions into hierarchical structures for governance and policy application, but they do not directly control who can manage resources. Therefore, RBAC is the most appropriate Azure feature for delegating administrative privileges to a specific group for managing virtual networks, providing precise control while maintaining security.

Question 4: 

You have an Azure virtual network with multiple subnets. You need to ensure that resources in one subnet cannot communicate with resources in another subnet, while still allowing internet access. Which solution should you implement?

A) Network Security Group (NSG) with subnet-level rules
B) Azure Firewall with routing rules
C) Route Table with forced tunneling
D) Service Endpoint

Answer: A) Network Security Group (NSG) with subnet-level rules

Explanation:

NSGs allow you to filter inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet or NIC level. By creating rules that deny traffic between subnets and allow internet access, you can enforce segmentation. Azure Firewall provides centralized traffic control but is more complex and not strictly necessary for basic subnet isolation. Route tables are for routing, not filtering. Service Endpoints allow Azure services to be accessed privately, not for blocking subnet traffiC)

Option B, Azure Firewall with routing rules, provides centralized traffic inspection and filtering for both inbound and outbound traffic, including threat intelligence and application-level filtering. While it is a powerful solution for controlling traffic across multiple subnets or VNets, it is more complex and incurs additional cost. For the scenario of simple subnet isolation with continued internet access, using Azure Firewall would be overkill and unnecessarily complicateD)

Option C, Route Tables with forced tunneling, are primarily used to control the path of traffic leaving a subnet. For example, forced tunneling can redirect internet-bound traffic to an on-premises firewall or appliance. However, route tables do not provide filtering capabilities. They define where traffic should go, not whether it is allowed or denied, so they cannot prevent communication between subnets.

Option D, Service Endpoints, extend private connectivity to specific Azure services over the Azure backbone network. They allow resources in a subnet to securely reach services like Azure Storage or SQL Database, but they do not provide isolation or traffic blocking between subnets.

In conclusion, using a Network Security Group at the subnet level is the most appropriate solution for preventing inter-subnet communication while maintaining internet access. It provides precise, cost-effective traffic control and is simple to implement for this scenario.

Question 5: 

Your organization wants to implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all users signing into Azure. Which feature in Azure AD should you configure?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection
B) Azure AD Conditional Access
C) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management
D) Azure AD Access Reviews

Answer: B) Azure AD Conditional Access

Explanation:

Conditional Access policies in Azure AD allow administrators to require MFA based on specific conditions (e.g., location, device compliance). Identity Protection detects risks and recommends policies but does not enforce MFA by itself. Privileged Identity Management manages temporary elevated access. Access Reviews review access periodically but don’t enforce MFA in real time.

Option A, Azure AD Identity Protection, focuses on detecting potential security risks, such as compromised accounts or risky sign-ins, and provides recommendations on how to responD) While it can suggest MFA for risky sign-ins and help automate conditional access policies, it does not enforce MFA on its own for every login. Therefore, Identity Protection complements Conditional Access but is not sufficient for organization-wide MFA enforcement.

Option C, Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM), is designed to manage elevated administrative privileges in Azure AD and Azure resources. PIM allows users to have temporary access to privileged roles and can enforce MFA when activating these roles. However, it is primarily for privileged accounts and cannot enforce MFA for all users signing into Azure.

Option D, Azure AD Access Reviews, is a tool for periodically reviewing and certifying user access to applications and groups. While useful for compliance and ensuring that users have appropriate access, Access Reviews operate on a scheduled basis and do not provide real-time enforcement of MFA during sign-in.

In conclusion, configuring Conditional Access policies is the most effective and flexible method to enforce MFA for all users in Azure AD) It provides real-time enforcement, conditional flexibility, and integration with other security tools such as Identity Protection to strengthen organizational security while maintaining usability.

Question 6: 

You want to ensure that any new storage account created in a subscription must use HTTPS only. Which Azure feature should you use?

A) Azure Policy
B) RBAC
C) Azure Blueprint
D) Resource Locks

Answer: A) Azure Policy

Explanation:

Azure Policy enables administrators to enforce rules and compliance at scale. You can create a policy that requires storage accounts to allow only HTTPS connections. RBAC controls who can manage resources but does not enforce configuration rules. Azure Blueprint helps deploy compliant environments but doesn’t enforce ongoing compliance. Resource locks prevent deletion or modification but don’t enforce configuration settings.

Option B, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), is designed to control who has permissions to create, read, or modify resources in Azure. While RBAC is essential for limiting administrative access and adhering to the principle of least privilege, it does not enforce specific resource configuration settings, such as requiring HTTPS on storage accounts. RBAC ensures proper authorization but does not monitor or enforce compliance with security or operational standards.

Option C, Azure Blueprint, allows organizations to deploy compliant environments quickly by packaging resource templates, policies, and role assignments into a repeatable blueprint. Blueprints are useful for initial environment setup, but they do not enforce ongoing compliance for resources created outside of the blueprint deployment. Therefore, using a blueprint alone would not guarantee that future storage accounts follow the HTTPS requirement.

Option D, Resource Locks, are used to prevent accidental deletion or modification of critical resources. Locks can protect a storage account from being deleted or altered but cannot enforce security settings like secure transfer. They are useful for safeguarding resources but do not enforce configuration rules.

In conclusion, Azure Policy is the best solution to enforce HTTPS-only connections for all storage accounts in a subscription. It provides continuous compliance monitoring, automated enforcement, and ensures that organizational security standards are applied consistently across all resources, making it the most effective governance tool for this scenario.

Question 7: 

You are planning to deploy an application across multiple Azure regions to ensure resilience and low-latency access. Which feature helps replicate data automatically across regions?

A) Azure Site Recovery
B) Azure Backup
C) Azure Geo-Redundant Storage (GRS)
D) Availability Sets

Answer: C) Azure Geo-Redundant Storage (GRS)

Explanation:

GRS replicates data to a secondary region, providing high durability and regional resilience. Azure Site Recovery replicates VMs for disaster recovery, not general storage. Azure Backup creates point-in-time backups but doesn’t continuously replicate. Availability Sets protect against local failures in a single datacenter but don’t replicate across regions.

When planning to deploy an application across multiple Azure regions, ensuring both resilience and low-latency access requires a mechanism to replicate critical data across geographically separated locations. Azure Geo-Redundant Storage (GRS) is the ideal feature for this purpose. GRS automatically replicates your data to a secondary region, hundreds of miles away from the primary region, providing high durability and regional resilience. In the event of a regional outage, the data is still available in the secondary region, enabling applications to recover quickly and maintain continuity. GRS ensures that data is replicated asynchronously, balancing durability and performance for scenarios where long-term availability is critical. This replication is seamless to the application, allowing developers and administrators to rely on Azure for disaster recovery and compliance without needing to manage replication manually.

Option A, Azure Site Recovery, is designed to replicate entire virtual machines from one region to another for disaster recovery purposes. While it ensures business continuity for compute workloads, it is not a storage replication service and does not replicate Azure Blob or other storage data automatically. Site Recovery focuses on VM failover rather than ongoing data replication for application resilience.

Option B, Azure Backup, provides point-in-time backups for Azure resources, including VMs, SQL databases, and storage. Although it is essential for data protection and recovery, Azure Backup does not provide continuous or automatic replication across regions. Backup is typically scheduled and retained based on retention policies, making it suitable for recovery but not for real-time data availability in multiple regions.

Option D, Availability Sets, are used to protect virtual machines against local hardware failures within a single datacenter by distributing them across fault domains and update domains. They improve availability for VM workloads but do not replicate data or provide cross-region resilience.

In conclusion, Azure Geo-Redundant Storage is the most appropriate choice for replicating data automatically across regions. It provides continuous asynchronous replication, high durability, and protection against regional failures, making it a critical component for globally distributed applications that require resilience and low-latency access.

Question 8: 

You need to monitor Azure resources and send alerts if CPU utilization exceeds 80% for more than 5 minutes. Which Azure service should you use?

A) Azure Monitor
B) Azure Advisor
C) Log Analytics Workspace
D) Application Insights

Answer: A) Azure Monitor

Explanation:

Azure Monitor collects metrics, logs, and telemetry from resources, and allows you to create alerts based on thresholds (e.g., CPU > 80%). Azure Advisor provides recommendations, Log Analytics stores and queries logs but does not directly send alerts without Monitor integration, and Application Insights is mainly for application-level performance monitoring.

Option B, Azure Advisor, provides personalized best practice recommendations for Azure resources, including cost optimization, performance, security, and reliability. While Advisor can suggest improvements if a VM is underprovisioned or overutilized, it does not continuously monitor metrics in real time or send alerts when specific thresholds are exceedeD) It is advisory in nature and cannot be used as a direct monitoring and alerting solution.

Option C, Log Analytics Workspace, is a central repository for storing and querying log data from Azure resources. It allows complex queries to analyze trends, detect anomalies, and correlate events. However, Log Analytics alone does not generate alerts; it must be integrated with Azure Monitor to trigger notifications. While it is a powerful tool for in-depth analysis, it is not sufficient by itself for automated real-time alerting.

Option D, Application Insights, is designed for monitoring the performance, usage, and errors of applications. It collects telemetry such as response times, request rates, exceptions, and dependencies for applications hosted on Azure or on-premises. Although it provides alerts for application-level metrics, it is not suitable for monitoring infrastructure metrics like CPU utilization on virtual machines or other general Azure resources.

In conclusion, Azure Monitor is the most effective and direct solution for monitoring resource metrics and sending alerts based on defined thresholds. It combines real-time monitoring, alerting, and integration with various notification channels, enabling administrators to respond quickly to performance issues and maintain the health of their Azure environment.

Question 9: 

Your company wants to restrict users from creating VMs larger than 4 vCPUs in a subscription. Which Azure feature allows you to enforce this?

A) Azure Policy
B) Management Group
C) RBAC
D) Azure Resource Lock

Answer: A) Azure Policy

Explanation:

Azure Policy allows administrators to enforce resource properties, such as limiting VM sizes. RBAC controls access but cannot enforce configuration rules. Management Groups organize subscriptions hierarchically but don’t enforce limits. Resource Locks prevent deletion or modification, not size restrictions.

Option B, Management Groups, are used to organize multiple subscriptions into a hierarchical structure for governance purposes. While management groups allow policies and role assignments to be applied across multiple subscriptions, they do not enforce resource-specific configuration rules by themselves. They act as a container for applying policies or RBAC at scale but cannot directly restrict VM sizes without an accompanying policy.

Option C, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), is used to control who can create, modify, or delete resources in Azure. While RBAC can restrict users from having the ability to create VMs altogether or grant them limited permissions for resource management, it cannot enforce specific properties of the resources, such as size, CPU count, or storage configuration. RBAC focuses on access rights rather than configuration compliance.

Option D, Azure Resource Locks, are designed to prevent accidental deletion or modification of critical resources. While locks provide protection against unintentional changes, they do not control the configuration of newly created resources. Resource locks cannot enforce constraints such as limiting the number of vCPUs or specific VM sizes.

In conclusion, Azure Policy is the most effective and precise solution for enforcing organizational standards related to resource configurations. By using Azure Policy to restrict VM sizes, administrators can maintain compliance, optimize costs, and ensure that users cannot deploy VMs that exceed organizational limits, all while maintaining granular control over the subscription environment.

Question 10:

You are troubleshooting a connectivity issue where VMs in a virtual network cannot reach the internet. You check the network configuration and notice no public IP is assigned to the VMs. Which solution can resolve this?

A) Assign a public IP to each VM
B) Deploy an Azure Firewall
C) Implement a Network Security Group
D) Create a VPN Gateway

Answer: A) Assign a public IP to each VM

Explanation:

Without a public IP or NAT configuration, VMs cannot reach the internet directly. Assigning a public IP allows outbound traffiC) Azure Firewall provides centralized outbound control but doesn’t inherently provide internet access. NSGs filter traffic but don’t provide IP addresses. VPN Gateways connect on-premises networks but don’t automatically enable internet access.

When virtual machines (VMs) in an Azure virtual network cannot reach the internet, a common cause is the absence of a public IP address or a network address translation (NAT) mechanism. Public IP addresses provide VMs with a routable address that enables them to communicate directly with external endpoints on the internet. Without a public IP or a NAT configuration such as an Azure Load Balancer with outbound rules, VMs are limited to internal communication within the virtual network and cannot send outbound requests to the internet. Assigning a public IP to each VM resolves this issue by giving each VM a unique external address for direct outbound connectivity. This is the simplest and most direct solution for enabling internet access when there is no requirement for centralized NAT or outbound routing.

Option B, deploying an Azure Firewall, provides centralized control over inbound and outbound traffic and includes capabilities such as threat intelligence, application-level filtering, and logging. However, Azure Firewall does not automatically provide internet access for VMs. VMs still need a route to the firewall and an outbound configuration, and if no public IP or NAT is configured, traffic from the VMs cannot reach the internet even with a firewall in place. Therefore, while Azure Firewall enhances security and monitoring, it does not inherently resolve the connectivity problem caused by missing public IPs.

Option C, implementing a Network Security Group (NSG), is used to filter inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet or network interface level. NSGs can allow or block specific ports, protocols, or IP ranges but do not assign public IP addresses. NSGs are essential for controlling traffic flow and enforcing security policies, but they cannot provide a route to the internet if the VM has no external IP.

Option D, creating a VPN Gateway, allows secure site-to-site or point-to-site connectivity between on-premises networks and Azure virtual networks. VPN Gateways facilitate private connectivity, not general internet access. Deploying a VPN Gateway will not solve the issue of VMs requiring direct outbound internet connectivity.

In conclusion, the most direct and effective solution is to assign a public IP address to each VM, enabling them to communicate with internet resources directly. This approach ensures immediate outbound connectivity, while other solutions such as firewalls, NSGs, or VPN gateways can complement security and connectivity strategies but do not inherently provide internet access.

Question 11:

You need to automate resource deployments in Azure using templates. Which format is used for defining Azure resources declaratively?

A) ARM templates (JSON)
B) Terraform scripts (HCL)
C) PowerShell scripts (PS1)
D) Azure CLI commands

Answer: A) ARM templates (JSON)

Explanation:

Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates are JSON files used to declaratively define resources and dependencies. Terraform is a third-party tool and uses HCL, PowerShell scripts are procedural and imperative, and Azure CLI commands are command-based rather than declarative.

To automate resource deployments in Azure using templates, the recommended approach is to use Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates, which are defined in JSON format. ARM templates allow administrators and developers to declare the desired state of Azure resources such as virtual machines, storage accounts, virtual networks, and databases. By using a declarative approach, you specify what resources and configurations are required, and Azure Resource Manager takes care of how to create them, including managing dependencies between resources. This ensures consistent, repeatable deployments, reduces human error, and supports automation at scale. ARM templates can be version-controlled, parameterized, and linked with deployment pipelines, making them ideal for infrastructure-as-code scenarios and complex environments.

Option B, Terraform scripts, is a popular third-party infrastructure-as-code tool that uses the HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL). While Terraform can provision Azure resources effectively and supports multi-cloud deployments, it is not native to Azure and requires additional tooling and configuration. Terraform uses a different syntax and lifecycle management process compared to ARM templates, and although it is declarative, it is an external dependency rather than a built-in Azure service.

Option C, PowerShell scripts (PS1), provide a procedural, imperative way to create and manage Azure resources. With PowerShell, administrators write scripts that execute step-by-step instructions to provision resources. While powerful and flexible, PowerShell scripts require manual control over the sequence of operations and are not inherently declarative. This can make repeatable and idempotent deployments more complex compared to using ARM templates.

Option D, Azure CLI commands, are command-line instructions used to create and manage Azure resources interactively or in scripts. Similar to PowerShell, Azure CLI is procedural and requires explicit commands for each action. While it is useful for automation in scripts, it does not offer the same declarative, template-driven approach as ARM templates.

In conclusion, ARM templates in JSON format are the most appropriate choice for declaratively defining and automating Azure resources. They provide consistency, repeatability, and automation capabilities, making them ideal for scalable deployments and DevOps practices, whereas Terraform, PowerShell, and Azure CLI serve as procedural or third-party alternatives.

Question 12: 

You want to configure Azure AD to allow users to reset their passwords without IT intervention. Which feature should you enable?

A) Self-Service Password Reset (SSPR)
B) Conditional Access
C) Privileged Identity Management
D) Azure AD Identity Protection

Answer: A) Self-Service Password Reset (SSPR)

Explanation:

SSPR allows users to reset their passwords without administrator assistance, reducing helpdesk workloaD) Conditional Access enforces access policies, PIM manages temporary elevated permissions, and Identity Protection detects risks but doesn’t directly provide password reset functionality.

Option B, Conditional Access, is a feature in Azure AD that controls access to applications and resources based on specific conditions, such as user location, device compliance, or risk levels. While Conditional Access can require multi-factor authentication or block access under certain conditions, it does not provide functionality for users to reset their passwords independently.

Option C, Privileged Identity Management (PIM), is designed to manage and control elevated administrative privileges in Azure AD and Azure resources. PIM allows users to request temporary access to privileged roles and enforces MFA when activating these roles. However, it does not address routine user account password resets and is focused on managing administrative permissions rather than general user account maintenance.

Option D, Azure AD Identity Protection, is a tool that detects and mitigates potential security risks, such as compromised accounts or risky sign-ins. It can provide alerts and recommendations, and it can enforce policies such as requiring password changes when a risk is detecteD) However, Identity Protection does not directly provide self-service password reset functionality for everyday use by all users.

In conclusion, Self-Service Password Reset (SSPR) is the most appropriate feature to enable in Azure AD for allowing users to reset their passwords without IT intervention. It improves user productivity, reduces administrative overhead, and can be configured to meet organizational security requirements, making it an essential feature for modern, self-service identity management.

Question 13: 

You need to deploy multiple identical VMs that can scale automatically based on CPU usage. Which Azure feature supports this requirement?

A) VM Scale Sets
B) Availability Sets
C) Resource Groups
D) Azure Automation

Answer: A) VM Scale Sets

Explanation:

VM Scale Sets allow you to deploy and manage identical VMs and automatically scale in or out based on metrics like CPU utilization. Availability Sets provide redundancy but don’t scale automatically. Resource Groups are logical containers, and Azure Automation is for operational tasks, not VM scaling.

Option B, Availability Sets, provide high availability for virtual machines by distributing them across multiple fault domains and update domains. This ensures that if a physical server or datacenter component fails, at least one VM remains operational. While Availability Sets are essential for redundancy and minimizing downtime, they do not support automatic scaling based on performance metrics. They only ensure that VMs are resilient to hardware failures within a single region.

Option C, Resource Groups, are logical containers used to organize Azure resources such as VMs, storage accounts, and networks. Resource Groups help manage access, policies, and billing for resources, but they do not provide any functionality for scaling virtual machines automatically. They are organizational tools rather than features for managing performance or workload elasticity.

Option D, Azure Automation, is designed to automate operational tasks in Azure, such as applying updates, running scripts, or managing configuration compliance. While Azure Automation can be used to trigger tasks based on schedules or events, it does not natively provide autoscaling for virtual machines in response to performance metrics.

In conclusion, VM Scale Sets are the most appropriate solution for deploying multiple identical VMs with automatic scaling. They combine elasticity, high availability, and integration with load balancing, making them ideal for handling variable workloads while optimizing resource utilization and cost. Other features like Availability Sets, Resource Groups, and Azure Automation serve complementary purposes but cannot fulfill the requirement for automatic scaling.

Question 14:

 You want to implement encryption at rest for Azure Storage Accounts. Which setting should you configure?

A) Storage Service Encryption (SSE)
B) Azure Key Vault Firewall
C) NSG Rules
D) Azure Policy

Answer: A) Storage Service Encryption (SSE)

Explanation:

SSE encrypts data at rest automatically using Microsoft-managed or customer-managed keys. Azure Key Vault stores keys but does not encrypt storage data directly. NSGs control traffic, and Azure Policy enforces rules but doesn’t perform encryption itself.

Option B, Azure Key Vault Firewall, is designed to restrict access to Azure Key Vaults based on IP address ranges or virtual networks. While Key Vault is used to securely store encryption keys, secrets, and certificates, configuring a firewall on a Key Vault does not encrypt storage account data by itself. It only controls which clients can connect to the vault to retrieve keys or secrets. To implement encryption for storage accounts, the keys stored in Key Vault would need to be integrated with SSE or another encryption mechanism.

Option C, Network Security Group (NSG) rules, are used to control inbound and outbound network traffic to Azure resources. NSGs operate at the subnet or network interface level, allowing administrators to filter traffic by protocol, port, or IP address. While NSGs are essential for network security, they do not provide encryption for data at rest and cannot protect the content of storage accounts.

Option D, Azure Policy, is used to enforce rules and compliance standards across Azure resources. While you can create policies to ensure that Storage Service Encryption is enabled on new or existing storage accounts, Azure Policy itself does not perform the encryption. It only monitors and enforces configuration compliance.

In conclusion, Storage Service Encryption (SSE) is the primary feature for encrypting data at rest in Azure Storage Accounts. It provides seamless, transparent encryption using either Microsoft-managed or customer-managed keys, ensuring data security, compliance, and operational simplicity. Other tools like Key Vault, NSGs, and Azure Policy complement encryption by managing keys, access, and compliance but do not perform encryption directly.

Question 15: 

You need to recover a deleted Azure resource group accidentally removed by a user. Which Azure feature provides the ability to restore it?

A) Azure Resource Locks
B) Soft Delete
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Backup

Answer: B) Soft Delete

Explanation:

Soft Delete enables recovery of deleted resources like Azure Key Vault objects, Storage blobs, and SQL databases. Resource Locks prevent accidental deletion if applied beforehanD) Azure Policy enforces rules but cannot restore deleted resources. Azure Backup protects data but not the resource group itself unless individual resources are backed up.

Option A, Azure Resource Locks, are used to prevent accidental deletion or modification of critical resources. If a lock is applied prior to deletion, it can stop a user from deleting a resource group or its contents. However, locks are preventative measures and do not provide the ability to recover a resource that has already been deleteD) Locks are essential for protecting high-value resources but are not a recovery mechanism.

Option C, Azure Policy, allows administrators to enforce organizational standards and compliance rules across subscriptions and resource groups. Policies can ensure that certain configurations are applied to resources and prevent non-compliant deployments, but they do not provide a mechanism for restoring deleted resources. Policies monitor and enforce rules rather than act as a recovery solution.

Option D, Azure Backup, is designed to protect data for VMs, SQL databases, and storage accounts through point-in-time backups. While Azure Backup can restore individual resources to a previous state, it does not directly restore an entire resource group unless all individual resources were backed up beforehanD) Backup is a proactive data protection tool rather than a solution for recovering resource groups after deletion.

In conclusion, Soft Delete provides the most direct method for recovering deleted Azure resources that support this feature. While Resource Locks, Azure Policy, and Azure Backup play important roles in prevention, governance, and data protection, Soft Delete specifically enables recovery after accidental deletion, making it the most suitable option for restoring important resources within Azure.

Question 16: 

You are tasked with designing a hybrid identity solution that allows on-premises Active Directory users to authenticate to Azure AD) Which Azure service should you use?

A) Azure AD Connect
B) Azure AD Domain Services
C) Azure AD B2C
D) Privileged Identity Management

Answer: A) Azure AD Connect

Explanation:

Azure AD Connect synchronizes on-premises Active Directory accounts with Azure AD, enabling hybrid identity and SSO. Azure AD Domain Services provides domain services in the cloud without on-prem AD, B2C is for external customer identities, and PIM manages privileged access.

Option B, Azure AD Domain Services, provides managed domain services in Azure, such as domain join, group policy, and LDAP/NTLM/Kerberos authentication, without the need to deploy domain controllers in the clouD) While useful for scenarios where you need domain services for Azure VMs or legacy applications, Azure AD Domain Services does not synchronize or extend an existing on-premises AD environment for hybrid authentication. It is primarily designed for workloads that require domain capabilities in the cloud without a direct dependency on on-premises AD)

Option C, Azure AD B2C, is a cloud identity service tailored for external customer-facing applications. It allows organizations to manage identities for consumers or clients and supports social logins like Google or Facebook. Azure AD B2C is not intended for internal employee authentication or hybrid identity scenarios.

Option D, Privileged Identity Management (PIM), is a security feature for managing elevated administrative roles in Azure AD and Azure resources. PIM allows users to request temporary access to privileged roles and enforces policies such as multi-factor authentication, but it does not provide account synchronization or hybrid authentication capabilities.

In conclusion, Azure AD Connect is the key service for implementing hybrid identity solutions. It ensures that on-premises Active Directory users can authenticate to Azure AD, supports single sign-on, and provides flexible authentication options. Other services like Azure AD Domain Services, B2C, and PIM serve specialized purposes but do not facilitate hybrid identity integration with on-premises Active Directory.

Question 17: 

You need to enforce tagging policies on all resources in a subscription to track costs. Which Azure feature allows you to enforce this?

A) Azure Policy
B) RBAC
C) Resource Locks
D) Azure Monitor

Answer: A) Azure Policy

Explanation:

Azure Policy can enforce mandatory tags on resources during creation. RBAC controls access, Resource Locks prevent deletion or modification, and Azure Monitor tracks metrics but cannot enforce tags.

Option B, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), is used to manage who can perform actions on Azure resources. RBAC allows administrators to grant or restrict access to resources based on roles, such as contributor, reader, or owner. While RBAC is essential for controlling permissions, it does not enforce resource configurations, including tagging. Users with the correct permissions could still deploy untagged resources unless a separate enforcement mechanism, such as Azure Policy, is useD)

Option C, Resource Locks, prevent accidental deletion or modification of Azure resources. Locks can protect resources by applying read-only or delete restrictions, but they do not influence resource properties or metadata, including tags. Locks are a safeguard for resource integrity rather than a tool for enforcing governance rules.

Option D, Azure Monitor, provides monitoring, logging, and alerting capabilities for Azure resources. While Azure Monitor can collect metrics and detect changes, it does not enforce tagging policies or prevent resources from being created without tags. It is primarily focused on performance and health monitoring rather than governance or compliance.

In conclusion, Azure Policy is the most appropriate solution for enforcing tagging standards on Azure resources. It provides automated, scalable, and subscription-wide compliance, ensuring that all resources adhere to organizational requirements, which supports accurate cost management and governance. Other features like RBAC, Resource Locks, and Azure Monitor are useful for permissions, protection, and monitoring but cannot enforce tagging policies directly.

Question 18: 

Your organization wants to ensure that virtual machines are deployed with a specific OS version. Which feature enforces this across the subscription?

A) Azure Policy
B) Azure Blueprint
C) RBAC
D) Resource Locks

Answer: A) Azure Policy

Explanation:

Azure Policy can restrict VM deployment to specific images or versions, ensuring compliance across the subscription. Blueprints deploy compliant environments initially but don’t enforce ongoing compliance automatically. RBAC controls access, and Resource Locks prevent modification or deletion but not OS version enforcement.

Option B, Azure Blueprint, is designed to deploy compliant environments in a repeatable manner. Blueprints can include resource templates, policies, and RBAC assignments to quickly provision environments that meet organizational standards. However, while Blueprints are useful for initial deployments, they do not automatically enforce ongoing compliance for resources created outside the blueprint deployment. Users could still deploy VMs that do not match the required OS version unless a policy is also in place.

Option C, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), manages who has permission to create, modify, or delete resources. While RBAC can prevent unauthorized users from deploying VMs, it cannot enforce specific configurations like OS versions. Permissions control access but do not ensure compliance with resource properties.

Option D, Resource Locks, prevent accidental deletion or modification of resources. Locks are effective for safeguarding critical resources, but they do not influence configuration settings such as OS versions. Locks are a protective measure, not a governance enforcement tool.

In conclusion, Azure Policy is the most effective solution for enforcing specific OS versions across virtual machine deployments. It provides continuous, subscription-wide enforcement, ensuring compliance with organizational standards, while Blueprints, RBAC, and Resource Locks serve complementary purposes for deployment, access control, and resource protection but cannot enforce OS version compliance by themselves.

Question 19: 

You need to provide a developer with read-only access to Azure subscriptions, including viewing all resources but not modifying them. Which role should you assign?

A) Reader
B) Contributor
C) Owner
D) User Access Administrator

Answer: A) Reader

Explanation:

The Reader role allows viewing all resources in a subscription without modification rights. Contributor can create or modify resources. Owner has full control, including assigning roles. User Access Administrator manages access but doesn’t affect resource modification rights.

Question 20: 

You are designing a disaster recovery solution for on-premises VMs to Azure. Which service provides replication and recovery of entire VMs to Azure in case of site failure?

A) Azure Site Recovery
B) Azure Backup
C) Azure Blob Storage
D) Azure Policy

Answer: A) Azure Site Recovery

Explanation:

Azure Site Recovery (ASR) replicates on-premises VMs to Azure, allowing for failover in case of disaster. Azure Backup protects data and VM states but doesn’t provide failover capability. Blob Storage stores unstructured data, and Azure Policy enforces rules.