Microsoft AZ-500 Azure Security Technologies Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 4 Q61-80

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Question 61:

You need to ensure that only users accessing Azure resources from compliant devices can access sensitive data in Azure Storage accounts. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access Policies with device compliance
B) Azure Policy
C) Network Security Groups
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Conditional Access Policies with device compliance

Explanation:

Conditional Access Policies in Azure Active Directory allow organizations to enforce access control based on the security posture of user devices. By requiring device compliance, administrators can ensure that only devices that meet Intune compliance policies—such as having encryption enabled, up-to-date antivirus, and the latest OS updates—are allowed to access sensitive storage accounts.

When a user attempts to access the Azure Storage account, the Conditional Access policy evaluates the device’s compliance status. If the device is non-compliant, access is blocked, and the user is prompted to remediate the issue, such as updating software or enrolling in device management. This ensures that sensitive data is accessed only from trusted devices, reducing the risk of data breaches from compromised or unmanaged endpoints.

Option B, Azure Policy, enforces compliance on Azure resources but cannot evaluate the security posture of connecting devices. Policies target resource configuration rather than user access based on device state.

Option C, Network Security Groups, filter traffic based on IP addresses, ports, or protocols but cannot enforce device compliance. NSGs protect the network perimeter but are not capable of evaluating endpoint security.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, manages secrets and encryption keys but does not control access based on device compliance.

Implementing Conditional Access Policies with device compliance ensures that sensitive storage accounts are protected by dynamically evaluating the trustworthiness of devices attempting access. The approach strengthens data security, supports regulatory requirements, and provides visibility into access attempts and compliance status. Monitoring and logging features allow security teams to track access patterns, investigate potential threats, and enforce security governance efficiently across the organization.

Question 62:

You need to ensure that all administrative changes in your Azure subscription are logged and retained for at least one year for compliance purposes. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Monitor diagnostic settings with Log Analytics
B) Azure Policy
C) Network Security Groups
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Monitor diagnostic settings with Log Analytics

Explanation:

Azure Monitor allows organizations to collect, store, and analyze logs from all Azure resources, including administrative operations. By configuring diagnostic settings to send activity logs to a Log Analytics workspace, all actions such as role assignments, resource creation or deletion, and configuration changes are captured and retained according to retention policies.

Storing logs in Log Analytics ensures that the data is available for auditing, compliance, and forensic investigations. Organizations can define queries to detect suspicious activity, monitor trends, and generate alerts. Integration with Azure Sentinel enables advanced threat detection and automated response for any anomalous or unauthorized administrative activity.

Option B, Azure Policy, enforces compliance but does not provide auditing or log retention of administrative actions. Policies validate configurations but do not store detailed logs over time.

Option C, Network Security Groups, manage network traffic and cannot track administrative activity.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not log administrative changes within the Azure subscription.

By implementing Azure Monitor diagnostic settings with Log Analytics, organizations gain comprehensive visibility into administrative activity, maintain compliance with retention requirements, and enable auditing and incident response. The solution provides centralized logging across subscriptions, ensuring consistency and accountability. It also supports reporting and forensic analysis, allowing organizations to demonstrate governance and regulatory adherence while improving operational security and reducing risk.

Question 63:

You need to ensure that Azure SQL Database access is encrypted and that all sensitive database operations are auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Transparent Data Encryption with auditing enabled
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Transparent Data Encryption with auditing enabled

Explanation:

Azure SQL Database provides Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) to protect data at rest and auditing to track sensitive operations. TDE encrypts the database, associated backups, and transaction logs automatically without requiring changes to the application. Encryption ensures that unauthorized users cannot access data even if the underlying storage is compromised.

Enabling auditing captures detailed logs of database activities such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE operations, role assignments, login attempts, and schema changes. These audit logs can be stored in a Log Analytics workspace, Event Hubs, or a storage account, providing long-term retention for compliance purposes. Administrators can monitor for suspicious access, analyze patterns, and generate alerts for potentially unauthorized activity.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network access but do not encrypt data or provide detailed auditing.

Option C, Azure Policy, can enforce configuration rules but cannot perform runtime encryption or auditing.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, can manage encryption keys for customer-managed TDE but does not itself provide auditing or database encryption.

By implementing Transparent Data Encryption with auditing enabled, organizations ensure that database data is protected from unauthorized access and that all sensitive operations are logged for compliance. The solution supports regulatory requirements, helps detect potential security breaches, and provides a basis for forensic investigation. Combined with monitoring tools and centralized log management, TDE and auditing strengthen database security while maintaining operational efficiency and transparency.

Question 64:

You need to detect and respond to brute-force attacks targeting Azure virtual machines’ RDP and SSH ports. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access
B) Network Security Groups only
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access

Explanation:

Just-in-Time (JIT) VM Access, a feature of Azure Defender for Servers, allows administrators to temporarily open management ports (RDP for Windows and SSH for Linux) only when required. By limiting the exposure of these ports, JIT significantly reduces the attack surface for brute-force attacks and unauthorized access attempts.

When JIT is enabled, administrators or automation scripts request temporary access, specifying allowed IP addresses and the duration of access. The system automatically updates firewall rules to permit access for the requested period and revokes them when the session expires. This ensures that VMs are not continuously exposed to the internet, mitigating the risk of brute-force attacks while maintaining operational flexibility.

Option B, Network Security Groups, can restrict traffic but cannot dynamically manage temporary access or automatically revoke permissions. NSGs alone cannot provide JIT functionality or protect against targeted attacks efficiently.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces compliance and configuration standards but does not monitor or protect against real-time attacks.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets and keys but does not protect VM management ports or prevent brute-force attacks.

By implementing Azure Defender for Servers with JIT VM Access, organizations reduce the likelihood of successful attacks against administrative ports while maintaining controlled access for legitimate users. This solution provides real-time protection, auditability of access requests, and seamless integration with Azure Security Center for monitoring and reporting. Automated revocation of access minimizes exposure, while detailed logging enables investigation of attempted attacks, ensuring a proactive and resilient security posture.

Question 65:

You need to enforce that Azure Storage accounts are configured to prevent data exfiltration to untrusted networks while allowing access from trusted resources only. Which solution should you implement?

A) Storage account network rules with virtual network and IP restrictions
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Storage account network rules with virtual network and IP restrictions

Explanation:

Azure Storage accounts provide network-level controls to limit access to trusted networks. By configuring storage account firewall rules, administrators can allow traffic only from specific virtual networks, subnets, or IP address ranges. This prevents unauthorized access from the public internet and minimizes the risk of data exfiltration to untrusted networks.

Virtual network integration with service endpoints or private endpoints ensures that traffic remains on the Azure backbone, providing secure connectivity without exposing the storage account publicly. IP restrictions allow fine-grained control over which external clients or on-premises networks can access resources. This layered approach supports zero-trust principles and regulatory compliance by restricting access to authorized and controlled environments.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter traffic at the subnet or VM level but cannot directly enforce restrictions at the storage account level. NSGs complement storage account rules but cannot fully prevent exfiltration from the storage account itself.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit and enforce configuration standards but cannot provide runtime network-level access restrictions for storage accounts.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures keys and secrets but does not control storage account network access. Key Vault is complementary if encryption keys are used but does not enforce network isolation.

By implementing storage account network rules with virtual network and IP restrictions, organizations ensure that sensitive data remains accessible only to authorized and trusted resources. This approach reduces exposure to external threats, mitigates risks of data leakage, and enforces a secure, auditable environment. Combined with monitoring and diagnostic logging, administrators gain visibility into access attempts, detect anomalies, and maintain compliance with security standards.

Question 66:

You need to enforce encryption for all Azure SQL Databases using customer-managed keys and ensure that key rotation is auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys in Key Vault
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Monitor

Answer:

A) Transparent Data Encryption with customer-managed keys in Key Vault

Explanation:

Azure SQL Database supports Transparent Data Encryption (TDE), which encrypts data at rest. By using customer-managed keys (CMK) stored in Azure Key Vault, organizations retain full control over the encryption keys, including creation, rotation, and auditing. CMK enables compliance with regulatory and corporate policies that require ownership of encryption keys and full visibility of key usage.

With TDE and CMK, databases and their backups are encrypted automatically without application changes. Key rotation policies in Key Vault allow scheduled or manual rotation of encryption keys, which helps maintain security hygiene and reduces the risk of key compromise. Audit logs in Key Vault record every key access, creation, modification, and rotation event, providing traceability for compliance purposes.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network traffic but do not encrypt database content or manage encryption keys.

Option C, Azure Policy, can enforce the use of CMK for SQL Databases but cannot perform the actual encryption or rotation of keys. Policies support governance but rely on the underlying encryption mechanism.

Option D, Azure Monitor, provides logging and monitoring but does not enforce encryption or key management.

By implementing Transparent Data Encryption with CMK in Key Vault, organizations ensure strong encryption for databases, maintain control over cryptographic keys, and meet compliance requirements. This approach provides automated protection for both data at rest and backups, integrates audit logging for key usage, and supports operational security through controlled key rotation. Using CMK in combination with TDE ensures that only authorized administrators can manage encryption keys, minimizing the risk of unauthorized access or accidental exposure of sensitive data.

Question 67:

You need to ensure that Azure virtual machines are protected from malware and suspicious processes and that alerts are generated for detected threats. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection

Explanation:

Azure Defender for Servers provides real-time threat detection and endpoint protection for virtual machines. By enabling endpoint protection, VMs are monitored for malware, ransomware, suspicious processes, and unauthorized configuration changes. Alerts are generated automatically when threats are detected, allowing administrators to investigate and remediate issues quickly.

Defender integrates with Microsoft Antimalware and Windows Defender for Windows VMs, while Linux VMs receive comparable threat detection capabilities. Security recommendations, alerting, and reporting are centralized in Azure Security Center, giving security teams full visibility across subscriptions and resources. Defender also supports integration with SIEM solutions like Azure Sentinel, enabling automated responses such as isolating compromised VMs, blocking suspicious processes, or notifying administrators.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control traffic but cannot detect malware or monitor processes running on VMs.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces compliance rules but cannot provide runtime threat detection.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not provide endpoint protection or alerting for virtual machines.

By implementing Azure Defender for Servers with endpoint protection, organizations gain proactive security for virtual machines. Continuous monitoring, automated threat alerts, and integration with centralized security management tools ensure that potential risks are identified and mitigated promptly. This approach supports operational security, compliance reporting, and reduces the likelihood of breaches, while maintaining system performance and integrity.

Question 68:

You need to enforce that all Azure storage accounts only accept requests over HTTPS and block all requests from non-compliant clients. Which solution should you implement?

A) Require secure transfer in storage account configuration
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Require secure transfer in storage account configuration

Explanation:

Azure Storage accounts provide a secure transfer option that enforces HTTPS for all incoming requests. Enabling this setting ensures that data in transit is encrypted using TLS, protecting it from interception and eavesdropping. Any HTTP requests are automatically rejected, guaranteeing that only secure connections are allowed.

Secure transfer is a key requirement for regulatory compliance in industries handling sensitive data. It prevents data leaks or unauthorized access caused by insecure network protocols. Administrators can combine secure transfer with access keys, shared access signatures, or Azure AD-based authentication to further protect storage accounts and control access.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter traffic based on IP addresses, ports, or protocols but cannot enforce HTTPS for storage accounts. NSGs are complementary but do not provide transport-level encryption.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit whether secure transfer is enabled, but enabling secure transfer is required at the storage account configuration level. Policies support governance but do not enforce runtime protocol security.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures keys but does not enforce HTTPS connections for storage accounts.

By implementing secure transfer in storage account configuration, organizations ensure that all data transmitted to and from storage accounts is encrypted and protected from network threats. This approach provides a strong security guarantee, supports compliance, and reduces exposure to interception attacks. Combined with monitoring and auditing, it enables administrators to track and remediate non-compliant requests, enhancing the overall security posture of storage services.

Question 69:

You need to detect anomalous user behavior in Azure Active Directory, such as impossible travel or sign-ins from atypical locations. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with risk detection
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with risk detection

Explanation:

Azure AD Identity Protection provides behavioral analytics and risk-based detection for user accounts. It monitors authentication events and analyzes patterns such as impossible travel, sign-ins from unusual locations, atypical device usage, and multiple failed login attempts. Risk levels are assigned to users and sign-ins, enabling administrators to identify potentially compromised accounts in real-time.

Identity Protection can enforce automated remediation, including requiring multi-factor authentication, blocking access, or forcing password resets for high-risk users. Integration with Conditional Access allows organizations to dynamically adjust access policies based on risk levels. This reduces the likelihood of account compromise while maintaining user productivity.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter network traffic but cannot analyze user behavior or detect anomalies in authentication patterns.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces resource compliance but does not monitor user activity or evaluate risk.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not provide behavioral monitoring or risk-based detection for accounts.

By implementing Azure AD Identity Protection with risk detection, organizations proactively identify suspicious activity, mitigate identity-based threats, and ensure access policies are applied dynamically based on real-time risk assessment. Detailed logs support auditing, compliance reporting, and forensic investigation. Combining risk detection with automated remediation and conditional access strengthens the security posture of the organization and protects sensitive resources from unauthorized access.

Question 70:

You need to ensure that only approved applications can access Azure Key Vault secrets and that all access is logged for auditing purposes. Which solution should you implement?

A) Key Vault access policies with Azure AD authentication
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Transparent Data Encryption

Answer:

A) Key Vault access policies with Azure AD authentication

Explanation:

Azure Key Vault provides fine-grained access control to secrets, keys, and certificates through access policies and Azure Active Directory authentication. By configuring access policies, administrators can grant permissions only to specific users, groups, or applications. Azure AD authentication ensures that identities are verified before they can retrieve secrets, mitigating the risk of unauthorized access.

All Key Vault access requests are logged in Azure Monitor or sent to a Log Analytics workspace, providing a detailed audit trail. Logs capture who accessed what secret, when, and from which application, supporting compliance and forensic investigation. Integration with conditional access policies allows additional controls, such as restricting access to trusted networks or requiring multi-factor authentication.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter network traffic but do not enforce identity-based access control to Key Vault or provide auditing of secret access.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit Key Vault configuration but cannot control runtime access or generate detailed audit logs.

Option D, Transparent Data Encryption, protects data at rest but does not manage access to secrets or provide auditing for Key Vault operations.

By implementing Key Vault access policies with Azure AD authentication, organizations ensure that only authorized applications and users can access sensitive secrets. Audit logs enable compliance monitoring, investigation of access attempts, and regulatory reporting. This approach provides both strong access control and visibility, reducing the risk of data breaches and ensuring secure management of critical credentials and cryptographic keys.

Question 71:

You need to ensure that all Azure virtual machines are deployed with encrypted OS and data disks, and that the encryption keys are managed by your organization. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Disk Encryption with customer-managed keys
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Transparent Data Encryption

Answer:

A) Azure Disk Encryption with customer-managed keys

Explanation:

Azure Disk Encryption (ADE) allows organizations to encrypt virtual machine operating system and data disks using BitLocker for Windows and DM-Crypt for Linux. By using customer-managed keys (CMK) stored in Azure Key Vault, administrators maintain full control over the encryption keys, including creation, rotation, and auditing. This provides strong protection for data at rest and satisfies regulatory requirements that mandate organizational control over encryption keys.

ADE integrates seamlessly with virtual machines and does not require changes to the applications running on them. Encryption is transparent and ensures that backups, snapshots, and disk clones are encrypted using the same keys. Key rotation policies in Key Vault allow scheduled rotation, maintaining security hygiene and reducing exposure in case a key is compromised. Audit logs in Key Vault track all operations on the encryption keys, ensuring traceability and compliance.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network traffic but do not encrypt disks.

Option C, Azure Policy, can enforce that ADE with CMK is enabled but cannot perform the actual encryption. Policies support governance but rely on underlying encryption mechanisms to enforce compliance.

Option D, Transparent Data Encryption, encrypts SQL databases at rest but does not apply to VM disks.

By implementing Azure Disk Encryption with customer-managed keys, organizations ensure strong encryption for all VM disks, maintain control over cryptographic keys, and achieve compliance with regulatory and corporate standards. The solution minimizes the risk of data exposure, supports auditing and reporting, and integrates with governance policies to enforce consistent security practices across the subscription. Combining ADE with monitoring and alerts enables operational oversight, ensuring that any failures or unauthorized access attempts are detected and mitigated promptly.

Question 72:

You need to monitor security alerts and suspicious activities across multiple Azure subscriptions and respond automatically to mitigate risks. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Sentinel with automated playbooks
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Sentinel with automated playbooks

Explanation:

Azure Sentinel is a cloud-native security information and event management (SIEM) system with security orchestration, automation, and response (SOAR) capabilities. By collecting logs and telemetry from multiple subscriptions, Sentinel provides centralized monitoring, detection of threats, and automated responses to incidents.

Automated playbooks allow security teams to define workflows that trigger in response to specific alerts. For example, if a suspicious sign-in or potential compromise is detected, Sentinel can automatically disable user accounts, revoke access tokens, isolate compromised resources, or notify security teams. Machine learning and correlation across multiple sources enable identification of sophisticated threats, reducing false positives and providing actionable insights.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter traffic but do not monitor security events or automate incident responses.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces configuration compliance but does not provide real-time threat detection or automation.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures keys and secrets but does not monitor security events or respond to threats.

By implementing Azure Sentinel with automated playbooks, organizations gain proactive monitoring and response capabilities. The solution provides visibility across subscriptions, correlates events for faster detection, and enables automated mitigation to reduce risk exposure. Detailed logging and analytics support forensic investigations, compliance reporting, and continuous improvement of security posture. Sentinel’s automation reduces manual intervention, accelerates incident response, and ensures that critical alerts are addressed promptly while maintaining operational efficiency.

Question 73:

You need to enforce that only approved ARM templates are deployed in a subscription and prevent non-compliant deployments. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Policy with a policy initiative
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Key Vault
D) Role-Based Access Control

Answer:

A) Azure Policy with a policy initiative

Explanation:

Azure Policy enables organizations to enforce compliance rules for resource deployments. By creating a policy or an initiative (a group of related policies), administrators can define which Resource Manager templates are approved and deny deployment of non-compliant templates. This ensures consistency in resource configuration, security standards, and operational practices across a subscription.

Policy initiatives simplify management by grouping multiple policies together, allowing administrators to enforce comprehensive standards such as approved VM sizes, required tags, allowed regions, and template restrictions simultaneously. Non-compliant deployments can either be audited for review or automatically denied, depending on organizational requirements. This approach reduces misconfigurations, improves security, and supports regulatory compliance by ensuring only approved templates are used.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network traffic but cannot enforce deployment standards for templates.

Option C, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets and keys but does not manage template deployment compliance.

Option D, Role-Based Access Control, manages who can deploy resources but cannot enforce which templates or configurations are allowed.

By implementing Azure Policy with a policy initiative, organizations achieve centralized governance, enforce standardization, and reduce operational risk. Policies provide reporting and auditing to demonstrate compliance, while automated remediation ensures that violations are addressed consistently. This solution integrates with Azure Security Center and monitoring tools to provide visibility into non-compliant deployments, helping administrators maintain a secure, reliable, and auditable Azure environment.

Question 74:

You need to protect Azure virtual machines from brute-force attacks on RDP and SSH ports and limit access to only authorized users. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access
B) Network Security Groups only
C) Azure Policy
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with Just-in-Time VM Access

Explanation:

Just-in-Time (JIT) VM Access, a feature of Azure Defender for Servers, allows organizations to temporarily open RDP and SSH ports only when needed. By minimizing the exposure of these management ports to the internet, JIT reduces the attack surface and protects against brute-force attacks.

When a user requests access to a VM, JIT evaluates the request, allowing access from specified IP addresses for a defined time period. Once the session expires, access is automatically revoked. This ensures that VMs are not continuously exposed, while still allowing authorized administrative operations. Alerts and audit logs track JIT access requests, providing visibility and compliance reporting.

Option B, Network Security Groups, can filter traffic but cannot dynamically manage temporary access or protect VMs against targeted attacks effectively.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces resource compliance but does not provide real-time protection for exposed ports.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not protect management ports or prevent brute-force attacks.

By implementing Azure Defender for Servers with JIT VM Access, organizations enhance VM security, reduce risk from unauthorized access, and maintain operational control. Automated revocation, detailed logging, and integration with Security Center or Sentinel provide centralized monitoring and auditability. This layered security approach balances accessibility and security, ensuring that only legitimate users can access management ports while minimizing exposure to attacks.

Question 75:

You need to ensure that only trusted applications can access Azure Key Vault secrets and that all access is auditable. Which solution should you implement?

A) Key Vault access policies with Azure AD authentication
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Transparent Data Encryption

Answer:

A) Key Vault access policies with Azure AD authentication

Explanation:

Azure Key Vault provides fine-grained access control for secrets, keys, and certificates using access policies and Azure Active Directory authentication. Access policies specify which users, groups, or applications can retrieve or manage secrets. By integrating with Azure AD, Key Vault ensures that only authenticated and authorized applications can access sensitive data, preventing unauthorized use.

All access requests are logged and can be sent to Azure Monitor or Log Analytics for auditing and compliance. Logs capture details about who accessed which secret, when, and from which application, providing traceability for investigations, regulatory reporting, and internal security monitoring. Conditional Access policies can further enforce access restrictions, such as limiting access to specific networks or requiring multi-factor authentication.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network traffic but do not provide identity-based access control or auditing for Key Vault.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit Key Vault configuration but cannot enforce runtime access or logging of operations.

Option D, Transparent Data Encryption, encrypts data at rest but does not control access to secrets or provide auditing capabilities.

By implementing Key Vault access policies with Azure AD authentication, organizations protect sensitive secrets from unauthorized access, enforce strict identity-based access controls, and maintain detailed audit logs. This approach ensures compliance with regulatory requirements, improves visibility and accountability, and strengthens overall security for critical credentials and cryptographic keys.

Question 76:

You need to ensure that all Azure Storage accounts are configured to prevent public access and that only trusted networks can connect. Which solution should you implement?

A) Storage account firewall rules with virtual network and IP restrictions
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Storage account firewall rules with virtual network and IP restrictions

Explanation:

Azure Storage accounts provide network-level access controls to protect against unauthorized access. By configuring firewall rules and virtual network integration, administrators can allow only trusted virtual networks, subnets, or specific IP addresses to access the storage account. Public access can be disabled entirely, ensuring that resources are not exposed to the internet.

Virtual network service endpoints or private endpoints provide secure communication over the Azure backbone, ensuring that traffic does not traverse public networks. This approach minimizes the risk of data exfiltration, unauthorized access, or brute-force attacks. Storage account diagnostic logging can track access attempts, providing detailed audit trails for compliance and forensic investigations.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network traffic at the subnet or VM level but cannot enforce storage account-level restrictions. NSGs are complementary but do not provide the granular access control needed to restrict storage account connectivity.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit and enforce compliance but does not provide runtime access control or prevent unauthorized network connections.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets and keys but does not control storage account network access.

By implementing storage account firewall rules with virtual network and IP restrictions, organizations ensure that sensitive data is only accessible from trusted sources. This approach provides network isolation, supports compliance requirements, and reduces exposure to security threats. Combined with logging and monitoring, administrators gain visibility into access attempts and potential breaches, enhancing the overall security posture of the storage infrastructure.

Question 77:

You need to ensure that only Azure virtual machines with endpoint protection installed can connect to a critical application backend. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access Policies with device compliance
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Conditional Access Policies with device compliance

Explanation:

Conditional Access Policies in Azure Active Directory can enforce device compliance for access to sensitive resources. By defining policies that require devices to have endpoint protection installed and compliant with organizational standards, administrators ensure that only trusted and secure VMs can connect to critical backend applications.

Device compliance can include checks for antivirus status, disk encryption, OS patching, and security configurations. When a VM attempts to connect, Conditional Access evaluates its compliance state. Non-compliant devices are blocked from accessing resources until remediation occurs. This ensures that workloads and sensitive data are protected from potential malware or compromised endpoints.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network traffic but cannot enforce security posture or endpoint protection compliance.

Option C, Azure Policy, enforces resource configuration compliance but cannot evaluate the runtime security status of VMs accessing applications.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not enforce endpoint compliance or access to backend applications.

By implementing Conditional Access Policies with device compliance, organizations ensure that only secure, verified VMs interact with critical applications. This approach strengthens security by enforcing a zero-trust model, enhances compliance reporting, and reduces the risk of malware propagation or unauthorized access. Integration with logging and monitoring enables administrators to detect compliance violations and remediate issues proactively, maintaining operational security and continuity.

Question 78:

You need to ensure that all Azure virtual machines are automatically assessed for vulnerabilities and that high-severity risks are reported to security teams. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Defender for Servers with vulnerability assessment
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Defender for Servers with vulnerability assessment

Explanation:

Azure Defender for Servers provides continuous vulnerability assessment for virtual machines. By enabling this feature, security teams can scan VMs for missing patches, insecure configurations, outdated software, and known vulnerabilities. High-severity risks are flagged in Security Center, generating alerts and recommendations for remediation.

Defender integrates with endpoint protection, threat detection, and monitoring to provide a comprehensive security posture. Automated reports can prioritize vulnerabilities based on severity, potential impact, and compliance requirements. The service supports both Windows and Linux VMs, ensuring consistent assessment across heterogeneous environments. Vulnerability assessment findings can also be integrated with SIEM tools like Azure Sentinel for centralized management and incident response.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter network traffic but do not perform vulnerability scanning.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit configuration compliance but cannot detect runtime vulnerabilities or missing patches.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not perform vulnerability assessment.

By implementing Azure Defender for Servers with vulnerability assessment, organizations proactively identify security gaps, reduce the risk of exploitation, and maintain compliance with industry and regulatory standards. Centralized reporting and automated remediation guidance enable security teams to respond quickly, reducing exposure to threats. Integration with monitoring, alerting, and ticketing systems supports operational efficiency, ensuring that vulnerabilities are tracked and mitigated in a timely manner.

Question 79:

You need to ensure that Azure SQL Databases are only accessed over secure connections and that all login attempts are logged for auditing purposes. Which solution should you implement?

A) Enforce TLS connections with auditing enabled
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Enforce TLS connections with auditing enabled

Explanation:

Azure SQL Database supports enforcing TLS connections to ensure that all client-server communication is encrypted. This protects data in transit from interception or eavesdropping. By enabling auditing, administrators can track login attempts, failed logins, database modifications, and other activities. Audit logs can be sent to storage accounts, Log Analytics, or Event Hubs for long-term retention and compliance reporting.

Auditing combined with TLS enforcement ensures both confidentiality and accountability. Administrators can review logs for unusual access patterns, suspicious activity, or compliance violations. Integration with monitoring and alerting systems provides proactive detection and response to potential security incidents.

Option B, Network Security Groups, control network traffic but cannot enforce encrypted connections or log database activity.

Option C, Azure Policy, can audit configuration settings but does not enforce encryption or runtime logging of database access.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures keys and secrets but does not provide TLS enforcement or auditing for SQL Database connections.

By enforcing TLS connections with auditing enabled, organizations ensure that database communications are secure and fully auditable. This approach supports regulatory compliance, reduces the risk of data breaches, and provides detailed forensic data for investigation. Continuous monitoring and alerting help administrators maintain a secure environment, identify anomalies, and respond to incidents efficiently, strengthening the overall security posture of Azure SQL Database workloads.

Question 80:

You need to ensure that all administrative actions in your Azure environment are logged and retained for compliance and forensic investigations. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure Monitor activity logs with Log Analytics
B) Network Security Groups
C) Azure Policy only
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer:

A) Azure Monitor activity logs with Log Analytics

Explanation:

Azure Monitor activity logs capture all administrative operations performed on Azure resources, including resource creation, deletion, configuration changes, and role assignments. By sending these logs to Log Analytics, organizations can retain them for extended periods, perform queries, and analyze administrative activities for compliance and forensic purposes.

Activity logs provide a comprehensive record of who performed actions, when they were performed, and which resources were affected. This supports regulatory audits, internal investigations, and incident response. Integration with Azure Sentinel or alerting workflows allows organizations to detect unauthorized activity, generate notifications, and trigger automated remediation actions.

Option B, Network Security Groups, filter traffic but do not log administrative actions or provide audit trails.

Option C, Azure Policy, can enforce compliance but does not track administrative operations or retain detailed logs.

Option D, Azure Key Vault, secures secrets but does not provide auditing of Azure administrative actions.

By implementing Azure Monitor activity logs with Log Analytics, organizations ensure complete visibility and accountability for administrative actions. Detailed logging enables compliance reporting, forensic investigations, and security incident analysis. Long-term retention supports historical audits, trend analysis, and detection of suspicious patterns over time. Combined with alerting and monitoring, this approach ensures that administrative operations are transparent, auditable, and aligned with organizational security and governance requirements.