Is Earning VMware NSX-T Certification Worth It in 2025

As the IT landscape evolves, network virtualization and security are becoming essential components of any organization’s infrastructure. In this context, VMware NSX-T has emerged as a key technology, revolutionizing the way networks are designed, deployed, and managed. The growing need for agile, scalable, and secure network solutions positions NSX-T as a critical tool in the modern IT toolkit. The question many IT professionals are asking in 2025 is whether acquiring VMware NSX-T expertise is a worthwhile endeavor, given the technology’s growing influence and the industry’s increasing recognition of its strategic role in managing complex network environments.

What Is VMware NSX-T?

VMware NSX-T is a next-generation network virtualization and security platform. Designed to create a fully software-defined network infrastructure, NSX-T allows for the management of virtualized networks independent of the underlying hardware. This capability enables organizations to design more flexible, scalable, and secure network architectures that are better aligned with the dynamic needs of modern applications and cloud environments.

NSX-T’s core capabilities include the creation, deletion, and management of virtual networks, as well as advanced features such as micro-segmentation, load balancing, and VPN services. One of the key strengths of NSX-T is its ability to support multiple environments, including traditional virtualized data centers, multi-cloud infrastructures, and containerized applications. This versatility makes NSX-T an ideal solution for organizations embracing digital transformation and shifting toward more flexible, cloud-centric architectures.

Network Virtualization and Its Role in Modern IT

Network virtualization, the foundation of NSX-T, abstracts physical network components into virtualized layers that can be managed independently of the hardware they run on. This abstraction allows IT teams to deploy, configure, and manage networks in a more agile and efficient manner. In a world where IT environments are becoming increasingly complex, network virtualization provides the flexibility needed to support diverse workloads, ranging from legacy systems to cutting-edge cloud-native applications.

The demand for network virtualization has surged in recent years, largely driven by the rise of cloud computing and the need for dynamic, scalable IT infrastructures. As organizations transition to multi-cloud environments and embrace containerized applications, the need for sophisticated network management solutions that can operate across these diverse platforms has become critical. VMware NSX-T, with its ability to support multiple cloud environments and container orchestration systems, has positioned itself as a leading solution in this space.

The Strategic Value of VMware NSX-T Expertise

In today’s competitive IT landscape, proficiency in cutting-edge technologies like NSX-T can offer a significant advantage. As organizations adopt more complex network architectures, professionals skilled in network virtualization and security are in high demand. The ability to design, deploy, and manage NSX-T-powered networks opens up a wide range of career opportunities, from network engineers to security specialists and cloud architects.

Moreover, NSX-T’s role in enhancing security cannot be overstated. One of its most important features is micro-segmentation, which allows organizations to enforce granular security policies at the workload level. This capability is crucial in an era where cyber threats are becoming more sophisticated, and traditional network security measures are no longer sufficient. By isolating network traffic and applying security policies at the granular level, NSX-T helps reduce attack surfaces and protect sensitive data from breaches.

The Role of NSX-T in a Multi-Cloud World

As businesses increasingly adopt multi-cloud strategies, the need for unified network management across different cloud environments has never been more pressing. VMware NSX-T is designed with this multi-cloud approach in mind, offering the ability to create consistent networking and security policies across diverse platforms. This includes private clouds, public clouds, and hybrid cloud environments, making NSX-T a powerful tool for organizations seeking to streamline their operations and maintain consistency across their infrastructures.

The flexibility of NSX-T in supporting multi-cloud environments is particularly valuable as organizations continue to embrace a variety of cloud platforms, such as public cloud services and private cloud solutions. By enabling organizations to manage their networks in a uniform manner, regardless of the underlying cloud architecture, NSX-T ensures that businesses can maintain the same level of security, performance, and efficiency across all their environments.

Understanding NSX-T’s Impact on Security and Automation

Another area where NSX-T shines is in its ability to automate network provisioning and management tasks. Network automation is becoming increasingly important as organizations strive to reduce operational costs, improve efficiency, and accelerate the deployment of new services. NSX-T’s automation capabilities allow network engineers to deploy and manage virtual networks more quickly and with fewer manual interventions, thus freeing up time for other critical tasks.

In addition to automation, NSX-T’s micro-segmentation feature provides a powerful layer of security for modern IT infrastructures. By applying fine-grained security policies at the workload level, NSX-T reduces the attack surface of the network and helps prevent lateral movement by attackers within the network. This level of security is critical in protecting sensitive data and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements.

The ability to automate routine network tasks while maintaining high levels of security and performance makes NSX-T an invaluable tool for organizations looking to streamline their operations. This combination of automation and security is one of the key reasons why VMware NSX-T has become a vital part of many IT environments.

The Path to Mastering NSX-T

For IT professionals looking to build expertise in VMware NSX-T, there are numerous certification paths available. These certifications are designed to validate a professional’s ability to design, deploy, and manage NSX-T-powered environments, providing a clear progression from foundational knowledge to expert-level proficiency.

At the entry level, certifications like the VMware Certified Technical Associate (VCTA) and VMware Certified Professional (VCP) in Network Virtualization provide the foundational knowledge necessary for professionals to begin working with NSX-T technologies. These certifications cover key areas such as network virtualization fundamentals, installation, configuration, and management of NSX-T environments.

For more advanced professionals, VMware offers the VMware Certified Advanced Professional (VCAP) certifications, which focus on deployment and design. The VCAP-Network Virtualization Deploy certification is aimed at professionals specializing in the deployment of NSX-T, while the VCAP-Network Virtualization Design certification is tailored for experts in network architecture and design.

At the highest level, the VMware Certified Design Expert (VCDX) certification is the pinnacle of achievement for NSX-T professionals. This prestigious credential recognizes individuals who have demonstrated unparalleled expertise in designing and implementing complex VMware solutions, including NSX-T environments.

Certification Paths and Professional Development with VMware NSX-T

In the rapidly evolving world of network virtualization and security, VMware NSX-T has emerged as a critical skill set for IT professionals. As organizations increasingly adopt software-defined networking (SDN) and cloud environments, the need for experts in technologies like NSX-T grows. For those aiming to specialize in VMware’s network virtualization solutions, VMware offers a structured and comprehensive certification path designed to validate expertise at every stage of professional development. Whether you are an entry-level technician or an experienced network architect, there is a certification that can help demonstrate your proficiency in NSX-T.

VMware NSX-T Certification Overview

VMware’s certification program for NSX-T is designed to accommodate a range of professionals with varying levels of expertise, from beginners to experts. These certifications provide professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to implement, manage, and design network virtualization solutions in complex IT environments. The program is comprehensive, covering everything from the basics of network virtualization to advanced topics such as micro-segmentation and multi-cloud network design.

Each certification level is tailored to a specific audience, ensuring that professionals are equipped with the right knowledge for their current roles and career goals. Let’s break down the key certifications offered by VMware for NSX-T professionals.

Entry-Level Certifications: Building a Strong Foundation

For those just beginning their journey into network virtualization and NSX-T, VMware offers the VMware Certified Technical Associate – Network Virtualization (VCTA-NV) and VMware Certified Professional – Network Virtualization (VCP-NV) certifications. These entry-level certifications lay the foundation for more advanced study and career growth.

VMware Certified Technical Associate – Network Virtualization (VCTA-NV)

The VCTA-NV certification is aimed at individuals who are new to network virtualization and have limited experience with VMware technologies. It provides foundational knowledge of network virtualization concepts, as well as the basics of VMware NSX-T. Candidates for this certification will demonstrate their ability to manage virtualized network environments and deploy the core NSX-T features. Topics covered include network fundamentals, installation and configuration of NSX-T, and managing virtual networks.

The VCTA-NV certification serves as a stepping stone for those wishing to pursue more advanced roles in network virtualization and security. It equips professionals with the core competencies necessary to work effectively in network virtualization environments, making it an excellent starting point for anyone looking to build their expertise in VMware technologies.

VMware Certified Professional – Network Virtualization (VCP-NV)

Building on the foundation established by the VCTA-NV, the VCP-NV certification is designed for IT professionals who want to gain a deeper understanding of NSX-T and network virtualization. It is suitable for individuals responsible for configuring, managing, and troubleshooting NSX-T environments.

The VCP-NV exam covers topics such as deploying NSX-T Data Center products, configuring network components, and managing virtual networks. Additionally, candidates are expected to have practical experience with NSX-T’s core capabilities, such as creating logical switches, routers, and firewalls, and configuring security policies.

Achieving the VCP-NV certification signals that an individual has the necessary skills to effectively manage and troubleshoot NSX-T environments. This certification is recognized as a standard credential for professionals seeking network virtualization roles, and it serves as a prerequisite for the more advanced VCAP certifications.

Advanced Certifications: Specializing in Network Design and Deployment

For professionals looking to deepen their expertise in NSX-T, VMware offers the VMware Certified Advanced Professional (VCAP) certifications. These certifications focus on specific areas of network virtualization, including deployment and design.

VMware Certified Advanced Professional – Network Virtualization Deploy (VCAP-NV Deploy)

The VCAP-NV Deploy certification is intended for experienced network virtualization professionals who specialize in the deployment and configuration of NSX-T environments. Candidates for this certification must have a comprehensive understanding of NSX-T’s features and be able to deploy them in complex network environments.

This certification examines the ability to implement NSX-T features such as logical routing, network security, VPNs, and load balancing. Additionally, candidates must demonstrate their skills in deploying NSX-T in multi-cloud environments and managing the solution in large-scale environments. This certification is designed for professionals who are responsible for the operational side of NSX-T deployments.

Achieving the VCAP-NV Deploy certification is an important step for professionals wishing to specialize in NSX-T deployment, and it opens up a range of career opportunities in network virtualization and cloud networking.

VMware Certified Advanced Professional – Network Virtualization Design (VCAP-NV Design)

While the VCAP-NV Deploy certification focuses on the deployment of NSX-T, the VCAP-NV Design certification is geared toward individuals specializing in the design of NSX-T-powered virtual networks. This certification requires professionals to have a deep understanding of NSX-T’s capabilities and design principles.

Candidates for the VCAP-NV Design certification are expected to design and architect network virtualization solutions that meet the specific requirements of an organization’s IT environment. This includes designing security policies, implementing network automation, and ensuring that the network architecture is scalable and flexible. The certification also tests the candidate’s ability to design NSX-T environments that integrate with existing network infrastructure and meet organizational needs.

This certification is ideal for network architects and professionals who are responsible for designing and planning complex NSX-T deployments. The VCAP-NV Design certification demonstrates advanced expertise in network design and positions individuals as leaders in the field of network virtualization.

Expert-Level Certification: Mastering NSX-T

At the highest level of VMware’s certification hierarchy is the VMware Certified Design Expert – Network Virtualization (VCDX-NV) certification. This elite credential recognizes individuals who have demonstrated exceptional expertise in designing and deploying complex NSX-T solutions.

VMware Certified Design Expert – Network Virtualization (VCDX-NV)

The VCDX-NV certification is the most prestigious certification available for NSX-T professionals. It is intended for individuals who design, build, and manage NSX-T-based solutions in large-scale environments. Achieving the VCDX-NV certification requires candidates to pass a rigorous review process, which includes presenting and defending a detailed design for a complex VMware solution.

Candidates are expected to have mastered not only the technical aspects of NSX-T but also the design and implementation of large-scale solutions that meet organizational goals. This certification demonstrates the ability to design highly available, scalable, and secure network architectures that support a wide range of business objectives.

The VCDX-NV certification is recognized as the highest level of achievement in VMware network virtualization and is reserved for the most experienced professionals. It is an excellent credential for individuals who wish to take on leadership roles in network architecture and design, and it is often considered a requirement for top-tier positions in enterprise IT environments.

Community and Educational Resources for Mastering VMware NSX-T

For professionals aspiring to master VMware NSX-T, the journey does not end with earning a certification. To truly harness the full potential of this advanced network virtualization and security technology, continuous learning, hands-on experience, and access to community support are key success factors. VMware provides a variety of educational resources and a vibrant community where professionals can grow their expertise, troubleshoot issues, and engage with others in the field.

In this section, we’ll explore the available learning tools, community engagement platforms, and other resources that can support your journey in mastering VMware NSX-T. Whether you are a beginner starting with basic concepts or an advanced professional aiming to fine-tune your skills, these resources are designed to help you achieve your goals.

VMware Learning Platform

The VMware Learning Zone is one of the most comprehensive resources available for professionals looking to advance their skills in VMware NSX-T. The Learning Zone offers a range of courses, including on-demand video tutorials, hands-on labs, and instructor-led training sessions. These courses are specifically designed to help candidates prepare for VMware NSX-T certifications, providing in-depth coverage of both basic and advanced concepts.

On-Demand Training and Video Courses

The on-demand video courses available through VMware Learning Zone offer flexibility for professionals with varying schedules. These courses are organized by certification level, ensuring that you can progress from foundational knowledge to more specialized topics. For example, entry-level courses focus on the core features of NSX-T, while advanced courses dive into topics such as multi-cloud deployment, automation, and security policies.

By accessing these on-demand resources, professionals can learn at their own pace and revisit complex topics as needed. The video tutorials cover everything from installing and configuring NSX-T to configuring micro-segmentation and load balancing. Additionally, many courses include practical demonstrations that allow learners to gain hands-on experience with NSX-T features.

Hands-On Labs

The hands-on labs provided through VMware Learning Zone are particularly valuable for gaining real-world experience. These labs offer interactive environments where you can practice deploying and managing NSX-T without the need for setting up your own hardware or virtualized environment. The labs allow you to work with real NSX-T configurations, gaining practical experience with tasks such as configuring network security, setting up virtual switches, and creating load balancers.

The hands-on labs bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world application, ensuring that professionals are not just familiar with NSX-T concepts but are also equipped to work with the technology in live environments.

Instructor-Led Training

For those who prefer a more structured learning environment, VMware also offers instructor-led training courses. These courses are led by VMware experts and provide an interactive, classroom-like experience. Instructor-led training is particularly useful for professionals who benefit from personalized guidance and the ability to ask questions during the learning process.

The instructor-led courses typically cover a variety of topics, from basic network virtualization concepts to advanced NSX-T deployments. By participating in these courses, learners can receive direct feedback and insights from experts, enhancing their understanding of NSX-T’s capabilities.

VMware Community Engagement

One of the most valuable resources for anyone pursuing expertise in VMware NSX-T is the VMware Community. The VMware Community is a vibrant and active platform where IT professionals from around the world can connect, share knowledge, and solve problems together. Whether you’re troubleshooting an issue, seeking advice on best practices, or looking to learn from other professionals’ experiences, the VMware Community is an invaluable resource.

Official VMware Community Forums

The VMware Community forums are a central hub for asking questions, engaging in discussions, and finding solutions to common challenges. Users can post specific questions related to NSX-T and receive responses from fellow professionals, VMware experts, and certified trainers. These forums cover a wide range of topics, from installation and configuration issues to more advanced troubleshooting scenarios.

Engaging with the VMware Community forums can help you gain a deeper understanding of NSX-T and stay up to date with the latest developments in the technology. Additionally, it’s a great way to build a network of peers who can offer insights and support throughout your learning journey.

VMware User Groups (VMUG)

Another excellent resource for networking and learning is the VMware User Group (VMUG). These user groups are organized locally and globally, offering a space for VMware enthusiasts, professionals, and experts to come together and exchange ideas. VMUG events often feature webinars, training sessions, and networking opportunities, where you can interact with other professionals and learn about new trends in NSX-T and network virtualization.

VMUG also provides access to exclusive resources, including webinars and presentations from VMware experts, as well as discounts on VMware training courses and certifications. Joining a VMUG is an excellent way to stay engaged with the broader VMware community and keep up with emerging technologies in the networking and virtualization space.

VMware Knowledge Base and Documentation

VMware provides an extensive Knowledge Base and documentation for NSX-T that is a must-have resource for professionals looking to deepen their technical expertise. The documentation includes detailed guides, deployment best practices, troubleshooting steps, and configuration instructions, covering everything from the basics to advanced topics like security integration and multi-cloud networking.

The VMware NSX-T Documentation is an essential reference for anyone working with the platform. It’s updated regularly to reflect new features, patches, and improvements. By consulting this documentation regularly, professionals can ensure that they are working with the most up-to-date information and best practices.

VMware Certification Study Groups

For individuals preparing for VMware NSX-T certification exams, study groups offer a structured approach to learning and exam preparation. These study groups bring together individuals with similar goals, allowing them to collaborate on practice exams, share study materials, and discuss complex topics. Study groups are a great way to stay motivated and focused during your certification preparation.

There are both official VMware-sponsored study groups and independent community-led groups. VMware’s official study groups often feature expert-led sessions and guided review material, while community-led groups can offer peer-to-peer support and informal study sessions. Participating in a study group can help you stay on track and increase your chances of success when taking the certification exams.

Additional Educational Resources

Beyond VMware’s own offerings, there are several other resources available to professionals seeking to deepen their NSX-T expertise. Online training platforms such as Udemy, LinkedIn Learning, and Pluralsight often feature VMware NSX-T courses created by experienced professionals. These courses provide an alternative way to learn about NSX-T, often offering practical, real-world examples and scenarios.

Additionally, many professionals benefit from purchasing official VMware books and guides. These texts often provide detailed, step-by-step instructions on configuring and managing NSX-T, as well as troubleshooting tips and advanced deployment strategies.

The Continuing Value of VMware NSX-T Expertise in 2025 and Beyond

As the technology landscape evolves, the role of network virtualization becomes increasingly vital to the way modern IT infrastructures are designed and operated. VMware NSX-T has proven itself as a leading solution in the realm of software-defined networking (SDN), and its relevance is set to continue growing in 2025 and beyond. With businesses across industries relying on multi-cloud environments, enhanced security measures, and scalable solutions to meet the demands of modern applications, VMware NSX-T has established itself as a cornerstone technology for organizations navigating this complex digital transformation.

In this section, we will explore why VMware NSX-T remains a valuable skill for IT professionals, the ongoing demand for NSX-T expertise, and the career opportunities that arise from mastering this technology. Furthermore, we will highlight how NSX-T continues to evolve, ensuring that professionals who invest in learning it will stay relevant and in high demand in the coming years.

The Growing Importance of Multi-Cloud Environments

As organizations increasingly adopt multi-cloud strategies, the need for robust, flexible, and secure networking solutions has become more critical. VMware NSX-T was designed to address the complexities of multi-cloud networking by providing a unified platform for managing network resources across multiple cloud providers. Whether an organization is leveraging public cloud platforms, private cloud environments, or hybrid cloud setups, NSX-T enables seamless management of networking and security policies across these diverse infrastructures.

In 2025, the demand for multi-cloud environments is expected to surge even further. With businesses needing to optimize workloads across a combination of on-premises, public cloud, and private cloud resources, the ability to manage and secure these environments will be of paramount importance. VMware NSX-T’s ability to abstract the network from physical hardware and provide consistent security policies across multi-cloud platforms positions it as an indispensable solution for organizations moving toward more dynamic IT environments.

For professionals skilled in NSX-T, this growing trend represents a unique opportunity. Those who understand how to deploy, manage, and optimize NSX-T in multi-cloud environments will be in high demand, as businesses seek to gain efficiencies, reduce costs, and improve operational agility through cloud adoption.

Addressing Cybersecurity Challenges with NSX-T

Cybersecurity remains one of the most pressing concerns for organizations worldwide. With cyber threats becoming increasingly sophisticated, traditional security measures are no longer sufficient. Network security is critical, and NSX-T’s micro-segmentation feature offers a powerful solution. Micro-segmentation enables organizations to enforce security policies at the workload level, providing granular control over network traffic and reducing the attack surface. This capability is essential in defending against lateral movement by attackers, limiting the impact of any potential breaches.

As the frequency and severity of cyberattacks continue to rise, network segmentation and security at the application layer are becoming critical components of an organization’s defense strategy. Professionals with expertise in NSX-T’s micro-segmentation capabilities will be integral to protecting sensitive data and ensuring compliance with industry regulations. In 2025, the demand for cybersecurity professionals with NSX-T expertise is expected to grow, particularly as businesses continue to embrace digital transformation and move more workloads to the cloud.

NSX-T’s security features, combined with its ability to integrate with other security solutions, position it as a leading technology for organizations looking to stay ahead of emerging threats. By mastering NSX-T’s security features, professionals can significantly contribute to their organization’s overall security posture.

Supporting Containerized Applications and Kubernetes

The rise of containerized applications and container orchestration platforms, such as Kubernetes, has brought about a new set of challenges for network administrators. Containers are lightweight and scalable, making them ideal for modern application deployment, but they also require a robust networking solution to manage their dynamic nature.

VMware NSX-T is designed to support containerized applications, providing networking and security features that integrate seamlessly with Kubernetes. As organizations increasingly adopt Kubernetes for container orchestration, the need for professionals who can configure, manage, and secure containerized environments becomes more pronounced. NSX-T’s native integration with Kubernetes allows it to deliver consistent networking, security policies, and load balancing across containerized applications.

For professionals specializing in containerized environments, mastering NSX-T will provide a distinct advantage. As the adoption of Kubernetes and containerized applications continues to grow, the demand for NSX-T experts who can manage networking and security in these environments will only increase. In 2025, professionals with expertise in both NSX-T and Kubernetes will be sought after to help organizations optimize their containerized infrastructures and ensure that security and scalability are maintained.

Automation and Operational Efficiency

As businesses look to streamline operations and reduce manual intervention in network management, the importance of network automation continues to grow. VMware NSX-T offers powerful automation capabilities that allow IT teams to automate the provisioning, configuration, and management of network resources. By using automation, organizations can reduce the time and effort required to deploy and manage networks, leading to increased operational efficiency and cost savings.

In 2025, the demand for automation in network management is expected to rise even further. With the increasing complexity of IT environments and the growing need for agility, organizations will need professionals who can leverage NSX-T’s automation features to accelerate service delivery and optimize network performance. Whether it’s automating network provisioning, deploying security policies, or managing multi-cloud networks, professionals skilled in NSX-T automation will be in high demand.

NSX-T’s ability to automate key network management tasks not only saves time but also ensures consistency across environments. Professionals who can implement automation in NSX-T environments will help organizations stay ahead of the competition by improving agility, reducing errors, and lowering operational costs.

Career Advancement Opportunities

The demand for professionals with VMware NSX-T expertise is expected to remain strong in 2025, particularly as businesses continue to move toward more dynamic, scalable, and secure IT environments. Mastering NSX-T can open doors to a wide range of career advancement opportunities, as network virtualization and security continue to be key focus areas for many organizations.

Some of the key roles that require NSX-T expertise include:

• Cloud Architect: Cloud architects are responsible for designing and implementing scalable, secure cloud infrastructures. With NSX-T’s ability to manage multi-cloud environments, cloud architects with NSX-T expertise are in high demand, helping organizations optimize their cloud strategies and improve network efficiency. 
• Network Security Engineer: As cyber threats become more sophisticated, network security engineers are essential for safeguarding organizations’ digital assets. NSX-T’s advanced security features, such as micro-segmentation, make it a critical tool for network security professionals. 
• Network Virtualization Engineer: Network virtualization engineers specialize in deploying and managing virtual networks. With NSX-T’s broad capabilities in network virtualization, these professionals play a key role in helping organizations build and manage agile and secure network infrastructures. 
• Kubernetes/Container Network Specialist: With the rise of containerization, network specialists with expertise in NSX-T’s Kubernetes integration are increasingly sought after to manage networking and security for containerized applications. 

Future-Proofing IT Skills

As the IT landscape continues to evolve, staying ahead of emerging technologies is crucial for long-term career success. VMware NSX-T’s ability to support next-generation networking and security technologies ensures that professionals with NSX-T expertise will remain relevant in the ever-changing tech industry. As businesses continue to embrace cloud technologies, automation, and containerization, the need for NSX-T professionals will only increase.

In 2025 and beyond, organizations will continue to look for professionals who can manage complex network infrastructures, integrate cutting-edge security solutions, and automate network operations. Mastering VMware NSX-T positions professionals at the forefront of these advancements, ensuring that their skills remain in high demand for years to come.

Conclusion

In conclusion, VMware NSX-T remains a highly valuable skill for IT professionals, and its relevance will only continue to grow in 2025 and beyond. As organizations adopt multi-cloud environments, enhance cybersecurity measures, and embrace automation, NSX-T’s role in managing and securing network infrastructures becomes more critical. For professionals who invest time in mastering NSX-T, the rewards are substantial, whether in the form of career advancement, new job opportunities, or the ability to contribute to the success of digital transformation initiatives.

By staying up to date with the latest developments in NSX-T and continuously honing their skills, professionals can ensure that they remain at the cutting edge of network virtualization and security technologies, positioning themselves as valuable assets in the increasingly digital and cloud-driven world. Mastering NSX-T is not just an investment in a single technology; it’s an investment in future-proofing your career in the rapidly evolving IT industry.