Visual Analysis of Smartphone Sales: Pie Chart and Line Graph Interpretation
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 evaluates your ability to interpret and describe visual information. You are typically given one or more graphics, such as a bar chart, line graph, table, map, diagram, or pie chart, nd asked to summarize the key information in your own words. In the case of a mixed chart task, two different types of visual data are presented, requiring you to describe and compare two related sets of data.
The challenge of a mixed chart question lies in its dual focus. Instead of analyzing a single graph type, you must deal with both dynamic (over time) and static (one moment) data. This requires you to organize your response with clarity and logical flow.
The specific task here includes a pie chart showing the distribution of global smartphone sales by brand in 2025 and a line graph depicting the total number of smartphones sold globally from 2024 to 2025. Together, these two visuals illustrate both how many units were sold globally and which brands dominated the market in 2025.
This instruction means:
The word limit is 150 words minimum. To fully develop your ideas and meet all the criteria for a high band score, you will likely need between 160 and 190 words. Writing more than 200 words is acceptable, but only if it adds clarity and doesn’t repeat ideas.
There are several types of visuals you may encounter:
A mixed chart combines two or more of these types. Mixed charts are common in IELTS and typically appear when a deeper interpretation of a topic is needed.
In our case:
Understanding the difference between these two types of data is crucial for organizing your answer effectively.
Your Task 1 response is graded across four band descriptors, each worth 25% of your total score.
This evaluates whether you:
Avoid listing every number or point. Instead, group and summarize. High scores are awarded to responses that focus on main trends and meaningful comparisons, rather than describing every detail.
This measures how logically your ideas are organized and how well you use cohesive devices like linking words, transition phrases, and paragraphing.
Good cohesion involves using words and phrases such as:
It also includes logical paragraphing — typically one for the introduction, one for the overview, and one each for describing the line graph and the pie chart.
This refers to your range of vocabulary and how precisely you use it. You should:
Using synonyms correctly and appropriately is a key skill. For instance, instead of repeatedly saying “shows,” use “illustrates,” “depicts,” or “presents.”
This criterion assesses:
For example:
Mistakes in tense or plural forms can affect your score, even if your ideas are clear.
You should spend about 20 minutes on Task 1. In that time, you need to:
The reason Task 1 should not take longer than 20 minutes is that Task 2 is worth more marks and needs more depth. Practicing effective planning and sticking to the time limit will improve both speed and accuracy.
Here are a few common errors IELTS candidates make in Task 1:
This is a factual report, not a persuasive essay. Do not say things like:
Instead, report only what the data shows.
Paraphrasing is essential. If you repeat the exact wording of the task prompt, you lose an opportunity to demonstrate lexical range and paraphrasing ability.
IELTS does not reward listing. Focus on trends, group similar data, and avoid repeating numbers mechanically. For example, don’t say:
Instead, group and summarize:
The overview is one of the most important parts of your response. Without it, your Task Achievement score will be limited to Band 5 or lower. Your overview should highlight the most noticeable features of both charts.
Mixed chart tasks require more careful analysis because:
For example, a student might spend too much time describing every year on the line graph and only briefly mention the pie chart. This unbalanced response will lower your score. The best answers ensure each visual is discussed clearly and proportionately.
Before you begin writing, ask yourself:
Answering these questions helps form your plan and allows you to write quickly and confidently.
From this, we can already identify:
This is enough information to begin planning a well-organized, high-scoring response.
In IELTS Writing Task 1, the first two paragraphs — the introduction and overview — form the foundation of your entire response. A well-written introduction sets the scene, while a clear and focused overview gives the examiner a snapshot of the most significant trends in the data. These two sections are essential for achieving a high score in Task Achievement and Coherence and Cohesion.
The introduction is a paraphrased version of the task question. It should:
It should be concise — typically one or two sentences. Avoid including any analysis or data points in this section. You are not expected to explain or evaluate, only to describe what the visuals represent.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The pie chart below shows the distribution of global smartphone sales by brand in 2024. The line graph shows the total number of smartphones sold worldwide from 2024 to 2025.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The pie chart illustrates the distribution of global smartphone sales by brand in 2024, while the line graph presents data on the total number of smartphones sold worldwide between 2024 and 2025.
This introduction:
You can vary your language by using synonyms:
Avoid informal language or explanations, such as:
The overview is a summary of the key trends or features visible in the charts. It is one of the most important parts of the essay. Without a well-developed overview, your score for Task Achievement will be severely limited.
The overview:
Since this task includes both a pie chart and a line graph, your overview must cover major points from each chart.
For the line graph, you might mention:
For the pie chart, you might mention:
Avoid stating individual percentages or specific years. Focus on big-picture observations.
Overall, global smartphone sales increased steadily over the period shown, peaking in 2025. In that year, Samsung and Apple together accounted for the largest share of the market, while several smaller brands made up the remainder.
This example identifies:
Overall, the global sales of smartphones rose consistently over the decade, reaching their highest point at the end of the period. In terms of brand distribution in 2025, the market was led by Samsung and Apple, with several Chinese companies also holding significant shares.
This version emphasizes:
Even in these short paragraphs, cohesion is important. Linking phrases such as the following help:
These transitions guide the examiner through your essay logically and improve your coherence score.
Avoid casual or conversational language. Use passive constructions and formal verbs when possible:
Avoid phrases like:
Instead, use neutral descriptions:
Here are examples of weak introductions and overviews, and how to fix them.
This is a graph that shows the number of smartphones sold and the pie chart that shows brands.
Problem: Too informal, lacks clear structure, and uses the word “shows” twice.
Improved Version:
The line graph presents the total number of smartphones sold globally from 2024 to 2024, while the pie chart illustrates the market distribution by brand in 2025.
Sales went up a lot, and many brands sold phones.
Problem: Informal tone, vague description, no specific trends mentioned.
Improved Version:
Overall, global smartphone sales saw consistent growth throughout the period, with the highest figure recorded in 2024. That year, the majority of sales were concentrated among a few leading brands.
To see how these pieces work together, here is a complete example of the first two paragraphs:
The pie chart illustrates the distribution of global smartphone sales by brand in 2024, while the line graph presents data on the total number of smartphones sold worldwide between 2024 and 2025.
Overall, smartphone sales grew steadily over the given period, reaching a peak at the end of the timeline. In 2024, Samsung and Apple dominated the global market, while several Chinese brands held notable portions of the remaining share.
This version:
Once your introduction and overview are in place, the next step is to dive into the data. This means writing two detailed paragraphs:
Each of these paragraphs should:
In mixed chart tasks, it’s important to describe each visual in its paragraph. For this task, the line graph shows the total number of smartphones sold worldwide between 2024 and 2025. This graph represents a time-based trend, and your job is to summarize the most important changes, using accurate data and appropriate comparisons.
The line graph provides a chronological overview of sales figures. Therefore, your description should follow a clear timeline and highlight:
Before writing, quickly identify the following in the chart:
Let’s suppose the line graph in question shows the following approximate figures:
Based on this data, you can begin crafting a paragraph that summarizes the line graph effectively.
Describe how smartphone sales changed over time, mentioning:
In 2025, global smartphone sales stood at approximately 980 million units. Over the next three years, the figure rose steadily, reaching about 1.2 billion in 2018. This upward trend continued at a slightly slower pace until 2019, after which there was a modest decline in 2020, when sales dipped to around 1.1 billion units. Following this brief downturn, the market recovered strongly. Between 2021 and 2023, global sales climbed sharply, reaching 1.6 billion units. The trend culminated in 2024 with a peak of 1.8 billion smartphones sold worldwide, marking the highest point over the entire period.
Use a variety of verbs to show how data changes:
Examples:
To describe how fast or slow the changes are:
Examples:
These help make your description more precise and avoid repetition.
Instead of using only verbs, you can also write noun phrases:
This variety demonstrates control over grammar and sentence structure, which is essential for a higher band score.
To emphasize changes or make connections:
These structures allow you to compare one time period with another, showing analytical ability, which is a key element of a Band 7+ response.
Since the timeline runs from 2024 to 2025 (and 2024 is presented as a completed year), the correct tense is past simple throughout the paragraph.
Examples:
Avoid future tenses unless the data includes projections or estimates.
Try to include a variety of sentence types:
Using complex and compound sentences improves your Grammatical Range and Accuracy score.
Instead of listing each year’s data, group years into phases. This makes your paragraph more concise and analytical.
Sales were 980 million in 2015. In 2016, there were 1 billion. In 2017, they rose to 1.1 billion. In 2018, sales reached 1.2 billion…
Problem: This is repetitive and lacks analysis or grouping.
Between 2015 and 2018, sales rose steadily from just under 1 billion to 1.2 billion units.
Advantage: This groups similar data into a trend, saving words and improving clarity.
Here is a breakdown of how the sample paragraph is constructed:
Each sentence moves the reader forward in time and highlights key changes, keeping the writing well-organized and easy to follow.
Always describe trends in chronological order. Jumping back and forth between years will confuse the reader and reduce coherence.
This paragraph should only describe the line graph. Avoid referring to the pie chart or discussing brands here. Mixing the two visuals within a single paragraph can make your response unclear.
Although you have no strict maximum, the full response should stay within 150–200 words. A well-developed paragraph about the line graph is typically 90–110 words.
Ensure that:
Writing the Pie Chart Description
The second body paragraph in a mixed chart response is dedicated to the static data — in this case, the pie chart that displays the distribution of global smartphone sales by brand in 2024. Unlike the line graph, which shows change over time, the pie chart provides a snapshot of one specific year. This means your focus should be on proportions, comparisons, and grouping of categories.
You must identify:
Before writing, analyze the pie chart and ask yourself:
Let’s assume the pie chart provides the following breakdown for 2024:
From this, we can observe:
Describe how smartphone sales were distributed among brands in 2024, using accurate percentages and meaningful comparisons.
In 2024, Samsung held the largest share of the global smartphone market at 31%, followed by Apple with 25%. Together, these two companies accounted for more than half of all units sold. Among the Chinese brands, Huawei captured 16% of the market, while Xiaomi and Oppo held 12% and 9% respectively. The remaining 7% of smartphone sales were made up of various smaller manufacturers grouped under the “Others” category.
This paragraph is effective because:
Use a variety of verbs and phrases to avoid repetition:
Examples:
These alternatives keep your vocabulary varied and precise, which improves your Lexical Resource score.
Group brands to show analytical thinking:
To emphasize differences and similarities:
Avoid repeating phrases like:
Instead, combine data points:
Although the data is from 2025, which may be a future year at the time of writing, the IELTS exam treats this as completed data. Therefore, use the past tense:
Using the future tense (e.g., “Samsung will have…”) is incorrect and will lower your grammar score.
To demonstrate Grammatical Range, include different sentence types:
Varying sentence structure helps maintain reader engagement and demonstrates writing competence.
Instead of treating each brand separately, group related data for a more coherent presentation.
Samsung had 31%. Apple had 25%. Huawei had 16%. Xiaomi had 12%. Oppo had 9%. Others had 7%.
Problem: This format is robotic, repetitive, and lacks analysis.
Samsung and Apple dominated the market with a combined share of 56%. Meanwhile, Chinese manufacturers such as Huawei, Xiaomi, and Oppo collectively accounted for 37%. The remaining 7% was held by various smaller companies.
Advantage: This example presents an organized structure and shows your ability to identify patterns.
Here is the breakdown of the earlier sample paragraph:
This approach ensures your paragraph is logically organized and focuses on the most relevant information.
Don’t repeat information already covered in the overview. Stick to describing the data and using accurate language to compare and group the values.
You do not need to speculate or explain why one brand is more popular. Avoid sentences like:
This is inappropriate for IELTS Task 1. Your job is to describe, not analyze, causes.
To tie everything together, here is a complete sample IELTS Writing Task 1 response based on the charts:
Introduction
The pie chart illustrates the distribution of global smartphone sales by brand in 2022, while the line graph presents data on the total number of smartphones sold worldwide between 2025 and 2025.
Overview
Overall, global smartphone sales increased steadily throughout the period, peaking in 2025. That year, Samsung and Apple dominated the market, while several Chinese brands also held notable shares.
Line Graph Description
In 2025, global smartphone sales stood at approximately 980 million units. Over the next three years, the figure rose steadily, reaching about 1.2 billion in 2018. A slight decline occurred in 2020, when sales fell to around 1.1 billion units. However, this was followed by a strong recovery, with sales rising to 1.6 billion by 2023 and peaking at 1.8 billion in 2024, the highest figure during the entire period.
Pie Chart Description
In 2025, Samsung held the largest share of the global smartphone market at 31%, followed by Apple with 25%. Together, these two companies accounted for more than half of all units sold. Among the Chinese brands, Huawei captured 16% of the market, while Xiaomi and Oppo held 12% and 9% respectively. The remaining 7% was made up of various smaller manufacturers.
This response is clear, organized, and rich in vocabulary, making it suitable for a high band score.
Mastering IELTS Academic Writing Task 1, particularly with mixed charts like a pie chart and a line graph, requires a clear understanding of both visual types, careful planning, and precise execution. A high-scoring response demonstrates the ability to paraphrase the question effectively, provide a clear overview, and present key data trends using appropriate comparisons and vocabulary. By organizing the essay into four structured paragraphs—introduction, overview, line graph description, and pie chart analysis—candidates can ensure coherence and logical flow. Success in this task depends not only on accurate data reporting but also on the ability to group information meaningfully, use a variety of grammatical structures, and avoid common pitfalls such as speculation, repetition, or disorganized content. Consistent practice with feedback is essential for refining these skills and achieving a high band score.
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