Microsoft SC-300  Microsoft Identity and Access Administrator Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 1 Q1-20

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Question 1:

Your organization uses Azure AD and has a policy requiring multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all administrative roles. You need to ensure that privileged roles are protected while minimizing user disruption. Which approach should you implement?

A) Configure a Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for all users.
B) Enable Security Defaults in Azure AD.
C) Use Privileged Identity Management (PIM) to require MFA for role activation.
D) Create a baseline policy requiring MFA for all users.

Answer: C) – Use Privileged Identity Management (PIM) to require MFA for role activation

Explanation

Privileged Identity Management (PIM) is a feature of Azure Active Directory that allows organizations to manage, control, and monitor access to critical resources such as administrative roles. PIM provides just-in-time (JIT) privileged access, which means users only activate a privileged role when needed, rather than maintaining standing permissions. This reduces the risk of account compromise and limits the attack surface.

Using PIM, you can enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) when a user activates a privileged role. This ensures that even if credentials are stolen, the attacker cannot activate the role without completing MFA verification. Additionally, PIM supports approval workflows, which can require an administrator or manager to approve the activation request, adding another layer of security.

Option A) proposes configuring a Conditional Access policy to require MFA for all users. While this would enforce MFA broadly, it is too general for the scenario, which requires protection specifically for administrative roles. Applying MFA to all users may cause unnecessary friction for non-privileged users and does not offer the granular just-in-time controls that PIM provides.

Option B) suggests enabling Security Defaults in Azure AD. Security Defaults automatically enforce MFA for administrators and other standard security settings. While this improves security, it lacks flexibility, cannot target temporary role activation, and does not allow for custom approval workflows. Organizations needing precise control over privileged accounts would find Security Defaults insufficient.

Option D) mentions baseline policies, which are deprecated in favor of Conditional Access policies. They previously allowed enforcing MFA for administrators, but do not provide just-in-time activation or detailed auditing. Microsoft recommends PIM and Conditional Access for modern implementations.

With PIM, administrators can define:

Activation duration – Roles are active only for a specified period.

MFA requirements – Users must complete MFA during activation.

Approval workflows – Optional approval steps before role activation.

Audit logs – Every activation is logged for compliance and security review.

For example, a user requesting the “Global Administrator” role may activate it for two hours. They must complete MFA, and the activation is logged. After two hours, the role automatically deactivates, minimizing the security exposure window.

PIM also supports notifications to security teams when roles are activated, helping organizations monitor for unusual activity. This approach ensures compliance, reduces risk, and minimizes disruption for users who do not need constant access to privileged roles.

PIM with MFA for role activation is the recommended solution. It provides security, flexibility, auditability, and just-in-time access, meeting the requirement to protect administrative accounts while minimizing unnecessary disruptions.

Question 2:

You manage identities for a multinational company using Azure AD. Your company wants to implement a single sign-on (SSO) solution for a legacy on-premises application that supports SAML 2.0. Which solution should you implement?

A) Configure Azure AD Application Proxy with integrated Windows authentication.
B) Configure Azure AD SAML-based SSO for the application.
C) Use Azure AD Pass-through Authentication.
D) Use the Microsoft Authenticator app for MFA.

Answer: B) – Configure Azure AD SAML-based SSO for the application

Explanation

Single Sign-On (SSO) simplifies access management by allowing users to authenticate once and access multiple applications without re-entering credentials. Azure Active Directory supports SSO through protocols such as SAML 2.0, OpenID Connect, and OAuth 2.0. For legacy on-premises applications that support SAML 2.0, the recommended approach is to configure Azure AD SAML-based SSO.

Option B) is correct because it integrates the legacy application directly with Azure AD using SAML. Users can log in with their Azure AD credentials, and Azure AD issues a SAML token to the application, which verifies the token and grants access. This centralizes authentication, strengthens security, and simplifies identity management.

Option A) suggests using Azure AD Application Proxy with integrated Windows authentication. While the Application Proxy can publish on-premises applications externally, it does not inherently provide SAML-based SSO. It is primarily used to secure remote access and can be combined with SAML, but configuring direct SAML-based SSO is simpler and more efficient for this scenario.

Option C) mentions Pass-through Authentication, which validates passwords against on-premises Active Directory. This enables users to sign in to cloud apps with existing credentials, but it does not provide SSO for SAML-based applications.

Option D) recommends the Microsoft Authenticator app. The app supports MFA but does not enable SSO for applications. It is an authentication factor rather than an SSO solution.

To implement Azure AD SAML-based SSO:

Register the application in Azure AD.

Configure SAML parameters such as Entity ID, Reply URL, and SAML certificate.

Assign users or groups to the application.

Map required attributes and claims to meet application needs.

Once configured, users can log in to the legacy application using their Azure AD credentials. Lifecycle management is simplified because disabling a user in Azure AD immediately revokes access to the SAML-based application. Audit logs allow tracking of SSO activity and detection of anomalous behavior.

For multinational organizations, Azure AD ensures low-latency authentication across regions. Implementing SAML SSO enhances security, simplifies administration, and improves the user experience by removing repeated login prompts.

Question 3:

Your organization requires that all users connecting from outside the corporate network must perform multi-factor authentication (MFA). You want to enforce this without affecting internal users. Which solution should you implement?

A) Configure a Conditional Access policy targeting all users and all locations.
B) Enable Security Defaults in Azure AD.
C) Configure a Conditional Access policy targeting external locations and requiring MFA.
D) Require MFA at the application level.

Answer: C) – Configure a Conditional Access policy targeting external locations and requiring MFA

Explanation

Conditional Access (CA) is a core feature of Azure AD that allows organizations to implement risk-based, context-aware policies to control access to applications. CA policies can enforce MFA, block access from certain locations, require device compliance, and more.

In this scenario, the requirement is to enforce MFA only for users connecting from outside the corporate network. The most efficient way to achieve this is by creating a Conditional Access policy with the following configuration:

Target users or groups – Typically, all users or a specific set of users.

Cloud apps or actions – Specify the applications affected by the policy.

Conditions – Set “Locations” as a condition and define corporate IP ranges as trusted. Any connection outside these ranges is considered external.

Access controls – Require MFA when users access from external locations.

Option C) directly addresses the requirement by targeting external connections only, ensuring internal users are not disrupted. This approach balances security and usability.

Option A) is incorrect because targeting all users and all locations enforces MFA for everyone, including internal users, which is unnecessary and may frustrate employees.

Option B) suggests enabling Security Defaults, which enforces MFA for all administrative accounts and risky users. While it provides basic protection, Security Defaults are not flexible. They do not allow targeting specific locations and cannot differentiate between internal and external access.

Option D) recommends requiring MFA at the application level. While this may work for some apps, it is inconsistent across multiple apps and cannot centrally enforce location-based policies. Conditional Access is more scalable and provides centralized auditing.

Conditional Access also provides detailed logging and reporting for compliance purposes. Administrators can monitor which users are required to perform MFA, where they are signing in from, and whether any access attempts were blocked. Policies can be tested with the “What If” tool to ensure they work as intended without disrupting productivity.

In summary, using a Conditional Access policy targeting external locations with MFA enforcement is the recommended solution. It fulfills the security requirement while preserving usability for internal users.

Question 4:

Your organization wants to implement passwordless authentication for all users using Microsoft Authenticator. Which approach will meet this requirement?

A) Enable Security Defaults.
B) Configure FIDO2 security keys in Azure AD.
C) Configure Pass-through Authentication.
D) Use Conditional Access to block legacy authentication.

Answer: B) – Configure FIDO2 security keys in Azure AD

Explanation

Passwordless authentication enhances security by eliminating passwords, which are prone to phishing, brute-force attacks, and credential theft. Azure AD supports multiple passwordless methods, including FIDO2 security keys, Microsoft Authenticator app, and Windows Hello for Business.

In this scenario, the organization wants users to authenticate without passwords using Microsoft Authenticator. While the Microsoft Authenticator app can be used for passwordless sign-in, FIDO2 security keys provide strong passwordless authentication with cryptographic keys and are managed via Azure AD. Configuring FIDO2 keys allows users to authenticate by presenting a security key or using the authenticator app without entering a password.

Option B) is correct because it enables passwordless authentication in a secure and scalable way, fully integrated with Azure AD. Users can register their keys or app-based credentials in the Azure AD portal. Administrators can enforce policy via Conditional Access and monitor usage centrally.

Option A), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for admins and certain users, but does not enable full passwordless authentication.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows users to sign in using on-premises passwords. It does not provide passwordless functionality.

Option D), blocking legacy authentication via Conditional Access, improves security by forcing modern authentication protocols but does not implement passwordless authentication.

Implementing FIDO2 keys or the Microsoft Authenticator app for passwordless sign-in reduces the risk of compromised credentials. It is more secure than traditional passwords because the cryptographic keys are unique per user and application, cannot be phished, and are stored securely on the device.

Administrators can also combine passwordless authentication with Conditional Access policies to enforce MFA or location-based controls, providing layered security. Audit logs allow monitoring of all passwordless sign-ins, ensuring compliance with organizational security standards.

In conclusion, configuring FIDO2 security keys or the Microsoft Authenticator app via Azure AD is the recommended approach for implementing passwordless authentication. It increases security, simplifies sign-in, and aligns with modern identity management practices.

Question 5:

A company wants to ensure that only devices compliant with Intune policies can access SharePoint Online. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy requiring compliant devices.
B) Security Defaults.
C) Multi-Factor Authentication policy.
D) Pass-through Authentication.

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy requiring compliant devices

Explanation

Conditional Access is designed to enforce context-aware access control. Organizations can create policies based on user, location, device state, application, and risk level. Intune integration allows Conditional Access to enforce access only from compliant devices.

Option A) is correct. By integrating Intune device compliance with Conditional Access, administrators can ensure that only devices meeting organizational standards—such as up-to-date patches, encryption, and endpoint protection—can access sensitive services like SharePoint Online. Non-compliant devices are blocked until they meet compliance requirements.

Option B), Security Defaults, provides basic MFA and administrative protections but cannot enforce device compliance.

Option C), MFA policy, focuses on requiring additional authentication factors but does not restrict access based on device compliance.

Option D), Pass-through Authentication, simply allows on-premises credentials to be validated without storing passwords in the cloud. It does not enforce device compliance or Conditional Access rules.

Conditional Access policies allow detailed configuration:

Target users or groups – Example: All employees accessing SharePoint Online.

Target applications – SharePoint Online and other sensitive apps.

Conditions – Include device compliance (requires Intune-managed devices).

Access controls – Grant access only if compliant; optionally enforce MFA.

This ensures security while maintaining productivity. Non-compliant devices can be remediated automatically through Intune or blocked until they meet compliance standards.

Audit logs and reporting allow administrators to monitor which devices attempted access, which were blocked, and the reasons for non-compliance, supporting regulatory compliance and operational monitoring.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy with device compliance requirements is the recommended solution for protecting SharePoint Online and other sensitive services while enforcing organizational device standards.

Question 6:

You want to restrict access to Azure AD resources based on the risk level of a user’s sign-in. High-risk sign-ins should require additional verification before access is granted. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy with MFA.
B) Identity Protection risk-based Conditional Access policy.
C) Security Defaults.
D) Pass-through Authentication.

Answer: B) – Identity Protection risk-based Conditional Access policy

Explanation

Azure AD Identity Protection enables organizations to detect, investigate, and respond to identity-based risks. One of its key features is risk-based Conditional Access, which can automatically enforce policies based on the calculated risk level of a sign-in or user account. Risk levels are determined by analyzing sign-in behavior, location, device, and other suspicious activities.

Option B) is correct because a risk-based Conditional Access policy allows high-risk sign-ins to be blocked or require additional verification, such as multi-factor authentication (MFA) or password change. This approach helps mitigate threats like compromised credentials or account takeover attempts. Administrators can define the threshold for low, medium, and high risk, tailoring controls to organizational risk tolerance.

Option A) suggests a standard Conditional Access policy requiring MFA. While MFA increases security, it does not dynamically respond to sign-in risk. All users may be forced to perform MFA, regardless of context, which is less efficient than risk-based policies.

Option C) mentions Security Defaults, which enforce MFA and other basic protections but cannot adapt based on sign-in risk. Security Defaults are static and do not provide dynamic conditional access based on detected threats.

Option D) is Pass-through Authentication, which validates passwords against on-premises Active Directory. It does not provide risk-based access control or additional verification triggers.

Identity Protection policies can be configured to:

Block access for users with high-risk sign-ins.

Require MFA for medium- or high-risk users.

Force password resets for compromised accounts.

Using these capabilities, organizations can reduce the likelihood of unauthorized access while minimizing unnecessary friction for low-risk users. Audit logs and reports are available to track actions taken in response to detected risks, supporting compliance and investigation requirements.

In conclusion, implementing an Identity Protection risk-based Conditional Access policy ensures adaptive security, dynamically responding to threats and enforcing MFA or other controls when high-risk activity is detected. This approach is superior to static Conditional Access or Security Defaults in scenarios requiring intelligent, risk-aware access management.

Question 7:

A company wants to allow external partners to access certain SharePoint Online documents without giving them full Microsoft 365 accounts. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD B2B collaboration
B) Azure AD Pass-through Authentication
C) Conditional Access policy requiring MFA
D) Security Defaults

Answer: A) – Azure AD B2B collaboration

Explanation

Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) Business-to-Business (B2B) collaboration enables organizations to securely share resources with external partners while maintaining control over access. External users can use their existing credentials from their organization, Microsoft accounts, or social identities to access shared resources, without needing a full Microsoft 365 account in the host tenant.

Option A) is correct because Azure AD B2B allows external partners to authenticate with their own credentials. Administrators can define access policies, conditional access rules, and expiration for guest accounts. B2B accounts are fully integrated into Azure AD, providing auditing, reporting, and the ability to enforce MFA, device compliance, or other Conditional Access policies.

Option B), Pass-through Authentication, validates passwords against on-premises AD. It is not intended for external partner collaboration and does not solve the scenario of providing guest access.

Option C), Conditional Access requiring MFA, is a security control and not a mechanism for external collaboration. While it can protect external users once they exist in the tenant, it does not create guest accounts or provide collaboration capabilities.

Option D), Security Defaults, provides basic security features but does not address external collaboration or guest access management.

Azure AD B2B collaboration provides several benefits:

Secure sharing – Only approved external users can access specific documents or sites.

Centralized management – Guest accounts can be monitored, assigned roles, and audited.

Conditional access integration – Apply policies such as MFA, device compliance, and risk-based access.

Lifecycle management – Guest access can be configured to expire or require reauthorization periodically.

For example, if a company wants a partner to review documents in SharePoint Online, administrators can invite the external user via B2B, assign them access only to specific libraries or folders, and require MFA or compliant devices as per Conditional Access policies. This ensures that the external partner cannot access other resources or compromise organizational security.

In conclusion, Azure AD B2B collaboration is the recommended solution for securely sharing resources with external partners without issuing full Microsoft 365 accounts, providing centralized control, security enforcement, and auditing.

Question 8:

Your organization requires that users cannot sign in from countries where the company does not operate. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy with location-based restrictions
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD B2B collaboration

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy with location-based restrictions

Explanation

Azure AD Conditional Access policies can restrict access based on sign-in locations, using IP address ranges, or country information. This is an important security control for organizations that operate only in specific regions and want to prevent unauthorized access from high-risk countries.

Option A) is correct because Conditional Access can enforce location-based restrictions. Administrators can define trusted locations (e.g., corporate IP ranges or specific countries where operations exist) and block access from all other locations. Policies can also combine location with additional controls like MFA, device compliance, or risk-based conditions.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA and basic security policies but cannot block access by country or location. It is a static policy framework without geographic granularity.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates passwords against on-premises AD and does not control location-based access.

Option D), Azure AD B2B collaboration, provides external user access but does not inherently restrict logins by country for internal users.

Location-based Conditional Access policies offer several advantages:

Prevent unauthorized access – Blocks sign-ins from countries where no employees operate.

Risk-based security – When combined with other conditions, policies can enforce MFA only for risky locations.

Audit and compliance – Logs track all access attempts, successful or blocked, by location.

For example, if the company operates only in the United States and Canada, the policy can allow sign-ins from these countries and block all others. If a user attempts to sign in from a blocked location, access is denied and logged. Conditional Access provides detailed reporting for compliance audits and incident investigation.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy with location-based restrictions is the best practice for controlling access geographically, ensuring security, and enforcing organizational policies for regional operations.

Question 9:

A company wants to implement just-in-time access to Azure resources for a development team to reduce standing administrative privileges. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Conditional Access policy

Answer: A) – Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

Explanation

Privileged Identity Management (PIM) provides just-in-time (JIT) privileged access to Azure AD and Azure resources. This ensures that users have administrative permissions only when required rather than continuously, reducing the attack surface and improving security.

Option A) is correct because PIM allows administrators to configure:

Temporary role activation – Users request access for a defined period.

MFA enforcement – Ensures that only verified users can activate roles.

Approval workflows – Optional approvals before role activation.

Audit logging – Tracks every activation for compliance and reporting.

Option B), Security Defaults, is a basic security setting that enforces MFA but does not provide JIT access or role management.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows users to authenticate with on-premises passwords. It does not provide JIT access or privileged role management.

Option D), Conditional Access, controls access based on conditions such as location, device, or risk, but does not manage role activation for Azure resources.

Using PIM for development teams reduces the number of users with standing administrative privileges, minimizing potential misuse or compromise. PIM integrates with Conditional Access for layered security. Administrators can also configure alerts and notifications for activation events, providing continuous monitoring.

In conclusion, Azure AD PIM is the most effective solution for implementing just-in-time privileged access, improving security while maintaining productivity.

Question 10:

A company wants to monitor sign-ins for risky activity and generate alerts when suspicious behavior is detected. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) FIDO2 security keys

Answer: A) – Azure AD Identity Protection

Explanation

Azure AD Identity Protection is a cloud-based tool that detects, investigates, and responds to identity-based risks. It leverages machine learning and heuristics to identify unusual sign-in activity, such as:

Sign-ins from unfamiliar locations

Impossible travel

Compromised credentials

Sign-ins from infected devices

Option A) is correct because Identity Protection provides:

Risk detection – High, medium, or low risk sign-ins and users.

Automated response – Conditional Access policies can block, require MFA, or enforce password resets for risky accounts.

Reporting and alerts – Administrators receive alerts about suspicious activity for remediation.

Integration with Conditional Access – Adaptive controls allow dynamic enforcement based on risk level.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces basic MFA policies but does not monitor for risky behavior or provide risk-based automation.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows password validation but does not detect or respond to suspicious sign-ins.

Option D), FIDO2 security keys, provide strong authentication but do not generate risk alerts or monitor sign-in activity.

Question 11:

Your company wants to enforce that only devices registered in Azure AD and compliant with Intune policies can access Microsoft Teams. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy requiring compliant and hybrid Azure AD joined devices
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD B2B collaboration

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy requiring compliant and hybrid Azure AD joined devices

Explanation

To enforce access to Microsoft Teams based on device compliance and registration status, organizations leverage Conditional Access (CA) policies integrated with Microsoft Intune. CA policies evaluate conditions such as user location, device state, application sensitivity, and risk signals before granting access.

Option A) is correct because it combines device compliance (ensured by Intune policies) and Azure AD registration status (Azure AD joined or hybrid Azure AD joined devices) to allow access only from trusted, compliant endpoints. Administrators can define:

Targeted users/groups – Employees accessing Teams.

Targeted apps – Microsoft Teams.

Conditions – Device must be Azure AD joined/hybrid joined and compliant with Intune.

Access controls – Grant access only if conditions are met; optionally require MFA.

This approach prevents unmanaged or non-compliant devices from accessing sensitive collaboration tools, reducing the risk of data leaks or malware exposure.

Option B), Security Defaults, is too basic. It enforces MFA for admins and users, but cannot enforce device compliance or registration status.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows cloud authentication using on-premises credentials but does not restrict access based on device compliance.

Option D), Azure AD B2B collaboration, is designed for external user access and cannot enforce device compliance for internal employees.

Conditional Access integration with Intune allows organizations to:

Enforce device compliance policies such as encryption, antivirus, and patch levels.

Ensure that only managed devices access corporate resources.

Provide granular access controls tailored to application sensitivity.

Generate audit logs for compliance reporting and incident response.

For example, an employee attempting to log in from a personal laptop not enrolled in Intune would be denied access to Teams until the device is registered and compliant. Administrators can also configure remediation instructions guiding users to enroll or remediate devices, maintaining productivity while enforcing security.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy requiring compliant and AzureAD-joined devices is the best practice for controlling access to Microsoft Teams based on trusted devices and compliance status.

Question 12:

Your organization wants to enforce MFA for users only when they are signing in from unmanaged devices. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for untrusted devices
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) FIDO2 security keys

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for untrusted devices

Explanation

Azure AD Conditional Access policies provide context-aware access controls, including the ability to enforce MFA selectively based on device trust status. This ensures security while minimizing disruption for users on trusted, compliant devices.

Option A) is correct because a Conditional Access policy can target:

Users or groups – All or selected users.

Applications – Cloud apps such as Exchange Online or SharePoint.

Conditions – Include device platform, compliance, or trusted status.

Access controls – Require MFA if the device is unmanaged or non-compliant.

This approach provides a balanced security strategy: users on managed, compliant devices can log in seamlessly, while users on unmanaged devices are prompted for MFA, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for administrators and risky sign-ins, but cannot target unmanaged devices specifically.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows cloud authentication with on-premises passwords but does not enforce device-specific MFA conditions.

Option D), FIDO2 security keys, provide strong passwordless authentication but do not selectively enforce MFA based on device trust.

Conditional Access, combined with Intune or other device management solutions, allows organizations to:

Protect corporate data from unmanaged devices.

Maintain seamless access for trusted devices.

Implement layered security, combining device compliance, location, and risk signals with MFA enforcement.

Generate audit logs for security and compliance monitoring.

For example, if a user attempts to access SharePoint Online from an unmanaged personal laptop, the policy prompts for MFA. If the same user accesses from a company-managed, compliant device, the policy allows access without additional verification. This ensures security without unnecessarily disrupting user productivity.

In conclusion, implementing a Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for untrusted or unmanaged devices is the recommended solution for balancing security and usability.

Question 13:

You want to implement self-service password reset (SSPR) for all users in your organization. Which solution should you configure?

A) Enable Azure AD Self-Service Password Reset and require authentication methods
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Conditional Access policy

Answer: A) – Enable Azure AD Self-Service Password Reset and require authentication methods

Explanation

Azure AD Self-Service Password Reset (SSPR) allows users to reset their own passwords without administrator intervention. SSPR improves productivity, reduces helpdesk workload, and enhances security by enforcing secure verification methods.

Option A) is correct because administrators can enable SSPR for selected or all users and configure required authentication methods such as email, phone, or authenticator app verification. Policies can require multiple methods for added security.

Steps for implementing SSPR:

Enable SSPR in Azure AD for all users.

Define authentication methods required for password reset. Microsoft recommends two methods for security.

Customize notifications to alert users and admins of resets.

Optionally integrate with Conditional Access policies to enforce MFA during reset for higher-risk scenarios.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for administrators but does not provide self-service password reset.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, enables on-premises credential validation but does not provide SSPR.

Option D), Conditional Access policy, controls access based on conditions like location or device state, but does not handle password reset.

SSPR benefits include:

Reducing helpdesk calls related to password issues.

Increasing security, as users authenticate via multiple methods before resetting.

Providing compliance and auditing, as all resets are logged.

Allowing custom policies, such as requiring MFA for certain users or groups.

For example, a user forgetting their password can verify their identity via phone or Microsoft Authenticator, reset their password, and immediately regain access. Administrators can review logs to detect unusual patterns or potential security incidents.

In conclusion, enabling Azure AD Self-Service Password Reset with required authentication methods is the best practice for allowing users to securely reset their passwords independently while reducing administrative overhead.

Question 14:

A company wants to prevent access to Microsoft 365 apps from legacy authentication protocols. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy blocking legacy authentication
B) Security Defaults
C) Azure AD B2B collaboration
D) Pass-through Authentication

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy blocking legacy authentication

Explanation

Legacy authentication protocols (such as IMAP, POP3, and older Office clients) do not support modern authentication methods like MFA, making them a common vector for credential compromise. Blocking legacy authentication is a security best practice.

Option A) is correct because Conditional Access policies can explicitly block legacy authentication protocols. Administrators can define:

Targeted users or groups – Example: all users.

Applications – Office 365 apps.

Client apps – Select “legacy authentication clients” to block sign-ins.

This approach ensures that only clients supporting modern authentication can access organizational resources, reducing risk.

Option B), Security Defaults, blocks legacy authentication for tenants that enable it, but cannot provide granular targeting or reporting like Conditional Access.

Option C), Azure AD B2B collaboration, provides external user access but does not block legacy authentication.

Option D), Pass-through Authentication, validates on-premises passwords but does not restrict client protocols.

By implementing Conditional Access to block legacy authentication, organizations benefit from:

Reducing the risk of compromise through non-MFA-capable clients.

Encouraging migration to modern authentication clients.

Enhanced reporting and auditing of blocked sign-ins.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy blocking legacy authentication is the recommended solution for improving security by preventing unsupported, high-risk client connections.

Question 15:

Your organization wants to require MFA for users only if the sign-in is considered risky. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy based on user risk
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD B2B collaboration

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy based on user risk

Explanation

Azure AD provides the ability to evaluate user risk during sign-ins using Identity Protection. Risk levels are determined based on unusual behavior, such as sign-ins from unfamiliar locations, malware-infected devices, or impossible travel scenarios.

Option A) is correct because a Conditional Access policy can be configured to require MFA only for users flagged with medium or high risk. This adaptive approach ensures enhanced security without unnecessarily burdening low-risk users.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for administrators and risky users, but cannot apply risk-based rules selectively for all users.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates on-premises credentials but does not enforce risk-based MFA.

Option D), Azure AD B2B collaboration, provides external user access but does not enforce risk-based authentication policies.

Risk-based Conditional Access provides:

Adaptive security based on real-time risk signals.

Integration with MFA or password reset flows.

Logging and auditing for compliance monitoring.

Granular control to protect sensitive resources without disrupting legitimate users.

For example, if a user signs in from a new country inconsistent with their activity, the policy triggers MFA verification. If the sign-in is low risk, access is granted without additional steps, preserving user experience.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy based on user risk ensures that MFA is applied dynamically, improving security while minimizing user friction.

Question 16:

Your organization wants to enforce MFA only for privileged users during risky sign-ins. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy based on sign-in risk for privileged roles
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD B2B collaboration

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy based on sign-in risk for privileged roles

Explanation

Privileged users, such as administrators, are high-value targets for attackers. Azure AD Identity Protection calculates sign-in risk levels using AI and behavioral analytics. Risky sign-ins can be defined as medium or high risk based on unusual behavior, such as access from unfamiliar locations, infected devices, or multiple failed attempts.

Option A) is correct because a Conditional Access policy targeting privileged roles with risk conditions allows MFA to be enforced only when a sign-in is risky. This adaptive approach balances security and user experience. Administrators can configure:

Targeted users – Privileged roles (e.g., Global Administrators, Exchange Admins).

Conditions – Sign-in risk (medium/high).

Access controls – Require MFA or block access for high-risk sign-ins.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for all admins but does not adapt based on sign-in risk, which may force unnecessary MFA prompts or fail to dynamically block risky access.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows cloud authentication via on-premises credentials but does not provide risk-based MFA.

Option D), Azure AD B2B collaboration, provides external user access but cannot enforce risk-based MFA for internal privileged users.

Risk-based Conditional Access ensures that privileged accounts are protected dynamically, reducing exposure to credential compromise while avoiding unnecessary friction. For example, a Global Administrator signing in from a new country may be prompted for MFA, while normal sign-ins from known devices proceed seamlessly. Logs and alerts can be reviewed to monitor attempts, supporting compliance and auditing.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy for privileged users based on sign-in risk is the best solution for enforcing adaptive MFA for high-value accounts, providing strong security while preserving productivity.

Question 17:

Your organization wants to enable guest users to access a SharePoint site, but you want to require MFA for them. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy targeting guest users and requiring MFA
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy targeting guest users and requiring MFA

Explanation

Azure AD Conditional Access allows organizations to enforce security policies for both internal and external users. Guest users (B2B collaboration) can be restricted using Conditional Access, ensuring MFA is enforced before access is granted to sensitive resources like SharePoint Online.

Option A) is correct because a Conditional Access policy can target guest users specifically and require MFA. Administrators configure:

Target users – Guests (external users) in Azure AD.

Targeted applications – SharePoint Online or other apps.

Conditions – Optional: location, device compliance.

Access controls – Require MFA before granting access.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for risky sign-ins and administrators, but cannot differentiate or specifically target guest users.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates credentials but does not enforce MFA for guest users.

Option D), PIM, manages privileged roles but does not apply to guest user access to resources.

Using Conditional Access for guest users allows organizations to:

Protect corporate data accessed externally.

Maintain a smooth experience for compliant internal users.

Combine with device compliance and location controls for layered security.

Audit all sign-ins to guest accounts for compliance reporting.

For example, an external partner attempting to access a SharePoint document must authenticate using MFA before being allowed in, reducing the risk of compromised guest accounts. Administrators can also revoke access or enforce reauthentication periodically.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for guest users provides secure external collaboration while ensuring sensitive resources are protected.

Question 18:

A company wants to enable users to authenticate without passwords but still maintain strong security. Which solution should you implement?

A) FIDO2 security keys and Microsoft Authenticator app for passwordless authentication
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Conditional Access policy requiring legacy authentication

Answer: A) – FIDO2 security keys and Microsoft Authenticator app for passwordless authentication

Explanation

Passwordless authentication increases security by eliminating passwords, which are often the weakest link. Azure AD supports multiple passwordless methods: FIDO2 security keys, Microsoft Authenticator app, and Windows Hello for Business.

Option A) is correct because FIDO2 security keys and Microsoft Authenticator passwordless sign-in provide cryptographic authentication. Users can authenticate using a registered key or app without typing a password. Benefits include:

Resistance to phishing – Keys cannot be phished.

Elimination of password reuse – Reduces risk of credential stuffing.

Compliance and auditing – All sign-ins are logged in Azure AD.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for administrators and risky users but does not provide passwordless authentication.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows cloud authentication using on-premises passwords but does not eliminate passwords.

Option D), Conditional Access policy requiring legacy authentication, is incorrect because legacy protocols do not support passwordless authentication.

Implementing FIDO2 keys or Microsoft Authenticator passwordless sign-in allows organizations to:

Enable secure, convenient access for users.

Reduce helpdesk costs due to password reset calls.

Combine with Conditional Access for MFA or device compliance as additional layers.

For example, a user can authenticate to Microsoft 365 apps using a registered security key. No password is entered, but cryptographic verification proves the user’s identity.

In conclusion, implementing FIDO2 security keys and the Microsoft Authenticator app for passwordless authentication improves security, simplifies sign-in, and aligns with modern identity best practices.

Question 19:

Your organization wants to ensure that when a privileged role is activated, it is only active for a limited time and requires approval. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Conditional Access policy

Answer: A) – Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

Explanation

Azure AD PIM provides just-in-time access to privileged roles, ensuring roles are only active temporarily and optionally require approval. PIM is the best practice for reducing standing administrative privileges and mitigating the risk of account compromise.

Option A) is correct because PIM supports:

Time-bound activation – Roles can be activated for a defined duration.

Approval workflows – Role activation can require manager or security approval.

MFA enforcement – Users must verify identity before activation.

Audit logging – All activations are logged for compliance and monitoring.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA but does not provide temporary privileged role activation or approval workflows.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows authentication but does not manage role activation.

Option D), Conditional Access, controls access conditions but cannot implement temporary role activation with approvals.

Using PIM, administrators can configure a Global Administrator to be active for only two hours, require MFA, and require approval before activation. After the time elapses, the role automatically deactivates, minimizing risk exposure. Audit logs and notifications provide visibility into privileged role usage.

In conclusion, Azure AD PIM is the recommended solution for just-in-time privileged role management with approval and temporary access.

Question 20:

Your company wants to monitor risky user behavior and automatically block access if a user is compromised. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with risk-based Conditional Access
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) FIDO2 security keys

Answer: A) – Azure AD Identity Protection with risk-based Conditional Access

Explanation

Azure AD Identity Protection uses machine learning and heuristics to detect risky sign-ins and compromised users. By combining risk detection with Conditional Access policies, administrators can automatically enforce access controls based on risk level.

Option A) is correct because it enables:

Detection of high-risk users – Based on unusual behavior such as impossible travel or malware-infected devices.

Automated responses – Users can be blocked, forced to reset passwords, or required to perform MFA.

Risk-based Conditional Access integration – Policies adapt dynamically to protect sensitive resources.

Audit and compliance reporting – All events are logged for monitoring.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA but cannot dynamically block compromised users.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, only validates passwords and does not detect risk.

Option D), FIDO2 security keys, enable strong authentication but do not monitor or respond to compromised accounts.

By using Identity Protection with risk-based Conditional Access, organizations can proactively protect accounts and corporate resources while automating mitigation of compromised users.

In conclusion, Azure AD Identity Protection with risk-based Conditional Access is the best solution for monitoring risky behavior and automatically blocking access for compromised accounts.