Understanding the Core of the Certified Data Engineer Associate Role
The role of a Certified Data Engineer Associate reflects the growing demand for professionals who can navigate the complexities of modern data infrastructure. At the heart of this certification lies the ability to work with the Lakehouse architecture—an approach that blends the reliability and structure of traditional data warehouses with the flexibility and scalability of data lakes. The engineer who holds this credential demonstrates not just theoretical understandingbut real-world competency in transforming, managing, and governing data using advanced processing engines.
In today’s data-driven ecosystem, being a data engineer means far more than simply transporting data from one point to another. It’s about constructing pipelines that are efficient, scalable, and adaptable to change. The Certified Data Engineer Associate embodies this principle by showcasing the ability to design workflows that support both batch and streaming workloads. This balance between latency-sensitive operations and large-volume processing is essential for businesses aiming to extract timely insights from growing datasets.
The foundation of this certification lies in understanding the platform’s workspace and architectural design. Candidates must familiarize themselves with the unified interface that manages compute resources, data storage, and code notebooks in a seamless workflow. This environment allows data engineers to switch contexts rapidly—from transforming raw files to building interactive dashboards—all within a cohesive system. Mastery of this workspace is fundamental to success, both in the certification and in the field.
Lakehouse architecture challenges traditional thinking by removing the silos between data warehouses and lakes. Engineers who understand this paradigm can store structured and unstructured data in a single layer, enabling organizations to query across varied data types without duplicating storage. The Certified Data Engineer Associate is assessed on their ability to leverage this architecture to drive performance, reduce cost, and maintain data consistency.
One of the first tasks a data engineer often faces is data ingestion. Knowing how to bring in data from disparate sources—be it IoT sensors, log files, or APIs—is crucial. While this exam does not assess ingestion in depth, engineers are expected to understand how different data formats and sources impact downstream transformations. This means familiarity with semi-structured formats like JSON, Avro, and Parquet, as well as strategies for managing schema evolution over time.
Engineers must also grasp the significance of data lineage. Understanding how data flows from source to report is critical in today’s compliance-focused world. The Certified Data Engineer Associate must demonstrate awareness of how to maintain traceability, prevent data duplication, and ensure the integrity of transformations. This attention to data quality elevates the engineer’s role from technician to steward of information.
The practical application of Spark SQL and Python sits at the center of this certification. Engineers are expected to write transformation logic that filters, joins, aggregates, and restructures data efficiently. More importantly, they must know when to apply each function depending on the use case. For example, using window functions for time-based calculations or managing nulls with coalesce operations requires not just coding ability, but analytical thinking.
Another crucial area involves understanding how to implement multi-hop ETL pipelines. These pipelines pass data through several transformation layers—often raw, refined, and curated stages. Each hop applies new business logic or enriches the data, allowing different teams across an organization to use it for reporting, machine learning, or ad hoc analysis. The engineer’s job is to ensure that each stage is optimized, maintainable, and reliable.
Error handling and idempotency are also core concepts. Pipelines must be resilient to failure and capable of restarting without introducing duplication or inconsistency. This is especially important in incremental processing, where only new or changed data should be handled. Understanding concepts like watermarking and checkpointing ensures the engineer can build pipelines that support high availability and consistency.
As pipelines scale, partitioning strategies become essential. Engineers must know how to organize data across storage layers to reduce scan times and optimize query performance. They must balance between write amplification, small files problem, and read efficiency. This requires not only technical understanding but also experience with workloads that exhibit different access patterns.
Beyond development, deployment into production is a critical milestone. Engineers must understand how to schedule jobs, monitor their execution, and handle failure alerts. They must coordinate job dependencies and ensure that downstream users are not affected by upstream delays. This requires a DevOps mindset—thinking in terms of pipelines as products, not just scripts.
Security and governance, though often overlooked, play a central role in the data lifecycle. Engineers must understand how to implement access control policies, protect sensitive information, and audit data usage. As more organizations adopt privacy regulations, engineers are becoming guardians of data ethics. The Certified Data Engineer Associate must embody this responsibility.
Data visualization, though not the primary focus of engineering, remains important. Engineers must understand how to expose data to analysts, build dashboards that align with organizational KPIs, and create views that hide complexity while revealing insights. This ability to collaborate with business units completes the data engineer’s toolkit.
Ultimately, this certification validates a broad spectrum of skills—from raw ingestion to curated delivery. The engineer who earns this credential proves that they can navigate the end-to-end data journey. They are not simply script writers or pipeline builders, but strategic contributors who understand the lifecycle, scale, and governance of enterprise data.
The modern data engineer must move beyond foundational tasks and embrace the full complexity of data transformation. While ingestion may bring the data in, transformation shapes it into something meaningful. For the Certified Data Engineer Associate, this means acquiring deep comfort with Apache Spark SQL and Python—the primary tools assessed in the exam and essential to production-level data engineering.
The ability to perform extract, transform, and load (ETL) tasks in a scalable, fault-tolerant, and efficient way separates a data enthusiast from a true practitioner. This part of the certification emphasizes how to design transformations that clean, enrich, and prepare data for downstream consumption while maintaining performance and consistency across workloads. Whether batch or incremental, the logic behind transformation must be deliberate, thoughtful, and well-structured.
Data engineering today requires fluency in both SQL and Python. Spark SQL enables engineers to use declarative logic to filter, join, and manipulate datasets with concise syntax. It leverages the underlying distributed processing power of Spark, translating SQL commands into optimized execution plans. Python, on the other hand, provides a procedural way to express transformation logic, automate workflows, and integrate with APIs or custom business rules.
A Certified Data Engineer Associate must know how to switch between these two paradigms seamlessly. Some tasks are best expressed in SQL, such as group-by aggregations, window functions, or filtering on partition columns. Other tasks, like calling external services, performing custom logic, or managing loops and conditions, are better handled in Python. The art lies in knowing when to use which language, and how to combine them effectively.
A hallmark of reliable ETL design is the use of multi-hop architectures. These pipelines process data through layers, each with a specific role. The raw layer captures the data as-is, without applying transformations. This preserves the original record and allows reprocessing if needed. The refined layer applies basic cleaning and standardization, , uch as renaming columns, fixing nulls, or formatting timestamps. The curated layer serves business-ready data that supports analytics, dashboards, and machine learning.
Each stage in this pipeline must be deliberate. Column naming conventions, data types, and schema evolution strategies must be aligned to minimize confusion downstream. A data engineer must create readable, reusable code that documents its logic through clarity of structure.
When working with Sparkthe, the partitioning strategy plays a key role in ETL performance. Large datasets must be split in ways that align with access patterns, such as time-based partitioning for logs or customer-based partitioning for user data. Spark allows engineers to repartition or coalesce datasets dynamically, optimizing both read and write paths. Knowing when to repartition, and by how much, is a critical performance skill tested indirectly in certification scenarios.
Transformation workloads fall into two broad categories—batch and incremental. Batch processing involves transforming an entire dataset at once. This model is simple to implement and is often used in reporting pipelines where latency is not critical. Incremental processing, by contrast, deals only with new or changed data since the last run. This model is necessary for real-time systems, streaming applications, or high-frequency updates.
A Certified Data Engineer Associate must understand the trade-offs between the two. Batch jobs are easier to debug and te,s,t but consume more resources and may introduce latency. Incremental jobs reduce cost and enable near-real-time insights but introduce complexity around data deduplication, watermarking, and state management.
In Spark, batch and streaming code often look similar thanks to unified APIs. However, engineers must still make critical decisions about checkpointing, state storage, and triggers. They must understand concepts like late-arriving data, windowing, and watermark-based filtering. These skills ensure that incremental jobs can restart gracefully and maintain data accuracy over time.
Let’s consider a transformation pipeline that ingests customer transactions and prepares them for a monthly sales dashboard. In the refined layer, the pipeline might remove nulls, normalize currency formats, and convert timestamps to UTC. In the curated layer, it might aggregate monthly totals by customer region, rank top-performing products, and join with inventory data to assess stock health.
In SQL, this could involve window functions to rank products, CTEs to break down complex queries, and joins across temporal dimensions. In Python, additional logic might be used to call APIs for exchange rates or to flag suspicious patterns using regular expressions.
Transformation logic must also account for data quality checks. These include verifying row counts between stages, ensuring key fields are not null, and catching schema mismatches early. Logging, alerts, and sample data output all contribute to production readiness.
Efficiency is key in Spark. Engineers must know how to avoid pitfalls such as shuffles, skewed joins, and small file problems. Joins should be executed using broadcast hints when one side is small. Large aggregations should be partitioned by grouping keys to avoid data movement. Writing in columnar formats, such as Parque,t improves read performance and compression.
Caching intermediate results can speed up iterative processing, but must be used cautiously to avoid memory pressure. Engineers must monitor job metrics such as stage duration, input/output size, and executor memory to diagnose bottlenecks. Though the certification exam is multiple choice, questions often hint at performance challenges that require this practical insight.
In business scenarios, entities like customers or products evolve. Tracking these changes without losing historical context is a major ETL challenge. Techniques such as slowly changing dimension handling or event sourcing are used to preserve snapshots of data.
Engineers must design pipelines that append new records with versioning logic rather than overwriting existing ones. They may use surrogate keys, effective and expiry dates, or status flags to differentiate records. This enables accurate historical analysis and compliance reporting.
Many business metrics are time-sensitive. Calculating year-over-year growth, comparing this quarter to last, or tracking cumulative sales are common tasks. These require window functions, date truncation, and timestamp math. Engineers must understand how to use Spark SQL to express these calculations accurately and efficiently.
For example, a rolling average of daily revenue may use a window partitioned by region and ordered by day, with a frame of the last seven days. Understanding how to configure the window frame, including current row and hhandlingnulls, is essential for producing correct results.
Python plays a unique role in applying custom transformations. Where SQL falls short—such as text parsing, applying business rules, or integrating with external tools—Python takes over. Engineers may use lambda functions, dictionary mappings, and string operations to clean data.
Python also enables modular programming. Reusable functions for formatting dates, masking sensitive data, or encoding categories improve pipeline maintainability. Testing these functions independently helps isolate bugs and ensures that pipelines behave consistently.
An effective engineer builds pipelines where logic flows consistently across all stages. The transformation applied in the refined layer should match the expectations of the curated outputs. Business definitions must be centralized to avoid drift. This requires communication between engineering, analytics, and governance teams.
Engineers may use configuration files or metadata layers to drive logic, reducing hardcoded dependencies. They must think in terms of data contracts—formalized definitions of schemas, refresh intervals, and delivery formats. These contracts promote trust and stability in the data platform.
Above all, data transformation requires a mindset of anticipation. Engineers must expect schema changes, upstream failures, and downstream needs. They must build pipelines that handle nulls, unknown values, and bad input gracefully.
They must also design for scale. What works for one million records may not work for one billion. Engineers must test edge cases, perform stress tests, and validate assumptions regularly. Monitoring, alerts, and fallbacks are essential to keep pipelines running smoothly in production.
The Certified Data Engineer Associate reflects this mindset. It rewards those who can think like architects, build like developers, and troubleshoot like analysts. It encourages holistic thinking that spans design, development, and delivery.
When data pipelines move beyond experimentation into production, their role transforms dramatically. They are no longer mere scripts run on demand but have become essential pieces of infrastructure that businesses rely on for real-time decision-making, reporting, and operational workflows. In this part of the Certified Data Engineer Associate journey, the emphasis shifts toward deployment, scheduling, monitoring, and managing incremental updates to ensure reliability and scalability.
Production pipelines must be built with intentional design patterns that anticipate failure, support scaling, and preserve data integrity.
Characteristics of a Production-Ready Pipeline
A production pipeline must be resilient, idempotent, modular, and observable. Resilience means it can recover from failure without corrupting data. Idempotency ensures that if the same data is processed multiple times, the output remains consistent. Modularity refers to separating logic into reusable, testable components. Observability means the pipeline can be monitored and debugged effectively.
The Certified Data Engineer Associate is expected to understand how these characteristics translate into practical choices. This includes defining job parameters, organizing transformation steps into stages, and implementing logging and alerts. These pipelines must be tested thoroughly before deployment and monitored continuously afterward.
Data does not flow on its own. Production systems require scheduling frameworks to trigger jobs at the right time. Whether pipelines run hourly, daily, or event-driven, they must be coordinated to meet business requirements without overwhelming compute resources.
Scheduling involves defining job triggers, specifying dependencies between tasks, and configuring retries for failures. Engineers must account for time zones, daylight saving changes, and execution time variability. They must avoid overlapping job runs and ensure that downstream tasks do not begin before upstream processes finish successfully.
In practice, engineers create workflows where tasks are defined as discrete steps with dependencies. A typical example is a daily sales pipeline that first ingests new transactions, then transforms them, and finally updates dashboards. Each step must be executed in sequence, and failure in one step should halt the process while triggering notifications.
Batch pipelines often process data from scratch, but this approach is inefficient at scale. Incremental processing allows only new or updated records to be handled, reducing time, cost, and complexity. The challenge is ensuring that data updates are accurate, consistent, and complete.
Incremental pipelines depend on metadata such as timestamps, version numbers, or change flags. These markers help determine which data to process during each run. Engineers must implement filtering logic that respects these markers while avoiding duplication.
For example, a pipeline that ingests website activity might process only records with timestamps newer than the last successful run. However, data can arrive late due to upstream delays, so the engineer must build logic to handle late events using watermarking or windowed aggregation. The Certified Data Engineer Associate must understand these patterns and how they ensure correct results across repeated executions.
To ensure that pipelines recover gracefully from interruptions, checkpointing is used to track progress. Checkpoints store metadata about what data has been processed, allowing the system to resume from the last known good state in the event of failure.
Engineers must implement checkpoints in a way that prevents reprocessing or data loss. For example, if a streaming job processes a batch of events and crashes halfway, it should not reprocess already written records upon restart. The design of checkpointing depends on storage choices, latency tolerance, and the criticality of the data.
Fault tolerance also involves isolating steps so that failures in one part of the pipeline do not cascade. Engineers might choose to wrap transformation logic in error-handling blocks or split pipelines into smaller units that can fail independently. This minimizes the impact of partial failures and allows targeted retries.
As pipelines grow in number and complexity, tracking their interconnections becomes essential. Data lineage refers to the ability to trace how data moves through systems, from raw ingestion to final output. This visibility supports debugging, auditing, and impact analysis.
Production systems must track lineage automatically or through metadata. Engineers annotate pipelines with source and destination metadata, ensuring transparency. For example, when a report shows an unusual value, lineage helps determine whether the issue originates from the data, the transformation, or a downstream system.
Dependency management is also critical. Engineers must understand how changes in one pipeline affect others. They may implement version control for datasets, schema validation, and notification systems to manage upstream-downstream relationships.
A production pipeline must be monitored continuously. Engineers must set up metrics such as execution duration, success/failure status, and data volume processed. These metrics help detect performance degradation, job stalls, or anomalies.
Alerting systems notify engineers when jobs fail, run too long, or produce unexpected results. Engineers must configure thresholds that balance sensitivity with noise reduction. Too many alerts can desensitize the team, while too few may delay critical response.
Logs are essential for diagnosing issues. Engineers must implement structured logging that captures context such as job parameters, row counts, and error details. This facilitates rapid root-cause analysis and improves supportability.
Deploying pipeline code to production requires version control. Engineers use branches to test changes in isolation and merge them only after validation. Each code version must be traceable to specific outputs, enabling reproducibility.
Deployment strategies include blue-green deployments, where new code is tested in parallel with the old, and canary deployments, where changes are rolled out to a subset of data. These strategies reduce risk and support rollback in case of issues.
Engineers must also automate deployments using scripts or CI/CD pipelines. Manual deployments are error-prone and do not scale. Automation ensures consistency across environments and accelerates delivery.
Well-documented pipelines are easier to maintain. Engineers must document the purpose, inputs, outputs, and logic of each pipeline. They also include runbooks that describe troubleshooting steps, dependency maps, and escalation paths.
Collaboration with analysts, data scientists, and stakeholders is essential. Engineers must ensure that pipelines deliver the right data, at the right time, in the right format. This requires feedback loops, data quality dashboards, and shared definitions.
A pipeline is not just a technical asset; it is a contract between teams. Meeting that contract builds trust and unlocks the value of data.
As data grows, pipelines must scale. Engineers must monitor performance bottlenecks and optimize resource usage. This includes tuning partition sizes, caching intermediate data, and avoiding unnecessary recomputation.
Cost management involves understanding the trade-offs between performance and price. Engineers may choose between compute clusters of different sizes, batch versus stream processing, and frequency of updates. Efficient pipelines deliver maximum value with minimum overhead.
The Certified Data Engineer Associate is expected to understand how pipeline design impacts cost and how to monitor and adjust accordingly.
In production environments, pipelines support diverse use cases. A marketing pipeline might aggregate user engagement data to drive targeted campaigns. A finance pipeline might reconcile transactions across systems. A healthcare pipeline might prepare clinical data for research.
Each use case has unique requirements for accuracy, latency, volume, and privacy. Engineers must tailor pipeline design to meet these needs while maintaining consistency with engineering standards.
Common patterns include slowly changing dimensions for master data, event time windowing for behavior analysis, and change data capture for near-real-time updates. Understanding these patterns allows engineers to adapt quickly to new scenarios.
Moving from development to production marks a shift in mindset. Engineers must anticipate edge cases, build for scale, and design for operational excellence. They must think beyond the code and consider how their pipelines fit into a broader system.
The Certified Data Engineer Associate proves not just technical skill, but also discipline, foresight, and collaboration. It reflects a commitment to building pipelines that do not just run, but also endure, evolve, and empower.
Understanding how data is accessed, controlled, monitored, and shared is critical in ensuring that your pipelines function not just efficiently, but securely and compliantly. Additionally, mastering exam strategy is just as vital as mastering the platform. This final part brings together the unseen components—data governance principles and exam readiness—to ensure success both in certification and in your professional role as a data engineer.
Data governance is not a theoretical luxury. It is a foundational requirement for modern organizations that need to manage risk, enable collaboration, and adhere to data privacy laws. A certified data engineer must understand how to apply governance principles in daily workflows. Whether dealing with sensitive customer information or proprietary financial data, protecting that data from misuse or exposure is a non-negotiable responsibility.
Governance encompasses multiple elements—access control, lineage, auditability, retention, and data classification. Without a structured approach to managing these areas, even the most technically advanced pipeline becomes a liability. For this reason, the Certified Data Engineer Associate exam includes specific focus on the principles and mechanisms that uphold trustworthy data systems.
Access control ensures that users only access the data they are authorized to see and interact with. It prevents accidental exposure, internal misuse, and compliance violations. In a workspace that supports collaborative analytics, role-based access becomes the standard for defining what each team member can read, write, modify, or execute.
For the data engineer, this means implementing user roles and permissions at every level of the data stack—from raw data to dashboards. Engineers must ensure that policies are not just applied, but enforced systematically. This includes managing default behaviors, handling permission inheritance, and setting up override rules where needed.
Granular permissions may control access at the table, column, or row level. Understanding how to scope these permissions allows data engineers to build systems that accommodate both open exploration and strict control, depending on the context. For instance, a marketing analyst might need access to anonymized sales trends, while finance might require precise transaction details.
The engineer must think in terms of least privilege. Users should have only the access required to perform their tasks. This minimizes exposure risk and ensures that sensitive operations, like schema changes or data deletions, are reserved for qualified personnel. The exam will assess knowledge of how to implement, modify, and audit these permission structures effectively.
One of the core responsibilities in a governed system is to maintain transparency. This is achieved through data lineage and auditing mechanisms. Data lineage tracks where data comes from, how it is transformed, and where it ends up. Auditing, on the other hand, logs who accessed what, when, and how.
Together, these two capabilities create a traceable, inspectable path for every piece of data. They are especially critical in environments where multiple teams interact with the same datasets, or where historical decisions must be justified. For example, if a machine learning model produced an inaccurate prediction, lineage can help determine whether the input data was flawed or whether transformation logic introduced bias.
Auditing serves compliance as well as internal accountability. Engineers must know how to enable and inspect audit logs, especially when investigating anomalies or responding to security concerns. These logs also support proactive behavior, helping identify unused data, detect access patterns, and inform optimization decisions.
In the exam, understanding lineage and auditability is key not only in terms of conceptual value but also in terms of how these features are implemented. Candidates are expected to recognize the impact of these governance tools on pipeline design, debugging, and reporting.
Not all data is created equal. A robust governance framework includes a classification system that defines which data is sensitive, restricted, public, or internal. This classification influences storage policies, encryption standards, retention periods, and sharing permissions.
Engineers must implement mechanisms to tag and classify data appropriately. This may involve schema annotations, naming conventions, or integration with cataloging tools. The purpose is to ensure that policies are not applied uniformly, but contextually, depending on the nature of the data.
Data classification also supports lifecycle management. Engineers can set rules to archive, purge, or retain data based on its classification. For example, transactional logs may be deleted after six months, while customer profiles are retained for five years. These timelines are informed by legal, operational, and business factors.
From a certification perspective, candidates must be familiar with these distinctions and be able to configure systems to uphold data retention and usage policies correctly. This includes understanding metadata propagation, policy enforcement layers, and exception handling.
Beyond access control, securing the actual data storage and movement is essential. Encryption at rest and in transit ensures that data is unreadable to unauthorized entities, even if accessed. This is particularly important for highly sensitive domains like healthcare or finance, where breaches can have massive legal and ethical implications.
Certified engineers are expected to understand how encryption is applied automatically by the platform and where manual configuration may be necessary. They must also ensure that data is transmitted over secure interfaces using standard encryption protocols.
Engineers may need to restrict access to interfaces or APIs based on IP whitelisting, token-based authentication, or secure role mapping. They must validate input and sanitize outputs to prevent injection attacks or information leakage. Though these concepts are often associated with software development, they are increasingly relevant in data engineering.
The exam may challenge candidates to reason through scenarios where multiple security layers are combined, and to understand the trade-offs between usability and protection. For example, automated jobs may require broader permissions, which must be managed through scoped service accounts and secure credential storage.
Now that the technical topics have been addressed, attention must turn to the exam itself. Success requires not only knowledge but also strategy, focus, and confidence.
Start with a realistic self-assessment of your current understanding. Review each exam domain and identify gaps in knowledge. Use hands-on practice to reinforce weak areas, not just reading or watching tutorials. Try to recreate pipeline tasks, access control scenarios, and optimization exercises based on what you expect to encounter.
Simulating the exam environment is helpful. Allocate 90 minutes and attempt a full-length practice test without interruption. This reveals your time management habits and helps identify questions where you tend to hesitate. Aim for a steady pace, allocating approximately two minutes per question.
As you study, prioritize conceptual clarity. This is not a trivia test. Many questions present scenarios with multiple plausible answers, and the goal is to select the most effective, scalable, or compliant solution. Think through trade-offs and always ground your choice in the context provided.
Memorization helps, but synthesis is more powerful. Understand why one approach is better than another. Ask yourself why a particular transformation technique is preferred in streaming data or how incremental loads reduce cost in production systems. This mindset prepares you for real-world application, not just passing an exam.
Exam nerves are natural, especially when the stakes are high. But preparation is the antidote to fear. By deeply engaging with the material, practicing hands-on exercises, and familiarizing yourself with the format, you reduce uncertainty.
Before exam day, make sure your testing setup meets requirements. Eliminate distractions, close unnecessary programs, and test your audio and video hardware if the exam is proctored online. Ensure stable internet and a quiet, well-lit space.
During the exam, do not dwell too long on one question. If you’re unsure, mark it and return later. Often, later questions jog your memory or provide indirect clues. Use the full time available to review and reconsider answers with fresh eyes.
Believe in your preparation. Remember that the Certified Data Engineer Associate exam is designed to validate your ability to think and perform like a real-world engineer, not a perfectionist. Accuracy, logic, and practical knowledge are what count.
Earning this certification is not the end of the journey, but a milestone. It marks your capability to contribute meaningfully to data teams, drive automation, and uphold data integrity. Certified engineers often become mentors, guiding others through best practices and influencing the design of larger systems.
As organizations increasingly rely on data to drive decisions, the role of the engineer will continue to grow. From managing real-time pipelines to implementing machine learning workflows, the foundational knowledge captured in this certification opens doors to more advanced domains.
Stay updated. Continue learning about new features, emerging patterns, and evolving governance standards. Build a portfolio of projects that reflect both your technical skills and your commitment to responsible data practices.
The Certified Data Engineer Associate credential is far more than a line on your resume. It represents a structured understanding of the full data lifecycle—from ingestion and transformation to deployment and governance. It confirms your ability to build scalable pipelines, ensure data quality, and maintain compliance in production environments.
By mastering not just tools but mindsets—resilience, ownership, clarity, and foresight—you position yourself as a trusted steward of data systems in a world increasingly defined by information.
As you cross the finish line, know that your certification journey has already reshaped how you think about data, systems, and impact. You now carry not just skills but responsibility—the kind that shapes the future of data engineering.
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