VMware 2V0-72.22 Practice Test Questions, Exam Dumps

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2V0-72.22 VMware Practice Test Questions and Exam Dumps

Question no 1 :

In order for Spring to automatically detect and load a class annotated with @Component as a bean, what must be ensured?

A. A valid bean name should be specified in the @Component annotation.
B. A valid @ComponentScan annotation should be provided in the Java configuration.
C. A valid @Scope annotation should be specified for the class.
D. A valid @Bean annotation should be defined for the class.

Explanation:

Spring's @Component annotation is used to indicate that a class is a Spring-managed bean. For Spring to automatically detect and load this class as a bean, the framework needs to be instructed to scan the classpath for annotated components. This is typically done through the @ComponentScan annotation.

Option A: "Ensure a valid bean name is specified in the @Component annotation"
This option is incorrect because specifying a bean name is optional. By default, Spring will use the class name, starting with a lowercase letter, as the bean name. There is no need to explicitly set the name unless custom naming is required.
Option B: "Ensure a valid @ComponentScan annotation in the Java configuration is specified"
This option is correct. The @ComponentScan annotation tells Spring to scan specific packages or the entire classpath for components annotated with @Component, @Service, @Repository, or @Controller. Without this configuration, Spring will not automatically detect or load the annotated class as a bean.
Option C: "Ensure a valid @Scope for the class is specified"
This option is incorrect. The @Scope annotation determines the lifecycle of a bean, such as whether it should be a singleton or prototype. While it is important for defining the scope of a bean, it is not necessary for detecting and loading the class as a bean.
Option D: "Ensure a valid @Bean for the class is specified"
This option is incorrect. The @Bean annotation is used to define individual bean methods in Java configuration classes. It is not required to load a class annotated with @Component. In fact, @Component and @Bean serve different purposes, with @Component being for auto-detection and @Bean being used for explicit bean configuration.

Correct Answer: B. Ensure a valid @ComponentScan annotation in the Java configuration is specified.

Question no 2:

Which of the following two options will inject the value of the "daily.limit" system property? (Choose two.)

A. @Value(“#{daily.limit}”)
B. @Value(“$(systemProperties.daily.limit)”)
C. @Value(“$(daily.limit)”)
D. @Value(“#{systemProperties[‘daily.limit’]}”)
E. @Value(“#{systemProperties.daily.limit}”)

Explanation:

Spring's @Value annotation is used to inject values into fields, methods, or constructor parameters. The value can come from various sources such as properties files, system properties, or environment variables. The correct syntax for accessing system properties or using Spring Expression Language (SpEL) is critical to get the expected result.

Option A: "@Value(‘#{daily.limit}’)”
This option is incorrect because it uses SpEL (Spring Expression Language) incorrectly. While SpEL allows dynamic expressions, the correct syntax for accessing system properties using SpEL is different. The expression #{daily.limit} would not resolve as expected because system properties must be accessed through systemProperties in SpEL.
Option B: "@Value(‘$(systemProperties.daily.limit)’)”
This option is incorrect. The $(...) syntax is used for referencing placeholders in Spring’s @Value annotation. However, the correct format for system properties is systemProperties[‘propertyName’], and not $(...).
Option C: "@Value(‘$(daily.limit)’)”
This option is incorrect. The $(...) syntax would resolve to an environment variable or property, but it does not directly reference system properties. Spring expects a specific syntax to access system properties.
Option D: "@Value(‘#{systemProperties[‘daily.limit’]}’)”
This option is correct. This uses SpEL to correctly access the system property daily.limit. The syntax systemProperties[‘daily.limit’] correctly references the system properties map and retrieves the value associated with that key.
Option E: "@Value(‘#{systemProperties.daily.limit}’)”
This option is correct. It is another valid SpEL expression to access system properties. Both systemProperties[‘daily.limit’] and systemProperties.daily.limit are valid ways to refer to system properties, and this syntax will inject the value of daily.limit correctly.

Correct Answers: D. @Value(‘#{systemProperties[‘daily.limit’]}’) and E. @Value(‘#{systemProperties.daily.limit}’)

Question no 3 :

Which two of the following are key principles of RESTful architecture? (Choose two.)

A. RESTful applications use a stateless architecture.
B. RESTful applications use HTTP headers and status codes as contracts with the clients.
C. RESTful applications cannot use caching.
D. RESTful applications keep track of the client state.
E. RESTful applications prefer tight coupling between clients and servers.

Explanation:

REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style used for designing networked applications, typically over HTTP. RESTful applications are designed to be scalable, stateless, and decoupled, focusing on the principles that allow clients and servers to communicate effectively without dependency on each other’s state.

Option A: "RESTful applications use a stateless architecture."
This option is correct. One of the core principles of REST is that it is stateless, meaning that each request from a client to the server must contain all the information needed to understand and process the request. The server does not store any state between requests.
Option B: "RESTful applications use HTTP headers and status codes as contracts with the clients."
This option is correct. HTTP headers and status codes are essential in RESTful APIs. Headers carry metadata about the request and response, and status codes inform the client about the result of the operation (e.g., 200 for success, 404 for not found).
Option C: "RESTful applications cannot use caching."
This option is incorrect. Caching is actually a supported and important feature in RESTful applications, as it improves performance by reducing the need for repeated requests to the server. HTTP headers like Cache-Control are used to enable caching.
Option D: "RESTful applications keep track of the client state."
This option is incorrect. RESTful services are designed to be stateless, meaning the server does not keep track of any state between requests. Each request is independent, and all necessary information should be provided by the client in each request.
Option E: "RESTful applications prefer tight coupling between clients and servers."
This option is incorrect. RESTful applications are designed to be loosely coupled. The client and server communicate via standard HTTP protocols without being dependent on each other’s internal implementation. This decoupling allows for better scalability and flexibility.

Correct Answers: A. RESTful applications use a stateless architecture and B. RESTful applications use HTTP headers and status codes as contracts with the clients.

Question no 4:

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the use of mocks in a Spring Boot web slice test?

A. To mock a Spring Bean, it must be annotated with the @MockBean annotation.
B. If a Spring Bean is already present in the web slice test’s Spring context, it cannot be mocked.
C. Mocks cannot be used in a Spring Boot web slice test.
D. To mock a Spring Bean, it must be annotated with the @Mock annotation.

Explanation:

In Spring Boot testing, especially in web slice tests, it's important to manage mock beans properly to simulate specific behaviors in the test environment without involving the actual services or databases. The @MockBean annotation is crucial in such cases.

Option A: "To mock a Spring Bean, it must be annotated with @MockBean annotation."
This option is correct. The @MockBean annotation is used to create mock instances of Spring Beans within the Spring context for the purposes of testing. It’s typically used in @WebMvcTest or @SliceTest to mock beans that are autowired into the controller but not tested directly. This ensures the mock replaces the actual bean in the context and behaves as expected during the test.
Option B: "If a Spring Bean is already present in the web slice test’s Spring context, it cannot be mocked."
This option is incorrect. Even if a Spring Bean exists in the context, you can still mock it using @MockBean. This annotation allows you to replace the real bean with a mock within the context of the test, enabling you to simulate specific behaviors without interacting with external systems like databases or services.
Option C: "Mocks cannot be used in a Spring Boot web slice test."
This option is incorrect. Mocks can be used in Spring Boot web slice tests, and they are often a critical part of unit testing in a Spring Boot environment. Mocks are created and injected into the context using annotations like @MockBean and @Mock.
Option D: "To mock a Spring Bean, it must be annotated with the @Mock annotation."
This option is incorrect. The @Mock annotation comes from the Mockito framework and is used to create mock objects. However, when testing with Spring Boot and Spring Test, @MockBean is specifically designed to mock Spring Beans in the application context, replacing the real beans with mocks during the test.

Correct Answer: A. To mock a Spring Bean, it must be annotated with the @MockBean annotation.

Question no 5:

Which two of the following statements are true about Spring Security? (Choose two.)

A. Access control can be configured at the method level.
B. A special Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) policy file needs to be configured.
C. Authentication data can be accessed through various mechanisms, including databases and LDAP.
D. The usage of the permitAll() function in the authorization configuration allows completely bypassing Spring Security.
E. Spring Security provides a strict implementation of the Java EE Security specification.

Explanation:

Spring Security is a powerful framework for managing authentication and authorization in Java-based applications. It provides a comprehensive set of features for securing web applications and services. Below are the correct answers and explanations for the question about Spring Security.

Option A: "Access control can be configured at the method level."
This option is correct. Spring Security allows method-level security using annotations such as @PreAuthorize and @Secured. This enables developers to control access to specific methods based on roles, permissions, or expressions, providing fine-grained access control within the application. By using these annotations, you can apply security rules directly at the method level, rather than at the URL or class level.
Option B: "A special Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) policy file needs to be configured."
This option is incorrect. While JAAS is a separate security framework for Java applications, Spring Security does not require a JAAS policy file. Spring Security operates independently of JAAS, offering its own way of managing authentication and authorization without the need for external policy files.
Option C: "Authentication data can be accessed through various mechanisms, including databases and LDAP."
This option is correct. Spring Security is highly flexible and can integrate with multiple authentication sources such as databases, LDAP directories, OAuth2, and more. The framework can be configured to retrieve user credentials, roles, and permissions from various backends, including relational databases and LDAP servers, making it highly adaptable to different authentication systems.
Option D: "The usage of the permitAll() function in the authorization configuration allows completely bypassing Spring Security."
This option is incorrect. The permitAll() method in Spring Security's configuration is used to allow unrestricted access to a particular resource or URL pattern. While it allows public access to certain parts of an application, it does not bypass Spring Security altogether. The rest of the application is still secured according to the rules defined in the configuration, and permitAll() only applies to specific resources.
Option E: "Spring Security provides a strict implementation of the Java EE Security specification."
This option is incorrect. While Spring Security provides robust security features, it does not strictly adhere to the Java EE Security specification. Spring Security is a standalone security framework that offers comprehensive capabilities beyond the Java EE specification, focusing on flexibility and ease of integration with Spring applications.

Correct Answers: A. Access control can be configured at the method level and C. Authentication data can be accessed through various mechanisms, including databases and LDAP.

Question no 6:

Which two of the following statements are accurate regarding a Spring Boot-based Spring MVC application? (Choose two.)

A. The default embedded servlet container can be replaced with Undertow.
B. Jetty is the default servlet container.
C. Spring Boot automatically starts an embedded servlet container.
D. The default port for the embedded servlet container is 8088.
E. Spring MVC automatically starts an in-memory database by default.

Explanation:

Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the setup and configuration of Spring applications by automatically configuring many of the components and services typically required in traditional Spring applications. In Spring Boot-based Spring MVC applications, Spring Boot comes with embedded servlet containers, which means you don't need to configure an external server (like Tomcat or Jetty) explicitly.

Option A: "The default embedded servlet container can be replaced with Undertow."
This option is correct. By default, Spring Boot uses Tomcat as the embedded servlet container. However, Spring Boot also provides support for other servlet containers, such as Undertow and Jetty. You can easily replace the default Tomcat with Undertow by adding the appropriate dependency to your project, which is one of the advantages of Spring Boot's flexibility.
Option B: "Jetty is the default servlet container."
This option is incorrect. The default embedded servlet container in Spring Boot is Tomcat, not Jetty. Jetty can be used as an alternative, but it is not the default unless explicitly configured.
Option C: "Spring Boot automatically starts an embedded servlet container."
This option is correct. One of the main features of Spring Boot is the inclusion of an embedded servlet container. By default, Spring Boot applications start an embedded Tomcat servlet container, allowing you to run the application without needing to deploy it to an external application server. This simplifies the development and deployment process.
Option D: "The default port for the embedded servlet container is 8088."
This option is incorrect. The default port for the embedded servlet container in a Spring Boot application is 8080, not 8088. If you want to change the default port, you can do so by configuring the server.port property in the application.properties file.
Option E: "Spring MVC automatically starts an in-memory database by default."
This option is incorrect. Spring Boot does not automatically start an in-memory database (such as H2) by default. While Spring Boot can auto-configure an in-memory database if it detects a database dependency (like H2), it does not do this by default. If you need an in-memory database, you need to include the appropriate dependencies and configurations.

Correct Answers: A. The default embedded servlet container can be replaced with Undertow and C. Spring Boot automatically starts an embedded servlet container.

Question no 7 :

Which two of the following statements are correct regarding Spring and Spring Boot testing? (Choose two.)

A. EasyMock is supported out of the box.
B. @SpringBootTest or @SpringJUnitConfig can be used to create an ApplicationContext.
C. Mockito spy is not supported in Spring Boot testing by default.
D. The spring-test dependency provides annotations such as @Mock and @MockBean.
E. Both integration testing and slice testing are supported.

Explanation:

Testing is an essential part of the Spring Boot framework, offering a wide range of support for unit, integration, and slice testing. Spring Boot simplifies the configuration of test environments and offers various tools for mocking, dependency injection, and integration testing.

Option A: "EasyMock is supported out of the box."
This option is incorrect. While EasyMock is a framework for mocking objects, it is not supported out of the box by Spring Boot. Spring Boot primarily supports Mockito by default for mocking in tests. If you prefer to use EasyMock, you would need to add the appropriate dependencies manually. Mockito is the most common mocking framework used in Spring Boot.
Option B: "@SpringBootTest or @SpringJUnitConfig can be used to create an ApplicationContext."
This option is correct. Both @SpringBootTest and @SpringJUnitConfig are used to create the ApplicationContext for integration testing. @SpringBootTest is specifically used in Spring Boot tests to load the full Spring context, which is helpful for integration testing. @SpringJUnitConfig is typically used with JUnit 5 for testing Spring components with a smaller, more focused context.
Option C: "Mockito spy is not supported in Spring Boot testing by default."
This option is incorrect. Mockito spy is supported in Spring Boot testing. A spy is a type of partial mock where real methods are called, but some methods can be stubbed. Spring Boot testing does not restrict the use of Mockito spy, so you can use it in your tests for partial mocking.
Option D: "The spring-test dependency provides annotations such as @Mock and @MockBean."
This option is correct. The spring-test module provides support for annotations like @MockBean, which is used to create mock beans in the application context, and @Mock (from Mockito) for mocking objects in unit tests. @MockBean is particularly useful in integration testing when you want to mock Spring-managed beans.
Option E: "Both integration testing and slice testing are supported."
This option is correct. Spring Boot provides support for both integration testing and slice testing. Integration tests typically load the entire application context to test how components work together. Slice tests focus on a smaller part of the application, like testing only the web layer (using @WebMvcTest) or the repository layer (using @DataJpaTest). These focused tests are faster and more isolated, which is beneficial in many situations.

Correct Answers: B. @SpringBootTest or @SpringJUnitConfig can be used to create an ApplicationContext and D. The spring-test dependency provides annotations such as @Mock and @MockBean.

Question no 9:

Which two of the following statements are accurate regarding constructor injection in Spring? (Choose two.)

A. If there is only one constructor, the @Autowired annotation is unnecessary.
B. Constructor injection allows only one value to be injected.
C. Constructor injection is preferred over field injection because it enhances unit testing.
D. Constructor injection can be used with multiple constructors without requiring the @Autowired annotation.
E. Field injection is more preferred than constructor injection for unit testing purposes.

Explanation:

Constructor injection in Spring is a common form of dependency injection where dependencies are provided through the constructor. This method is typically more robust and test-friendly because it makes the dependencies explicit at the time the object is created. Let’s look at each option:

Option A: "If there is only one constructor, the @Autowired annotation is unnecessary."
This statement is correct. Starting from Spring version 4.3, when a class has only a single constructor, Spring automatically uses it for dependency injection without needing the @Autowired annotation. This behavior simplifies the code and eliminates the need for redundant annotations.
Option B: "Constructor injection allows only one value to be injected."
This statement is incorrect. Constructor injection can accept multiple parameters. This means a constructor can inject several dependencies into a class, making it suitable for more complex scenarios where multiple beans are required for the class to function properly.
Option C: "Constructor injection is preferred over field injection because it enhances unit testing."
This statement is correct. Constructor injection is often preferred over field injection in unit testing because it makes dependencies explicit. It is easier to mock and provide dependencies during testing by using constructor injection. This ensures the object is fully initialized with required dependencies at the time of creation, improving testability and reducing hidden dependencies.
Option D: "Constructor injection can be used with multiple constructors without requiring the @Autowired annotation."
This statement is incorrect. If a class has multiple constructors, Spring will not automatically choose the correct constructor unless the @Autowired annotation is applied. Without it, Spring cannot determine which constructor to use, leading to a failure during bean creation. The annotation is required to indicate which constructor should be used for injection.
Option E: "Field injection is more preferred than constructor injection for unit testing purposes."
This statement is incorrect. Field injection is not preferred for unit testing because it hides dependencies, making it harder to test the class in isolation. Since field injection relies on reflection to inject dependencies, it is less transparent and more difficult to control during unit testing. Constructor injection, by making dependencies explicit, is a better choice for unit testing.

Correct Answers: A. If there is only one constructor, the @Autowired annotation is unnecessary and C. Constructor injection is preferred over field injection because it enhances unit testing.

Question no 9:

Given an ApplicationContext containing three bean definitions of type Foo, identified as foo1, foo2, and foo3, which three @Autowired configurations are valid and will allow the ApplicationContext to initialize successfully? (Choose three.)

A. @Autowired public void setFoo(Foo foo) {…}
B. @Autowired @Qualifier(“foo3”) Foo foo;
C. @Autowired public void setFoo(@Qualifier(“foo1”) Foo foo) {…}
D. @Autowired private Foo foo;
E. @Autowired private Foo foo2;
F. @Autowired public void setFoo(Foo foo2) {…}

Explanation:

In Spring, the @Autowired annotation is used to automatically inject dependencies into beans. If there are multiple beans of the same type, Spring may not know which one to inject unless a qualifier is used. The @Qualifier annotation helps to specify which bean should be injected when multiple candidates exist. Let’s examine each option:

Option A: "@Autowired public void setFoo(Foo foo) {…}"
This statement is valid. When the @Autowired annotation is applied to a setter method, Spring will attempt to inject a bean of type Foo. If there is only one Foo bean in the context, Spring will automatically inject it. However, if there are multiple Foo beans, Spring will attempt to match the bean by name. This configuration is valid as long as Spring can resolve which Foo bean to inject.
Option B: "@Autowired @Qualifier(“foo3”) Foo foo;"
This statement is valid. The @Qualifier("foo3") annotation explicitly specifies that the bean with the name foo3 should be injected. Since the bean foo3 exists in the ApplicationContext, Spring will inject it correctly. The @Qualifier annotation disambiguates the injection when there are multiple candidates of the same type.
Option C: "@Autowired public void setFoo(@Qualifier(“foo1”) Foo foo) {…}"
This statement is valid. The @Qualifier("foo1") ensures that the bean named foo1 is injected into the setter method. The @Autowired annotation works in conjunction with @Qualifier to select the correct bean. Since foo1 exists in the ApplicationContext, this configuration will work as expected.
Option D: "@Autowired private Foo foo;"
This statement is valid if there is only one Foo bean in the ApplicationContext. If there are multiple beans of type Foo, Spring will not know which one to inject unless a @Qualifier annotation is used to disambiguate the injection. Without a @Qualifier, this configuration will fail if multiple Foo beans are present.
Option E: "@Autowired private Foo foo2;"
This statement is valid as long as there is a bean named foo2 in the ApplicationContext. Spring will inject the foo2 bean into the field. However, if there are multiple Foo beans, Spring will fail to resolve which one to inject unless a @Qualifier annotation is used to specify the correct one.
Option F: "@Autowired public void setFoo(Foo foo2) {…}"
This statement is valid if there is a bean named foo2 in the ApplicationContext. The @Autowired annotation will inject the foo2 bean into the setter method. Since the bean name is explicitly specified as foo2, Spring will inject the correct bean.

Correct Answers: A. @Autowired public void setFoo(Foo foo) {…}, B. @Autowired @Qualifier(“foo3”) Foo foo;, and C. @Autowired public void setFoo(@Qualifier(“foo1”) Foo foo) {…}.