Cisco 400-007 Practice Test Questions, Exam Dumps

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400-007 Cisco Practice Test Questions and Exam Dumps

Question No 1:

Company XYZ is planning to deploy both primary and secondary (disaster recovery) data center sites. Each of these sites will have redundant SAN fabrics, and data protection is expected between the sites. The two data center sites are located 100 miles (160 km) apart, with target Recovery Point Objectives (RPO) of 3 hours and Recovery Time Objectives (RTO) of 24 hours. Which two factors should Company XYZ consider when deploying replication between the sites? (Choose two.)

A. The one-way delay introduced by the distance between sites may prevent meeting the target RPO/RTO.
B. VSANs must be extended between the primary and secondary sites to improve performance and availability.
C. VSANs must be routed between the sites to isolate fault domains and enhance overall availability.
D. Synchronous data replication must be implemented to meet the business RPO/RTO requirements.
E. Asynchronous data replication should be used in this scenario to avoid performance degradation on the primary site.

Correct Answer:

A. The one-way delay introduced by the distance between sites may prevent meeting the target RPO/RTO.
E. Asynchronous data replication should be used in this scenario to avoid performance degradation on the primary site.

Explanation:

When deploying data replication between two geographically separated data center sites, multiple factors must be considered to ensure that the desired Recovery Point Objective (RPO) and Recovery Time Objective (RTO) can be met. Let's break down each of the options to understand why the correct answers are A and E:

Option A: The one-way delay introduced by the distance between sites may prevent meeting the target RPO/RTO.

This statement is correct. The 100-mile (160 km) distance between the primary and secondary data centers introduces a one-way delay in the data transmission, which can affect both RPO and RTO. Synchronous replication, which requires immediate acknowledgment from the secondary site, is sensitive to latency, and the delay caused by this distance can result in failures to meet the target RPO (3 hours) and RTO (24 hours). Thus, the network delay between the sites is a critical factor in determining the type of replication to be used.

Option E: Asynchronous data replication should be used in this scenario to avoid performance degradation on the primary site.

This statement is correct. Given the distance between the two sites and the target RPO/RTO, asynchronous replication is the better choice. In asynchronous replication, data is written to the primary site and then asynchronously replicated to the secondary site after a short delay. This avoids performance degradation on the primary site, as the primary site doesn't need to wait for acknowledgment from the secondary site, which is important when there is a significant distance between the sites.

Option B: VSANs must be extended between the primary and secondary sites to improve performance and availability.

This statement is incorrect. While extending VSANs across sites can be beneficial for certain configurations, it is not specifically required for performance and availability in this context. Instead, focusing on the replication method and ensuring that it aligns with RPO/RTO targets is a higher priority.

Option C: VSANs must be routed between the sites to isolate fault domains and enhance overall availability.

This statement is incorrect. Routing VSANs between sites is unnecessary in this scenario and does not directly impact the performance of replication. The goal should be to optimize replication, not to route VSANs between sites.

Option D: Synchronous data replication must be implemented to meet the business RPO/RTO requirements.

This statement is incorrect. Synchronous replication requires low-latency links, and the 100-mile distance between sites may introduce too much latency, preventing the company from meeting its RPO and RTO targets. Asynchronous replication is a better choice in this case.

In scenarios where there is significant geographical separation between data centers, asynchronous replication (Option E) is often the best approach to avoid performance issues. Additionally, network latency (Option A) must be carefully considered, as it can affect the ability to meet RPO and RTO requirements.

Question No 2:

An architect receives a business requirement from the CTO stating that the Recovery Time Objective (RTO) and Recovery Point Objective (RPO) for a new system should be as close to zero as possible. Which replication method and data center technology should the architect choose to meet this requirement?

A. Synchronous replication over geographically dispersed dual data centers via MPLS
B. Synchronous replication over dual data centers via Metro Ethernet
C. Asynchronous replication over geographically dispersed dual data centers via CWDM
D. Asynchronous replication over dual data centers via DWDM

Correct Answer:
B. Synchronous replication over dual data centers via Metro Ethernet

Explanation:

When addressing the business requirement for zero RTO and zero RPO, the focus is on ensuring that both the recovery time (how quickly the system can be restored) and the data loss (how much data can be lost during a failure) are minimized to virtually nothing. Let's evaluate the options to identify the best solution.

Option A: Synchronous replication over geographically dispersed dual data centers via MPLS

This solution involves synchronous replication across geographically dispersed data centers. MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) is a private network technology that can offer low latency; however, the geographical distance between data centers can introduce latency, making synchronous replication difficult. MPLS could be effective but doesn't necessarily ensure zero RTO and zero RPO because the distance can still lead to delays and data loss.

Option B: Synchronous replication over dual data centers via Metro Ethernet

This is the best option for achieving near-zero RTO and RPO. Metro Ethernet is designed for high-speed, low-latency communication between geographically close data centers (within a metropolitan area). With synchronous replication, data is mirrored between the two data centers in real time, ensuring zero data loss and minimal recovery time. The proximity of the data centers and the performance of Metro Ethernet technology make this the optimal choice for achieving near-zero RTO and RPO.

Option C: Asynchronous replication over geographically dispersed dual data centers via CWDM

While asynchronous replication is less latency-sensitive, it does not meet the zero RPO requirement because there will always be some delay between when data is written to the primary data center and when it is replicated to the secondary. CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) can provide high bandwidth, but this combination won't ensure zero data loss.

Option D: Asynchronous replication over dual data centers via DWDM

DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is a high-capacity fiber-optic technology, but like CWDM, asynchronous replication introduces a delay in data synchronization. Asynchronous replication cannot guarantee zero RPO because of the inherent data lag.

For zero RTO and zero RPO, synchronous replication over Metro Ethernet (Option B) is the best choice, as it minimizes both recovery time and data loss with low latency and high-speed connectivity between closely located data centers.

Question No 3:

An architect has been given a business requirement from the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) that specifies the Recovery Time Objective (RTO) and Recovery Point Objective (RPO) for a new system should be as close to zero as possible. Which replication method and data center connectivity technology should the architect choose to best meet this requirement?

Correct Answer:
B. Synchronous replication over dual data centers via Metro Ethernet

Explanation:

In scenarios where the Recovery Time Objective (RTO) and Recovery Point Objective (RPO) need to be as close to zero as possible, the primary goal is to minimize both the data loss (RPO) and the downtime (RTO). To meet these strict requirements, it's essential to choose the appropriate replication method and data center connectivity technology.

Option A: Synchronous replication over geographically dispersed dual data centers via MPLS

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) is a private network protocol that can be used for low-latency communication. While MPLS can work for synchronous replication over geographically dispersed sites, the long distance between data centers can introduce delays and challenges with maintaining zero RPO due to latency. The geographic distance can also hinder the ability to ensure zero downtime (RTO). Therefore, while MPLS could provide an adequate connection, it’s not the best option for this specific requirement.

Option B: Synchronous replication over dual data centers via Metro Ethernet

Metro Ethernet provides high-speed, low-latency connections between closely located data centers. This is the best option for ensuring synchronous replication, which guarantees that data is mirrored in real-time between the two data centers. The short distance between the data centers, coupled with the high-speed nature of Metro Ethernet, allows for near-instantaneous replication, ensuring zero data loss and minimal recovery time. This makes it the most suitable choice for achieving zero RTO and zero RPO.

Option C: Asynchronous replication over geographically dispersed dual data centers via CWDM

CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is a fiber-optic technology that can support high-capacity data transfer between data centers. However, asynchronous replication introduces latency because data is not immediately written to the secondary site. This means data loss (RPO) will not be zero due to the delay in replication, making it unsuitable for this requirement.

Option D: Asynchronous replication over dual data centers via DWDM

DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is another high-capacity fiber-optic technology, but like CWDM, it uses asynchronous replication. While it offers high bandwidth, asynchronous replication still introduces a delay, meaning that RPO is not zero, which does not meet the business requirement of zero data loss.

For zero RTO and zero RPO, synchronous replication over Metro Ethernet (Option B) is the optimal solution because it provides real-time data synchronization with minimal latency, ensuring both zero data loss and recovery time.

Question No 4:

Which network management framework is best suited for developing a network architecture that includes business requirements analysis, gap analysis, and network diagrams to be used for future design and implementation?

A. FCAPS
B. Cobit
C. TOGAF
D. ITIL

Correct Answer:
C. TOGAF

Explanation:

In the context of developing a network architecture that includes business requirements analysis, gap analysis, and network diagrams, the goal is to have a structured framework that helps in designing and implementing complex networks. Let's review the options to determine which framework best supports these activities.

Option A: FCAPS

FCAPS (Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, and Security) is a network management model used primarily for operational management and monitoring of networks. It is excellent for maintaining and managing existing network infrastructure, but it is not designed for network architecture development, business analysis, or gap analysis. Therefore, FCAPS is not suitable for this use case.

Option B: Cobit

COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies) is a framework for IT governance and management. It provides guidelines for managing IT processes and ensuring that IT is aligned with business goals. While COBIT is valuable for governance and control, it doesn't specifically focus on developing network architectures or addressing business requirements analysis and gap analysis. It is more centered around IT management and auditing rather than network design.

Option C: TOGAF

TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) is specifically designed for enterprise architecture development. It provides a comprehensive approach for creating network architectures and includes phases such as Architecture Vision, Business Architecture, and Technology Architecture. TOGAF is highly suited for business requirements analysis, gap analysis, and creating network diagrams. It focuses on aligning business needs with technology, and it includes tools for ensuring that the architecture is designed effectively for future implementation.

Option D: ITIL

ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) is a framework for IT service management (ITSM) that focuses on the efficient delivery of IT services. While it provides useful guidelines for IT operations, incident management, and service design, ITIL is not primarily aimed at network architecture development or gap analysis in the way TOGAF is. Its focus is on managing and delivering IT services, rather than on creating architectures for network design.

The most suitable framework for developing a network architecture that includes business requirements analysis, gap analysis, and network diagrams for future design and implementation is TOGAF. It provides a structured, comprehensive approach to enterprise architecture that aligns well with the needs of this scenario.

Question No 5:

Which two types of planning approaches are commonly used to develop business-driven network designs and to aid in making design decisions? (Choose two.)

A. Strategic planning approach
B. Business optimization approach
C. Tactical planning approach
D. Modular approach
E. Cost optimization approach

Correct Answer:

A. Strategic planning approach

C. Tactical planning approach

Explanation:

In the process of developing business-driven network designs, network architects and IT teams need to take various approaches that align with business objectives while ensuring technical feasibility. Let's examine the two approaches most relevant to facilitating these design decisions.

Option A: Strategic planning approach

Strategic planning refers to long-term planning where the focus is on aligning the network design with the overarching goals and direction of the business. In this approach, the design decisions are driven by the company’s vision and future growth objectives. Strategic planning helps ensure that the network is scalable, resilient, and adaptable to the business's evolving needs. It also involves identifying emerging technologies and trends that can support the business's long-term objectives.
In this context, strategic planning is critical for ensuring that the network infrastructure will support the company’s goals over an extended period. It takes into account the business’s current and future needs, and ensures that decisions made today align with the company’s long-term vision.

Option C: Tactical planning approach

Tactical planning is the process of translating the strategic goals into actionable, short- to medium-term plans. While strategic planning provides the big-picture direction, tactical planning focuses on the practical implementation of these ideas. It involves making design decisions that are necessary to meet specific business goals within a set time frame.
This approach looks at current market conditions, operational needs, and resource availability. Tactical planning is essential in bridging the gap between the strategic vision and day-to-day operations, making it a critical approach in designing a business-driven network. It helps guide network architects through the necessary adjustments and improvements to the network infrastructure based on current requirements.

Other Options:

B. Business optimization approach is about improving the existing network's efficiency rather than focusing on future designs.
D. Modular approach involves breaking the network into smaller, manageable parts but doesn't directly focus on aligning with business goals.
E. Cost optimization approach focuses on reducing costs, which is important but not directly related to aligning design with business needs.

The strategic planning approach and tactical planning approach are both essential for aligning network designs with business objectives. The strategic approach sets the direction, while the tactical approach ensures the design can be implemented effectively to meet the business's needs.

Question No 6:

A customer is evaluating connectivity options for a Data Center Interconnect (DCI) between two production data centers to support a large-scale migration project. The solution must provide a single 10G connection between the locations and allow the customer to manage its own Quality of Service (QoS) profiles without requiring service provider interaction, based on the different stages of the migration. The connectivity will only be needed for one year. Which transport technology would be the most cost-effective for this one-year requirement?

A. DWDM over dark fiber
B. Metro Ethernet
C. MPLS with wires only
D. CWDM over dark fiber

Correct Answer:

B. Metro Ethernet

Explanation:

When evaluating the most cost-effective transport technology for a Data Center Interconnect (DCI) that meets the specified requirements, we need to consider several factors, such as the duration of the requirement (one year), the need for self-managed QoS, and the overall cost efficiency.

Option A: DWDM over dark fiber

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is an advanced optical technology used to transmit large amounts of data over long distances, typically in dark fiber infrastructure. However, DWDM systems are expensive to implement because they require specialized equipment for wavelength multiplexing and de-multiplexing. In this scenario, where the DCI is only needed for one year, the initial setup cost of DWDM makes it a less attractive option for a short-term requirement.

Option B: Metro Ethernet

Metro Ethernet is a cost-effective solution for connecting data centers within metropolitan areas. It provides a managed, flexible solution that allows for service-level agreements (SLAs) and often gives the ability to manage QoS profiles, making it a great fit for this migration project. It is typically offered on a lease basis, which makes it more economical for short-term requirements (such as one year). Since it is a widely available service, Metro Ethernet offers the best balance of cost-effectiveness and performance for a short-term DCI solution.

Option C: MPLS with wires only

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) is a versatile routing technique used in wide-area networks (WANs). While it supports QoS, it often requires more complex configurations and may come with higher costs, particularly for short-term projects. Additionally, MPLS is typically used for large-scale, long-term WAN architectures, making it less cost-effective for a one-year need compared to Metro Ethernet.

Option D: CWDM over dark fiber

Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) is another optical technology similar to DWDM but is less expensive due to fewer wavelengths being multiplexed. While CWDM could be a cost-effective solution for long-term deployments, it would still require the purchase or lease of dark fiber and associated equipment, making it more expensive and less ideal for a short-term project.

Given that Metro Ethernet is widely available, cost-effective, and suitable for short-term contracts, it provides the most cost-effective solution for a one-year requirement that supports the customer’s need for self-managed QoS profiles without extensive service provider interaction. Therefore, Metro Ethernet is the best choice.

Question No 7:

A customer is evaluating connectivity options for a Data Center Interconnect (DCI) between two production data centers. The solution must provide dual 10G connections between the locations with no single points of failure for the first year. Additionally, the solution should have the capability to scale to up to 20 resilient 10G connections in the second year to accommodate isolated SAN over IP and dedicated replication IP circuits. All connectivity methods are duplex 10 Gbps. Which transport technology would be the most cost-effective over a two-year period for this scenario?

A. CWDM
B. DWDM
C. MPLS
D. Metro Ethernet

Correct Answer:

A. CWDM

Explanation:

When evaluating transport technologies for a Data Center Interconnect (DCI), several factors come into play, including the required performance (10G connections), redundancy, scalability, and cost. Here's a breakdown of each option:

Option A: CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing)

CWDM is an optical multiplexing technology that allows multiple signals to be transmitted over a single fiber optic connection, each using different wavelengths. This solution is highly cost-effective for scaling network capacity, especially for short to medium-distance connections, such as between two data centers. CWDM provides a good balance between cost and capacity, supporting up to 8-16 wavelengths on a single fiber pair.
Scaling: CWDM can easily scale by adding more wavelengths, which fits the requirement of scaling to 20 resilient 10G connections in the second year. Since CWDM uses fewer wavelengths compared to DWDM, it is a lower-cost solution for the required scaling.
Redundancy: The solution can provide dual fiber connections with no single points of failure, making it ideal for Day 1 operations, ensuring redundancy and reliability.

Option B: DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing)

DWDM offers a higher number of wavelengths (up to 80 or more per fiber pair), making it a more expensive option. While DWDM provides greater scalability, the cost per wavelength is significantly higher than CWDM. For a two-year project with the given scalability requirements, DWDM may be overkill and not the most cost-effective solution.

Option C: MPLS

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) is a versatile solution but is often more expensive for large-scale, resilient data center interconnects, especially when the need for specific QoS (Quality of Service) and dedicated circuits arises. Additionally, MPLS does not inherently provide the same level of optical scalability as CWDM or DWDM, making it less cost-efficient for this scenario.

Option D: Metro Ethernet

Metro Ethernet offers good scalability and is cost-effective, but it often involves recurring costs, particularly for high-speed connections like 10G. Metro Ethernet would require more infrastructure and service provider involvement for scaling, making it less cost-effective for the specific needs of this scenario, especially for high-capacity, low-latency connections.

Given the need for dual 10G connections with scalability for up to 20 resilient connections, CWDM is the most cost-effective solution. It provides the required performance, redundancy, and cost efficiency over a two-year period, with the flexibility to scale using additional wavelengths.

Question No 8:

When designing a network, it's important to align the design with the organization's business goals. Which two of the following are examples of business goals that should be considered during the network design process? (Choose two.)

A. Integrate endpoint posture
B. Ensure faster obsolescence
C. Minimize operational costs
D. Reduce complexity
E. Standardize resiliency

Correct Answer:

C. Minimize operational costs

D. Reduce complexity

Explanation:

Network design isn't just a technical process; it must also reflect the business objectives and goals of the organization. The design of the network should be aimed at fulfilling the business's operational needs while maintaining cost efficiency, scalability, and reliability. Below is a detailed look at the correct business goals to consider during network design:

Minimize Operational Costs (C):

One of the primary business goals in any IT infrastructure, including network design, is to minimize operational costs. Networks require regular maintenance, monitoring, and support, which can be expensive. By designing a network with cost-efficiency in mind, businesses can reduce ongoing operational expenses. This can be achieved through the selection of cost-effective hardware, optimizing bandwidth, implementing automation for routine tasks, and ensuring that the network design is scalable, thus avoiding unnecessary upgrades. A network that requires less manual intervention, consumes less power, and is easier to manage will lower the total cost of ownership (TCO).

Reduce Complexity (D):

Another business goal when designing a network is to reduce complexity. A simpler network design is easier to manage, troubleshoot, and expand. Complex networks can lead to higher operational costs, increased downtime, and more resources spent on maintenance and management. By streamlining network architecture, businesses can ensure that they are more agile, capable of responding to issues quickly, and able to scale more efficiently. Simplicity in design, such as using fewer devices or consolidating functions, can also reduce the risk of errors and improve overall network performance.

Why Not the Other Options?

Integrate endpoint posture (A): While endpoint security is important, it is more of a technical objective than a core business goal. The goal should be business-driven security but integrating endpoint posture alone is not a primary network design business goal.
Ensure faster obsolescence (B): The goal of any network design is to maximize the lifespan of the infrastructure. Faster obsolescence increases the total cost and disrupts operations.
Standardize resiliency (E): While resiliency is crucial in network design, it's more of a technical characteristic than a business goal. However, ensuring high availability and redundancy is usually aligned with operational continuity, which is indirectly a business goal.

The two main business goals when designing a network should focus on minimizing operational costs and reducing complexity. These goals align the network design with the organization’s objective of improving efficiency, performance, and long-term sustainability.