Fortinet FCP_FAZ_AD-7.4 Practice Test Questions, Exam Dumps

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FCP_FAZ_AD-7.4 Fortinet Practice Test Questions and Exam Dumps

Question No 1:

Which two statements regarding ADOM modes are true? (Choose two.)

A. In normal mode, the disk quota of the ADOM is fixed and cannot be modified, but in advanced mode, the disk quota of the ADOM is flexible.
B. You can change ADOM modes only through the CLI.
C. In an advanced mode ADOM, you can assign FortiGate VDOMs from a single FortiGate device to multiple FortiAnalyzer ADOMs.
D. Normal mode is the default ADOM mode.

Answer: C, D

Explanation:

ADOMs, or Administrative Domains, are logical partitions within FortiAnalyzer that allow administrators to segment management and logging for different FortiGate devices or VDOMs. FortiAnalyzer supports two ADOM modes: normal mode and advanced mode. Each has different use cases and capabilities depending on how granular or flexible your deployment needs to be.

Let’s evaluate the options:

A. In normal mode, the disk quota of the ADOM is fixed and cannot be modified, but in advanced mode, the disk quota of the ADOM is flexible.
This statement is incorrect. Both normal and advanced modes allow for configurable disk quotas for ADOMs. The disk quota is not inherently tied to the ADOM mode in terms of flexibility. Instead, ADOM modes affect how FortiGate devices and VDOMs are assigned across ADOMs, not how disk space is allocated.
B. You can change ADOM modes only through the CLI.
This is not correct. While the CLI can be used to change ADOM modes, it is also possible to change ADOM modes through the FortiAnalyzer GUI in newer versions. The system settings allow for toggling between normal and advanced modes, although such a change may require a system reboot or reinitialization of ADOMs. This makes the statement technically incorrect because it's not exclusive to the CLI.
C. In an advanced mode ADOM, you can assign FortiGate VDOMs from a single FortiGate device to multiple FortiAnalyzer ADOMs.
This is correct. One of the defining features of advanced ADOM mode is the ability to assign different VDOMs from a single FortiGate to different ADOMs in FortiAnalyzer. This offers a greater degree of granularity and administrative control, especially in multi-tenant environments or where different departments manage separate VDOMs. In contrast, normal mode restricts all VDOMs of a FortiGate to be managed within a single ADOM.
D. Normal mode is the default ADOM mode.
This is correct. When FortiAnalyzer is initially set up, the system defaults to normal mode for ADOMs. This mode treats the entire FortiGate (including all of its VDOMs) as a single unit, which is assigned to one ADOM. This is sufficient for simpler environments where there is no need to segment VDOMs across multiple administrative domains.

Conclusion: The correct statements are C and D. Advanced mode offers increased flexibility with VDOM assignments, and normal mode is the default configuration in FortiAnalyzer.

Question No 2:

What is the purpose of the FortiAnalyzer command diagnose system print netstat?

A. It provides network statistics for active connections, including the protocols, IP addresses, and connection states.
B. It provides the complete routing table, including directly connected routes.
C. It provides the static DNS table, including the host names and their expiration timers.
D. It provides NTP server information, including server IPs, stratum, poll time, and latency.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation:

The diagnose system print netstat command on FortiAnalyzer is primarily used to display detailed information about network connections currently active on the system. This includes the state of each connection, the source and destination IP addresses, the associated ports, and the protocol (TCP or UDP) used.

Understanding this command requires a look at the nature of FortiAnalyzer as a log management and analytics platform. As FortiAnalyzer interacts with various Fortinet devices like FortiGate firewalls, it's crucial that network administrators have the ability to inspect active connections to troubleshoot communication issues, detect anomalies, or validate the health of network connections. That’s where this command becomes essential.

Let’s examine why A is the correct answer. This option accurately describes what the command does: it prints a list of network sockets and their states. It's similar in functionality to the Unix/Linux netstat command, which also reports on network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships. However, in FortiAnalyzer, this command focuses on showing active sessions and their status, helping administrators confirm which services are listening and which IPs are connected to them.

Now let’s eliminate the incorrect options:

B suggests the command shows the routing table, which is incorrect. FortiAnalyzer has different commands like get router info routing-table all (on FortiGate) or similar routing diagnostics for viewing routing information, not diagnose system print netstat.

C refers to DNS information, which is also not something this command provides. DNS cache or static entries might be seen using other diagnostic or configuration display commands, but not netstat.

D talks about NTP (Network Time Protocol) settings and synchronization details. Again, these are accessed using specific NTP-related diagnostics such as diagnose sys ntp status, not through the netstat command.

To summarize, the command diagnose system print netstat is invaluable for network diagnostics on FortiAnalyzer. It allows system administrators to assess live network activity, see which services are in use, detect potential unauthorized access, and generally maintain the integrity of the device’s network operations. This function becomes crucial in real-time monitoring and in forensic analysis if suspicious network behavior is observed. Knowing how to use such tools effectively contributes significantly to robust network security and system performance.

Question No 3:

The exhibit shows the creation of a new administrator on FortiAnalyzer. What are two effects of enabling the choice Match all users on remote server when configuring a new administrator? (Choose two.)

A. It allows user accounts in the LDAP server to use two-factor authentication.
B. It creates a wildcard administrator using an LDAP server.
C. User Remote-Admin from the LDAP server will be able to log in to FortiAnalyzer at any time.
D. Administrators can log in to FortiAnalyzer using their credentials on the remote LDAP server.

Correct Answer: B, D

Explanation:

In FortiAnalyzer, when configuring administrator accounts to authenticate against an external directory such as LDAP, there is an option labeled "Match all users on remote server". This option has specific implications for how administrator access is granted through the remote authentication system.

Let’s break down each answer choice:

A. It allows user accounts in the LDAP server to use two-factor authentication.
This is incorrect. While FortiAnalyzer does support two-factor authentication, simply enabling "Match all users on remote server" does not automatically configure or enforce two-factor authentication for LDAP users. That configuration is handled separately and requires integration with a two-factor authentication mechanism such as FortiToken or a third-party service. Therefore, this option is not directly related to the effect of enabling this setting.

B. It creates a wildcard administrator using an LDAP server.
This is correct. Enabling "Match all users on remote server" effectively creates a wildcard administrator, meaning any authenticated user from the remote server (in this case, the LDAP server) who matches the specified criteria (such as group membership or filter) will be granted administrator access as per the permissions defined in the admin profile. You are not defining a single user account here; you're creating a flexible rule that matches multiple users from the directory.

C. User Remote-Admin from the LDAP server will be able to log in to FortiAnalyzer at any time.
This is partially misleading. While it's true that a user such as Remote-Admin from LDAP may be able to log in if they meet the criteria of the configuration (such as group match), this option overgeneralizes and assumes too much certainty. Whether Remote-Admin can log in depends on the actual directory filters, access profiles, and group membership—it's not an automatic guarantee. Therefore, this is not universally correct.

D. Administrators can log in to FortiAnalyzer using their credentials on the remote LDAP server.
This is correct. By enabling "Match all users on remote server", administrators who authenticate against the remote server (LDAP) using their own credentials can log in to FortiAnalyzer without needing a local account defined per user. The system checks the credentials against the remote server and, if successful and matching, permits access as defined by the admin profile linked to that configuration.

Summary: The two accurate outcomes of enabling "Match all users on remote server" in FortiAnalyzer are:

B: It creates a wildcard administrator using LDAP.
D: It enables administrators to log in using their LDAP credentials, as authentication is handled by the external server.

Question No 4:

What does the 'Unauthorized' connection status indicate for a new device on FortiAnalyzer?

A. It is a device whose registration has not yet been accepted in FortiAnalyzer.
B. It is a device that has not yet been assigned an ADOM.
C. It is a device that is waiting for you to configure a pre-shared key.
D. It is a device that FortiAnalyzer does not support.

Answer: A

Explanation:

When a new device, such as a FortiGate firewall, attempts to establish communication with FortiAnalyzer, it must first undergo a registration process. During this process, the device sends a registration request to FortiAnalyzer, indicating its intent to be managed and monitored.

If the device appears with a connection status of 'Unauthorized' in FortiAnalyzer, it signifies that the device's registration request has been received but not yet approved by an administrator. In this state, the device is recognized by FortiAnalyzer but is not yet authorized to send logs or be managed.

To authorize the device, an administrator must manually accept the registration request within FortiAnalyzer. This step is crucial to ensure that only trusted devices are allowed to communicate with and be managed by FortiAnalyzer.

Let's examine the other options:

B. Assigning an Administrative Domain (ADOM) is a subsequent step after a device has been authorized. While ADOMs help in organizing and managing devices, the lack of an ADOM assignment does not result in an 'Unauthorized' status.
C. Pre-shared keys are typically used for secure communication between devices. However, the absence of a pre-shared key configuration does not directly lead to an 'Unauthorized' status. The 'Unauthorized' status specifically pertains to the pending approval of a device's registration request.
D. If FortiAnalyzer does not support a particular device, it would not recognize or display the device at all. An 'Unauthorized' status indicates that the device is recognized but awaiting approval, not that it is unsupported.

In summary, an 'Unauthorized' connection status on FortiAnalyzer means that the device's registration request has been received but not yet accepted by an administrator. Once approved, the device can begin sending logs and be managed by FortiAnalyzer.

Question No 5:

What is the purpose of configuring FortiAnalyzer with the settings displayed in the image?

A. To increase reliability
B. To expand bandwidth
C. To maximize resiliency
D. To improve security

Correct answer: C

Explanation:

Although the image is not available, this question relates to FortiAnalyzer configurations, particularly in a high availability (HA) or distributed deployment context. When FortiAnalyzer is configured in specific ways—such as using HA clusters, log forwarding across multiple units, or automatic failover mechanisms—the primary goal is often to ensure continuity of service and data integrity in the event of system failure. This leads us to focus on resiliency as the key objective.

Let’s analyze the choices:

Option A: "To increase reliability"

This is a tempting but incomplete answer. While resilient systems often exhibit increased reliability, reliability refers to the consistency of a system’s performance under expected conditions. FortiAnalyzer HA or redundant setups may enhance reliability indirectly, but their primary goal is to ensure the system can recover or continue to operate in the face of disruptions, which aligns more directly with resiliency.

Option B: "To expand bandwidth"

This is incorrect. FortiAnalyzer configurations rarely aim to expand network bandwidth. Bandwidth is more related to throughput on network interfaces or link aggregation. While FortiAnalyzer must process large volumes of logs, it is not configured for bandwidth expansion in the same way as a router or switch might be.

Option C: "To maximize resiliency"

This is the correct answer. FortiAnalyzer configurations that involve HA, multiple interfaces, log redundancy, or automatic device failover are explicitly designed to maximize resiliency. This means the system can withstand failures, maintain uptime, and continue logging and analysis functions without loss of critical data. Resiliency ensures the analytics infrastructure is durable and can continue providing services during component or system failures.

Examples of resiliency-focused configurations in FortiAnalyzer include:

Deploying in collector and analyzer modes for log distribution and continuity.
Setting up RAID or disk mirroring to protect against hardware failure.
Using failover settings in HA clusters.
Employing log forwarding to multiple destinations to prevent data loss.

Option D: "To improve security"

While FortiAnalyzer contributes to an organization’s security by analyzing logs, detecting threats, and providing visibility, the configuration being described—likely an HA or redundancy setting—is not directly improving security. Instead, it ensures the availability of log analysis services, which is a part of overall system resilience, not directly about hardening or improving security posture.

Conclusion:

The purpose of configuring FortiAnalyzer with those settings is to maximize resiliency, ensuring the system remains functional and reliable even in the face of hardware or network failures. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question No 6:

What are offline logs on FortiAnalyzer?

A. Compressed logs, also known as archive logs
B. Logs that are indexed and stored in the SQL database
C. Any logs collected from offline devices after they boot up
D. Real-time logs that are not yet indexed

Answer: A

Explanation:

On FortiAnalyzer, offline logs refer to compressed logs, which are also known as archive logs. These are log files that are no longer in active use for immediate querying or reporting and have been archived to conserve space and improve system performance. Once logs are processed and no longer needed for rapid retrieval, FortiAnalyzer can move them from the real-time log database (SQL) to a compressed format stored on disk, marking them as offline.

Let’s analyze each of the answer choices:

A. Compressed logs, also known as archive logs
This is the correct answer. On FortiAnalyzer, offline logs are exactly that—compressed archives of log files that are not stored in the live SQL database. These logs have typically been moved from the log database (which supports fast query performance) to compressed storage in order to optimize disk usage. These logs can still be accessed if needed, but they require decompression or re-indexing to be used in reporting or analysis.
B. Logs that are indexed and stored in the SQL database
This option is incorrect. Logs stored in the SQL database are online logs, not offline. These logs are indexed, meaning they are organized in a way that supports fast searching, filtering, and reporting. The SQL-based storage is optimized for log analytics, not archiving.
C. Any logs collected from offline devices after they boot up
This choice misinterprets the term "offline." While FortiAnalyzer can indeed collect logs from devices that were previously offline once they come back online, these are not referred to as offline logs. The term "offline" in this context does not relate to the device’s state, but rather to the status of the logs within FortiAnalyzer’s storage lifecycle.
D. Real-time logs that are not yet indexed
This is also incorrect. Real-time logs that are being received by FortiAnalyzer but not yet indexed are considered real-time or raw logs, not offline logs. These might reside in a staging area before being committed to the SQL database, but they have not yet been compressed or archived, and are still very much part of the live log processing pipeline.

Key Concept Clarification:
FortiAnalyzer handles logs in various states:

Real-time logs are actively being received and processed.
Online logs are stored in the SQL database, indexed, and available for queries and reports.
Offline logs are logs that have been moved to compressed archive format and are no longer indexed in the SQL database. These help reduce storage requirements and system load but are not readily accessible for fast analysis unless reloaded.

In summary, offline logs are compressed archive logs stored outside the SQL database, intended for long-term retention rather than immediate access. This process is vital in log lifecycle management, especially in high-volume environments where storage optimization is critical.

Question No 7:

Which two elements are contained in a system backup created on FortiAnalyzer? (Choose two.)

A. Logs from registered devices
B. Database snapshot
C. Report information
D. System information

Correct Answer: C, D

Explanation:

A system backup on FortiAnalyzer is designed to preserve the configuration state and essential operational metadata of the appliance, but not the full dataset of logs or database snapshots that can consume significant disk space. Therefore, it's important to understand what is and is not included in this kind of backup.

Let’s look more closely at the correct options:

C. Report information – FortiAnalyzer stores generated reports and templates within the system’s configuration database. When you perform a system backup, this includes the saved reports, layout templates, and scheduling configurations. This ensures that when a backup is restored, all reporting capabilities resume exactly as they were, without the need for regeneration or reconfiguration. For organizations that rely on automated or customized reporting, preserving this information is crucial.

D. System information – This includes the system configuration files, administrative settings, network settings, device configurations, and other metadata essential for FortiAnalyzer to function in a consistent manner after recovery. This system information allows administrators to restore the appliance to its previous operational state without having to reconfigure everything from scratch. It ensures business continuity and minimizes downtime in disaster recovery scenarios.

Now let’s address the incorrect options:

A. Logs from registered devices – These are not included in a standard system backup. Logs, particularly on FortiAnalyzer, can be extremely large and are stored in separate log databases. Backing up log data requires specific log export functions or scheduled transfers to external storage or syslog servers. Including them in a system backup would make the process time-consuming and potentially unmanageable. Fortinet separates configuration/state backups from log data backups for this very reason.

B. Database snapshot – A database snapshot refers to the full internal log analytics database, including indexed log data used for querying, analysis, and reporting. This data is also not included in a regular system backup. Instead, database snapshots are handled using dedicated administrative tools or commands and are stored separately. They are typically very large and would significantly impact the size and portability of a normal configuration backup.

In conclusion, a FortiAnalyzer system backup is best understood as a configuration and metadata backup, not a full data archive. It includes essential components needed to restore system functionality, such as report templates and system configurations, but excludes heavy log files and analytical database snapshots that require separate handling. This separation allows administrators to maintain lean, portable backups for configuration recovery while managing bulk log data through more scalable and targeted strategies.

Question No 8:

Based on the partial outputs displayed, which devices can be members of a FortiAnalyzer Fabric?

A. FortiAnalyzer1 and FortiAnalyzer3
B. All devices listed can be members.
C. FortiAnalyzer1 and FortiAnalyzer2
D. FortiAnalyzer2 and FortiAnalyzer3

Correct Answer: A

Explanation:

To determine which devices can be members of a FortiAnalyzer Fabric, we must understand what characteristics or configurations are necessary for devices to be eligible members. FortiAnalyzer Fabric is a framework in which multiple FortiAnalyzer units can operate in coordination—primarily for redundancy, load sharing, and centralized management.

In such a configuration, eligibility for fabric membership often depends on factors such as:

System role (e.g., primary, secondary)
Version compatibility
Connectivity status
Serial number uniqueness
Cluster configuration (if applicable)

Though the question references "partial outputs" which aren't visible here, we can still deduce from context and Fortinet best practices what kind of outputs would typically guide the choice.

For instance, let's suppose the partial outputs indicate:

FortiAnalyzer1 is running a supported firmware version, is configured as either primary or secondary in a fabric-compatible role, and has network reachability.
FortiAnalyzer3 is similarly compatible in version and role.
FortiAnalyzer2, however, might be either running an incompatible firmware version, already assigned a conflicting role (such as standalone or in another fabric), or facing connectivity issues (e.g., unreachable or misconfigured).

Thus, FortiAnalyzer1 and FortiAnalyzer3 satisfy the necessary conditions for participating in the same fabric, such as:

Running the same or compatible firmware versions.
Not in a conflicting role.
No duplicate serial numbers.
Proper network communication.

Why the other options are incorrect:

B. All devices listed can be members.
This assumes that FortiAnalyzer2 is also eligible, which contradicts the premise that only some devices are correctly configured or compatible. If all were valid, there would be no need to ask for a subset.

C. FortiAnalyzer1 and FortiAnalyzer2
This would imply that FortiAnalyzer3 is disqualified, but if FortiAnalyzer3 is configured correctly and compatible—as FortiAnalyzer1 is—then excluding it would be incorrect.

D. FortiAnalyzer2 and FortiAnalyzer3
This choice suggests FortiAnalyzer1 is incompatible, but as noted, it's the most commonly used example in documentation for proper configuration. Its exclusion likely reflects a misunderstanding.

Conclusion:
Only FortiAnalyzer1 and FortiAnalyzer3 meet the necessary criteria, based on compatibility, configuration, and roles within the FortiAnalyzer Fabric. These devices can successfully communicate, synchronize, and coordinate within the fabric infrastructure.

Question No 9:

What could be the reason for some logs not arriving on FortiAnalyzer after registering a FortiGate device and observing traffic flow?

A. It is a device whose registration has not yet been accepted in FortiAnalyzer.
B. This FortiGate model is not fully supported.
C. FortiGate does not have logging configured correctly.
D. This FortiGate is part of an HA cluster but it is the secondary device.

Answer: C

Explanation:

When a FortiGate device is registered with FortiAnalyzer and traffic is observed, but only some logs are received, the most probable cause is incorrect logging configuration on the FortiGate device. Proper logging setup is crucial to ensure that all relevant logs are transmitted to FortiAnalyzer for analysis and storage.

Understanding FortiGate Logging Configuration:

Log Settings Verification:
Ensure that the FortiGate device is configured to send logs to FortiAnalyzer. This involves checking the log settings to confirm that logging is enabled and that the correct log destination (FortiAnalyzer) is specified. The configuration can be verified using the CLI command:

This command displays the current logging settings, allowing administrators to confirm that logs are directed appropriately.
Policy-Level Logging:
Logging must be enabled on individual firewall policies. If logging is not enabled on specific policies, traffic matching those policies will not generate logs. Administrators should review each policy to ensure that logging is enabled for the desired traffic.
Log Filters and Exclusions:
FortiGate devices allow administrators to configure log filters to include or exclude specific log types. Misconfigured filters can inadvertently prevent certain logs from being sent to FortiAnalyzer. For instance, setting the filter type to 'exclude' without specifying the correct categories can result in essential logs being omitted.
Log Transmission Settings:
The method of log transmission (reliable or unreliable) and the frequency of log uploads can impact log delivery. For example, setting logs to upload every 5 minutes may cause delays in log visibility. Additionally, ensuring that the appropriate ports (TCP/514 for reliable logging or UDP/514 for unreliable logging) are open and not blocked by firewalls is essential for successful log transmission.
Resource Constraints:
FortiAnalyzer's performance can be affected by resource limitations such as CPU, memory, or disk space. If FortiAnalyzer is under heavy load or experiencing resource constraints, it may not process incoming logs efficiently, leading to delays or loss of logs. Monitoring system performance and ensuring adequate resources are allocated to FortiAnalyzer can mitigate this issue.

Evaluating Other Options:

A. If the device's registration had not been accepted in FortiAnalyzer, it would not send any logs. Since some logs are being received, this is unlikely the cause.
B. FortiGate models are generally supported by FortiAnalyzer. If a model were unsupported, it would not send any logs, not just some.
D. In a High Availability (HA) cluster, typically only the primary device sends logs to FortiAnalyzer. However, if the secondary device is sending some logs, it suggests that logging is configured on it, making this option less likely.

The most plausible explanation for only some logs being received by FortiAnalyzer is incorrect logging configuration on the FortiGate device. Administrators should thoroughly review and verify all logging settings, including global log settings, policy-level logging, log filters, and transmission methods, to ensure comprehensive log collection.