Fortinet NSE7_PBC-7.2 Practice Test Questions, Exam Dumps

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NSE7_PBC-7.2 Fortinet Practice Test Questions and Exam Dumps

Question 1

What kind of underlying mechanism does Transit Gateway Connect use to send traffic from the virtual private cloud (VPC) to the transit gateway?

A. A GRE attachment
B. A BGP attachment
C. A Transit Gateway Connect attachment
D. A transport attachment

Correct Answer: A

Explanation
Transit Gateway Connect is a feature in AWS that allows you to connect your SD-WAN or other third-party network devices to your Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) using a transit gateway. The underlying mechanism used by Transit Gateway Connect for sending traffic between the VPC and the transit gateway is a GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) attachment.

Let’s break down the options:

Option A: A GRE attachment — The correct answer. GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) is a tunneling protocol that encapsulates packets in a new IP packet for transportation across the network. Transit Gateway Connect uses GRE to establish a tunnel between the transit gateway and the connected SD-WAN or other third-party devices. This allows traffic to flow from the VPC to the transit gateway over a GRE tunnel, providing secure and efficient communication.
Option B: A BGP attachment — BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is used for routing, especially in large-scale networks. While BGP is involved in the routing of traffic, Transit Gateway Connect itself does not use BGP as the underlying mechanism for sending traffic. BGP is used to advertise routes between networks but is not the primary transport mechanism for the traffic.
Option C: A Transit Gateway Connect attachment — While this option sounds like a valid choice, Transit Gateway Connect itself refers to the feature and GRE is the actual transport mechanism used for traffic. This option is a bit misleading because it refers to the feature name rather than the underlying technology used for data transfer.
Option D: A transport attachment — This is not a correct answer. The term transport attachment is not specific to the technology used by Transit Gateway Connect. Instead, the term GRE attachment is what actually defines how traffic is transported.

In conclusion, A. A GRE attachment is the correct answer because Transit Gateway Connect uses GRE tunnels to send traffic from the VPC to the transit gateway, enabling secure and efficient network communication.

Question 2

In an SD-WAN TGW Connect topology, which three initial steps are mandatory when routing traffic from a spoke VPC to a security VPC through a Transit Gateway? (Choose three.)

A. From the security VPC TGW subnet routing table, point 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the FortiGate internal port.
B. From the security VPC FortiGate internal subnet routing table, point 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the TGW.
C. From the spoke VPC internal routing table, point 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the TGW.
D. From the security VPC TGW subnet routing table, point 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the TGW.
E. From both spoke VPCs, and the security VPC, point 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the Internet Gateway.

Correct Answers: A, B, C

Explanation:

In an SD-WAN TGW (Transit Gateway) Connect topology where traffic from spoke VPCs is routed through a centralized security VPC for inspection, certain routing configurations are mandatory to ensure that the traffic is appropriately forwarded to and from the security appliances (such as FortiGate firewalls) within the security VPC.

Here’s a breakdown of the correct steps:

A. From the security VPC TGW subnet routing table, point 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the FortiGate internal port.
This ensures that traffic entering the security VPC through the TGW interface is directed to the FortiGate appliance for inspection or processing. The routing table associated with the subnet that contains the TGW ENI must forward the traffic to the internal port of the FortiGate instance so it can act as the firewall.

B. From the security VPC FortiGate internal subnet routing table, point 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the TGW.
Once traffic is processed by FortiGate, it needs a path to be routed back toward the spoke VPC (or any return path). This is typically achieved by routing traffic back to the TGW, which handles the distribution of packets to the appropriate destination spoke VPC.

C. From the spoke VPC internal routing table, point 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the TGW.
This step is mandatory because the initial routing decision—how traffic from a spoke VPC is directed—is configured in its routing table. By pointing 0.0.0.0/0 (default route) to the TGW, it ensures that all outbound traffic is forwarded to the TGW and subsequently processed by the security VPC.

Now, let’s analyze why the remaining options are incorrect:

D. From the security VPC TGW subnet routing table, point 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the TGW.
This option creates a routing loop. The TGW subnet routing table should forward traffic to FortiGate, not back to the TGW. Sending traffic to the TGW from a TGW-connected subnet would result in misrouting or a recursive path, which is typically blocked or results in traffic not being delivered correctly.

E. From both spoke VPCs, and the security VPC, point 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the Internet Gateway.
This step would only be appropriate if all internet-bound traffic were supposed to bypass inspection, which contradicts the requirement of routing through a security VPC. Furthermore, default routing directly to the Internet Gateway from internal VPCs without inspection violates the core principle of centralized security management.

In conclusion, A, B, and C are the essential routing steps in setting up a secure and functional SD-WAN TGW Connect topology where the security VPC is used for inspection. These ensure that traffic leaves the spoke VPC, is inspected by FortiGate in the security VPC, and is then routed back appropriately, completing the secure traffic flow design.

Question 3

Which two AWS features are commonly used in automating the process of adding new spoke VPCs to a transit virtual private cloud (VPC)? (Choose two.)

A. Amazon CloudWatch
B. Amazon S3 bucket
C. AWS Transit Gateway
D. AWS Security Hub

Correct Answers: A, C

Explanation:

In AWS networking, a transit VPC or more recently, a Transit Gateway architecture, allows for centralized and scalable connectivity between multiple Amazon VPCs (spoke VPCs) and on-premises networks. When automating the process of adding new spoke VPCs, AWS provides several services that help orchestrate and monitor the integration process.

Let’s examine each option and its relevance to the automation process:

A. Amazon CloudWatch
CloudWatch is a monitoring and observability service. It can track metrics, trigger alarms, and initiate actions via CloudWatch Events (now known as EventBridge). In the context of VPC automation, CloudWatch can detect events such as the creation of a new VPC or updates in route tables and trigger Lambda functions or automation workflows that carry out actions like modifying routing or peering configurations.

For example, when a new spoke VPC is created, a CloudWatch rule can invoke a Lambda function that automatically updates the Transit Gateway attachments and route tables. Therefore, CloudWatch plays a critical role in automation and orchestration, making it a correct choice.

B. Amazon S3 bucket
Amazon S3 is a storage service primarily used for storing data. While S3 may be used to store configuration files, logs, or automation scripts, it is not actively involved in the automation process of adding spoke VPCs. It serves as a passive component and does not directly participate in the networking or routing configuration. Thus, it is not a correct choice in this scenario.

C. AWS Transit Gateway
The AWS Transit Gateway is the central component in a modern AWS networking architecture used to simplify inter-VPC and hybrid connectivity. It allows multiple VPCs to connect via a central hub. When automating the process of adding new spoke VPCs, the Transit Gateway is what the new VPCs are attached to. Route tables in the Transit Gateway may also be updated dynamically as part of the automation.

Transit Gateway supports route propagation and dynamic attachment of VPCs, which makes it fundamental to the architecture and automation. Thus, this is clearly a correct choice.

D. AWS Security Hub
AWS Security Hub provides security posture management, aggregating alerts and findings across AWS services. It is not involved in the routing, peering, or automation of VPC connectivity. While security is always relevant, Security Hub does not contribute to the transit VPC automation process. It can be used alongside the architecture for monitoring threats or misconfigurations, but it does not automate or enable connectivity. Therefore, this is not a correct answer.

In conclusion:

Amazon CloudWatch enables automation via event triggers and monitoring.
AWS Transit Gateway serves as the core networking hub where new spoke VPCs are attached.

These two services directly support the automation and integration of spoke VPCs into a transit VPC or Transit Gateway architecture.

Correct answers: A, C

Question 4

How does an administrator secure container environments from newly emerged security threats?

A. Use distributed network-related application control signatures.
B. Use Docker-related application control signatures.
C. Use Amazon AWS_S3-related application control signatures.
D. Use Amazon AWS-related application control signatures.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation
Securing container environments involves protecting the containerized applications and workloads from newly emerging security threats. Since containers, such as Docker containers, are frequently used for running applications, focusing on container-specific security measures is crucial.

Docker-related application control signatures refer to specific patterns or signatures that identify known vulnerabilities and threats in Docker containers. Using these signatures allows administrators to detect and prevent malicious activities targeting Docker containers, including exploits that may arise from the container image, its components, or the runtime environment. These signatures are specifically designed to identify security risks that can emerge in the context of containerized applications.

Let’s break down the options:

Option A: Use distributed network-related application control signatures — While network-related security is important, securing containers is not specifically about using distributed network-related signatures. This option focuses more on securing the network layer rather than the containers themselves. It is not container-specific.
Option B: Use Docker-related application control signatures — This is the correct answer. Docker-related application control signatures are designed to secure Docker containers specifically. These signatures help detect vulnerabilities within the container environment by looking for malicious activities, vulnerable configurations, or known exploits within Docker containers. Since containers are often the target of attacks, using Docker-specific signatures helps in effectively managing security risks associated with containerized applications.
Option C: Use Amazon AWS_S3-related application control signatures — Amazon AWS S3 refers to cloud storage services and does not directly relate to container security. S3-related signatures are used to secure S3 buckets and data, not to secure container environments. Therefore, this option does not apply to container-specific security.
Option D: Use Amazon AWS-related application control signatures — While this option could be useful for securing cloud infrastructure and services provided by AWS, it is not focused on securing the container environment specifically. AWS-related signatures are more geared towards cloud-based services, not the container runtime or images themselves.

In conclusion, B. Use Docker-related application control signatures is the correct answer because it directly addresses securing Docker containers from security threats by identifying vulnerabilities and malicious activities that could impact the containerized environment. This helps protect the containerized workloads from newly emerged security threats.

Question 5

You are adding a new spoke to the existing transit VPC environment using the AWS CloudFormation template. Which two components must you use for this deployment? (Choose two.)

A. The Amazon CloudWatch tag value.

B. The tag value of the spoke.

C. The BGP ASN value used for the transit VPC.

D. The OSPF AS value used for the hub.

Correct Answers: B, C

Explanation:

When adding a new spoke to a transit VPC environment using AWS CloudFormation templates—typically in an SD-WAN or hub-and-spoke network design—certain parameters must be defined to ensure proper integration of the spoke with the transit VPC hub. This process involves network identifiers, routing values, and specific tags that help AWS automation scripts (like CloudFormation) deploy resources in a structured and consistent way.

Let’s examine why B and C are correct and why the other options are not.

B. The tag value of the spoke
This is one of the critical inputs when configuring a new spoke. Tags are commonly used in AWS deployments to uniquely identify VPCs and other resources. In a transit VPC architecture, tags help scripts or automation tools (such as Lambda functions triggered via CloudFormation) to recognize and associate the new spoke VPC with the appropriate routing logic and security configurations. Without this tag value, the template may not correctly deploy or link the spoke VPC into the hub-and-spoke architecture.

C. The BGP ASN value used for the transit VPC
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) ASN (Autonomous System Number) is required because the transit VPC leverages BGP to exchange routing information with spoke VPCs and other elements. When configuring a spoke, the CloudFormation template often requires you to specify the ASN for the transit VPC to ensure that the new VPC can properly peer and establish dynamic routes with the hub via VPN or Direct Connect gateways. This is especially true if you're using third-party appliances such as Cisco CSR or Fortinet FortiGate in the transit VPC that rely on BGP for route propagation.

Now let's consider the incorrect options:

A. The Amazon CloudWatch tag value
While CloudWatch plays an important role in monitoring and logging for AWS environments, it is not a required component when adding a spoke via CloudFormation templates. Monitoring tags or CloudWatch log group identifiers might be added optionally for logging or diagnostic purposes, but they are not essential to the core function of VPC attachment and routing setup in this context.

D. The OSPF AS value used for the hub
This option is invalid because OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a dynamic routing protocol used within internal networks, but AWS Transit VPC and its common virtual appliances (e.g., Cisco CSR, Fortinet) usually rely on BGP rather than OSPF for dynamic route exchange between VPCs. Additionally, AWS native routing features do not support OSPF; they support static routing and BGP over VPNs or Direct Connect connections. Therefore, OSPF is not applicable in this scenario.

To summarize, when adding a new spoke to a transit VPC environment via CloudFormation, the most important required elements are the tag value of the spoke (so the system knows what it's configuring) and the BGP ASN of the transit VPC (so routing works correctly). These ensure that the new spoke can be dynamically integrated and routed within the transit architecture.

Question 6

What is the primary benefit of utilizing SD-WAN Transit Gateway Connect instead of a traditional SD-WAN setup?

A. You can use GRE-based tunnel attachments.
B. You can use BGP over IPsec for maximum throughput.
C. You can combine it with IPsec to achieve higher bandwidth.
D. It eliminates the use of ECMP.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation:

To understand why SD-WAN Transit Gateway Connect provides significant advantages over traditional SD-WAN methods, it's essential to examine the architectural improvements it introduces in AWS networking, particularly around AWS Transit Gateway (TGW).

AWS Transit Gateway Connect is a feature that enables SD-WAN appliances (from third-party vendors like Cisco, VMware, or Fortinet) to natively integrate with AWS Transit Gateway. It extends TGW functionality to support Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnel attachments combined with Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). This offers much tighter integration for hybrid cloud and SD-WAN solutions.

Let’s analyze each of the answer options in detail:

A. You can use GRE-based tunnel attachments.
This is the correct answer. One of the most important improvements introduced by Transit Gateway Connect is support for GRE tunnels. Traditional Transit Gateway attachments only support IPsec-based VPNs. While IPsec is secure, it introduces overhead and has limitations in throughput and scaling.

GRE is a lightweight, unencrypted tunneling protocol. In SD-WAN contexts, performance is often a priority over encryption (especially when security is handled elsewhere). GRE also allows for simplified routing, supports multiplexing traffic, and can scale more efficiently. By enabling GRE-based attachments through Transit Gateway Connect, AWS provides SD-WAN vendors and customers a much more flexible, high-performance integration path.

B. You can use BGP over IPsec for maximum throughput.
This is not correct in this context. While BGP over IPsec is possible, the advantage of Transit Gateway Connect is that it allows BGP without requiring IPsec. GRE with BGP is preferred here due to reduced processing overhead and better scalability. In traditional IPsec VPNs, BGP is used, but it can be limited in performance due to encryption demands. Therefore, this answer does not highlight the main advantage of the newer Connect feature.

C. You can combine it with IPsec to achieve higher bandwidth.
This statement is not accurate. Combining GRE and IPsec does not necessarily guarantee higher bandwidth—it often introduces additional overhead. Moreover, the primary benefit of Transit Gateway Connect is to avoid the limitations of IPsec by using GRE tunnels. Thus, this option misses the actual advantage.

D. It eliminates the use of ECMP.
This is incorrect. Transit Gateway Connect does not eliminate ECMP (Equal-Cost Multi-Path routing). In fact, ECMP can still be used with GRE tunnels in certain designs to support higher throughput and load balancing across multiple links. Therefore, this statement is not only inaccurate but also misleading regarding the architecture.

In summary, the main benefit of SD-WAN Transit Gateway Connect is its support for GRE-based tunnel attachments, which simplifies integration, boosts performance, and improves scalability compared to traditional IPsec-based VPNs. The use of BGP over GRE, in particular, allows for dynamic routing without the encryption overhead of IPsec. This makes option A the most accurate and relevant answer.

Correct answer: A

Question 7

Your administrator instructed you to deploy an Azure vWAN solution to create a connection between the main company site and branch sites to the other company VNETs. What are the two best connection solutions available between your company headquarters, branch sites, and the Azure vWAN hub? (Choose two.)

A. VPN Gateway
B. SSL VPN connections
C. ExpressRoute
D. GRE tunnels
E. An L2TP connection

Correct Answer: A and C

Explanation
Azure vWAN (Virtual WAN) is a solution that helps simplify the connectivity between various branch sites, on-premises networks, and Azure resources. The Azure vWAN hub acts as a central point for managing connectivity and routing traffic between different networks. To create connections between your company’s headquarters, branch sites, and Azure vWAN, there are specific connection solutions that are most effective. The two best connection solutions in this case are VPN Gateway and ExpressRoute.

Let’s break down each option:

Option A: VPN Gateway — VPN Gateway is a key solution for connecting on-premises networks, including your company headquarters and branch sites, to Azure through a secure, encrypted connection over the internet. With Azure vWAN, you can configure VPN Gateway connections from your on-premises sites to the vWAN hub, which provides secure communication to other company VNETs in Azure. This is one of the most common and best connection options for establishing secure VPN tunnels between branch sites and Azure vWAN.
Option B: SSL VPN connections — SSL VPN connections are typically used for secure remote access to a network, often for individual users or remote workers, not for site-to-site connections between company networks and Azure. While SSL VPN may be useful for specific remote access cases, it is not a standard solution for connecting branch sites and headquarters to an Azure vWAN hub.
Option C: ExpressRoute — ExpressRoute is another highly effective connection solution, offering a private, dedicated connection between on-premises networks (such as company headquarters and branch sites) and Azure, bypassing the public internet. ExpressRoute provides more reliable and lower-latency connections compared to VPN, and is often the best choice for mission-critical applications that require high bandwidth and stable connections. This solution integrates seamlessly with Azure vWAN and is ideal for connecting your company’s headquarters and branch sites to the Azure vWAN hub.
Option D: GRE tunnels — GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) tunnels are used to encapsulate routing information and transport traffic across networks, but they are not a native or recommended solution for connecting to Azure vWAN. Azure vWAN generally uses VPN Gateway or ExpressRoute for reliable site-to-site connections, not GRE tunnels.
Option E: An L2TP connection — L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) is a tunneling protocol used for VPNs, but it is typically used in conjunction with IPSec for secure connections. While it could technically be used for VPN connections, L2TP is not the primary or best solution for connecting your branch sites and headquarters to Azure vWAN. VPN Gateway is the preferred method in this case.

In conclusion, A. VPN Gateway and C. ExpressRoute are the best solutions for securely connecting your company's headquarters, branch sites, and Azure vWAN hub. VPN Gateway provides secure, encrypted communication over the internet, while ExpressRoute offers a private, dedicated, and more reliable connection. These two solutions are optimized for this type of network connectivity.

Question 8

An administrator needs a tool that offers visibility into users and the data residing in widely used SaaS applications across a multicloud environment. What solution should be deployed to ensure secure access to these SaaS platforms?

A. FortiSandbox
B. FortiCASB
C. FortiWeb
D. FortiSIEM

Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

To determine the correct answer, we need to focus on a few key parts of the question:

The administrator needs insight into users and data within major SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) applications.
The environment spans a multicloud infrastructure.
The solution must secure access to these applications.

Each of the given options represents a product in the Fortinet security suite, but they each serve different purposes:

A. FortiSandbox is a threat detection tool that analyzes suspicious files in a contained environment. It is primarily used for advanced malware detection through sandboxing technology. While it enhances security, it does not provide direct insight into SaaS applications or control over users and data in a cloud environment. Thus, this is not suitable for the need described.

B. FortiCASB (Cloud Access Security Broker) is specifically designed to monitor and secure the use of SaaS applications. It provides visibility into user activity, enforces compliance, and controls data usage within cloud-based services like Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, Salesforce, and others. It also helps mitigate risks by enforcing security policies and detecting shadow IT usage. FortiCASB integrates with multiple cloud platforms, making it ideal for a multicloud environment. Therefore, it matches the question’s requirements perfectly.

C. FortiWeb is a web application firewall (WAF) that protects web applications from threats such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and other vulnerabilities. Although it is critical for web app security, it is not designed to provide visibility or control over SaaS user activity or data across multiple clouds.

D. FortiSIEM is a Security Information and Event Management system that aggregates and correlates log data from various network devices, endpoints, and applications. It provides centralized visibility and alerts for network-wide threats. However, while FortiSIEM contributes to overall network security posture, it is not purpose-built for SaaS visibility or enforcing security policies within those apps.

Only B. FortiCASB is specifically tailored to address the problem of monitoring and securing user interactions and data within SaaS applications, particularly in complex, multicloud deployments. The other options, while important in a comprehensive security strategy, do not meet the unique requirements described in this scenario.