Microsoft SC-300  Microsoft Identity and Access Administrator Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set 2 Q21-40

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Question 21:

Your organization wants to allow external consultants temporary access to Azure resources for only one week. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD B2B collaboration with expiration policies
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Conditional Access policy

Answer: A) – Azure AD B2B collaboration with expiration policies

Explanation

Azure AD B2B collaboration allows organizations to securely share Azure AD resources with external users, such as consultants, contractors, or partners. To minimize security risks, temporary access can be enforced using expiration policies that automatically remove guest accounts after a specified period.

Option A) is correct because administrators can invite external users via B2B collaboration and configure access expiration, such as one week, ensuring that external consultants only have the minimum required access for the duration of their engagement. Steps include:

Invite the external consultant via email, registering them as a guest in Azure AD.

Assign roles or access to specific resources, such as Azure subscriptions or specific groups.

Set an expiration date for the guest account, after which it automatically becomes inactive.

Optional: Combine with Conditional Access policies requiring MFA, device compliance, or location-based restrictions.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces basic MFA and admin protections but cannot provide temporary access for guests.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows users to authenticate with on-premises credentials but does not manage guest accounts or access expiration.

Option D), Conditional Access, controls access based on conditions but does not automatically create temporary guest accounts or enforce expiration.

Benefits of using B2B collaboration with expiration policies include:

Minimized risk – Accounts are automatically deactivated after the allowed period, reducing standing external access.

Simplified management – Administrators do not need to manually disable temporary accounts.

Auditing and compliance – All guest activations, sign-ins, and expirations are logged in Azure AD.

For example, a consultant requires access to a development subscription for exactly seven days. The administrator sets up a B2B guest account with a one-week expiration. After seven days, the account automatically expires, and access is revoked, eliminating the risk of forgotten guest accounts lingering in the tenant.

In conclusion, Azure AD B2B collaboration with expiration policies provides secure, time-limited access to external consultants while ensuring compliance and reducing administrative overhead.

Question 22:

Your organization wants to implement conditional access to require MFA only for users signing in from high-risk countries. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy with location and risk conditions
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD B2B collaboration

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy with location and risk conditions

Explanation 

Azure AD Conditional Access allows organizations to create context-aware policies that evaluate user sign-in conditions such as location, device compliance, and risk level. This ensures that security controls like MFA are applied only when necessary, reducing friction for low-risk users.

Option A) is correct because a Conditional Access policy can combine location-based conditions (e.g., countries where the organization does not operate) with risk-based conditions (sign-in risk detected by Identity Protection). The policy can require MFA only if:

The user signs in from a high-risk country.

The sign-in is flagged as risky due to unusual activity, such as impossible travel or compromised credentials.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for all administrators and risky sign-ins, but cannot selectively combine location and risk-based conditions.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates credentials against on-premises Active Directory but does not enforce conditional policies based on risk or location.

Option D), Azure AD B2B collaboration, manages guest users but does not apply conditional access to location and risk scenarios for internal users.

Benefits of Conditional Access with location and risk conditions include:

Adaptive security – MFA is required only in high-risk scenarios, reducing unnecessary interruptions.

Granular control – Specific countries, users, and applications can be targeted.

Audit and compliance – Sign-ins are logged for review and reporting.

For example, if a user normally signs in from the United States but attempts access from a high-risk country, the Conditional Access policy can prompt for MFA or block access entirely. This ensures security is maintained without overburdening legitimate users.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy combining location and risk conditions is the best approach to enforce adaptive MFA based on risk and geographic location.

Question 23:

Your company wants to monitor users who have not signed in for more than 90 days and automatically disable their accounts. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Access Reviews
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Conditional Access policy

Answer: A) – Azure AD Access Reviews

Explanation 

Azure AD Access Reviews allow organizations to periodically evaluate and manage user access to applications, groups, and roles. Access Reviews can identify inactive users or those with excessive permissions, supporting compliance and security objectives.

Option A) is correct because Access Reviews can be configured to:

Target users – For example, users who have not signed in within 90 days.

Automate decisions – Accounts can be automatically disabled or removed if they do not meet the review criteria.

Assign reviewers – Managers or system administrators can review accounts before automated actions are taken.

Audit compliance – All reviews and actions are logged.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for administrators and risky users, but does not manage inactive users.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows authentication using on-premises passwords but does not monitor inactivity.

Option D), Conditional Access, controls access based on sign-in conditions but cannot automatically disable inactive accounts.

Benefits of using Access Reviews include:

Improved security – Removing or disabling stale accounts reduces the attack surface.

Compliance – Helps meet regulatory requirements for periodic access evaluation.

Automated efficiency – Reduces manual administrative effort while enforcing policies consistently.

For example, a user who has not signed in to Microsoft 365 apps for 90 days can be flagged in an Access Review. If the review confirms the user no longer requires access, the account can be automatically disabled, ensuring security and compliance.

In conclusion, Azure AD Access Reviews is the recommended solution for identifying inactive users and automating account management based on inactivity.

Question 24:

Your company wants to ensure users can reset their passwords securely without administrator intervention. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Self-Service Password Reset (SSPR)
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Conditional Access policy

Answer: A) – Azure AD Self-Service Password Reset (SSPR)

Explanation 

Azure AD Self-Service Password Reset (SSPR) enables users to securely reset their passwords without requiring helpdesk intervention, improving productivity and security. SSPR uses verification methods such as email, phone, or the Microsoft Authenticator app to ensure the user’s identity.

Option A) is correct because administrators can:

Enable SSPR for all users or specific groups.

Configure authentication methods required for password reset. Microsoft recommends two or more methods for strong security.

Customize notifications to alert users and admins of resets.

Integrate with Conditional Access to enforce additional security, such as MFA, during reset.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for administrators and risky users but does not allow self-service password reset.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows users to authenticate with on-premises credentials but does not provide SSPR functionality.

Option D), Conditional Access policy, controls access based on conditions but does not manage password resets.

Benefits of SSPR include:

Reduced helpdesk workload – Users no longer require manual password reset assistance.

Enhanced security – Multi-method authentication reduces the risk of unauthorized resets.

Audit and compliance – All password reset activity is logged.

For example, a user forgetting their password can verify identity using their phone number and Microsoft Authenticator app, reset the password, and regain access immediately. Administrators can review logs for unusual reset activity.

In conclusion, Azure AD Self-Service Password Reset is the recommended solution for secure, independent password management.

Question 25:

Your organization wants to enforce MFA only for users signing in from unmanaged devices or untrusted locations. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for untrusted conditions
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) FIDO2 security keys

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for untrusted conditions

Explanation 

Conditional Access enables organizations to implement context-aware security by enforcing access controls based on risk, device state, or location. Requiring MFA for untrusted conditions improves security without affecting users on trusted devices or locations.

Option A) is correct because a Conditional Access policy can be configured to:

Target users or groups requiring protection.

Apply to applications, such as Microsoft 365 apps.

Define conditions – Untrusted devices, unmanaged devices, or sign-ins from risky locations.

Require MFA for access when conditions are met, while allowing seamless access under trusted conditions.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for admins and risky sign-ins, but cannot differentiate based on device trust or location.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows cloud authentication with on-premises credentials but does not enforce MFA for specific conditions.

Option D), FIDO2 security keys, provide passwordless authentication but do not selectively enforce MFA based on risk or device status.

Benefits of Conditional Access MFA for untrusted conditions include:

Reduced risk – Protects accounts when sign-ins are potentially compromised.

Enhanced user experience – Users on trusted devices are not interrupted.

Audit and compliance – Logs all access attempts for reporting.

For example, a user on a personal laptop signing in from a new country would be prompted for MFA. If the same user signs in from a corporate-managed device at the office, no MFA is required. This ensures security without disrupting normal productivity.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for untrusted devices or locations is the recommended approach for adaptive security.

Question 26:

Your organization wants to enforce MFA for users signing in from any device that is not compliant with Intune policies. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for non-compliant devices
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD B2B collaboration

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for non-compliant devices

Explanation 

Azure AD Conditional Access enables organizations to enforce access controls based on device compliance. Intune compliance policies define conditions such as device encryption, antivirus, and OS updates.

Option A) is correct because you can configure a Conditional Access policy targeting non-compliant devices to require MFA before granting access to cloud apps. Steps include:

Define target users (all or specific groups).

Specify cloud applications (e.g., Microsoft 365).

Set conditions – device state must be compliant.

Require MFA if the device is non-compliant.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for administrators and risky sign-ins, but cannot selectively target non-compliant devices.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates credentials but does not enforce device compliance or MFA.

Option D), Azure AD B2B collaboration, is for external users and does not manage internal device compliance.

Benefits of this approach include:

Ensures sensitive data is accessed only from secure devices.

Balances user experience by exempting compliant devices from MFA.

Integrates with audit logs for compliance reporting.

For example, a user accessing SharePoint from a personal laptop is prompted for MFA because the device is non-compliant. A corporate laptop meeting compliance policies can access resources without extra authentication.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for non-compliant devices effectively enforces secure access without unnecessary friction.

Question 27:

Your company wants to enforce passwordless sign-in using the Microsoft Authenticator app for all users. Which solution should you implement?

A) Enable passwordless authentication via Microsoft Authenticator
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Conditional Access blocking legacy authentication

Answer: A) – Enable passwordless authentication via Microsoft Authenticator

Explanation 

Passwordless authentication eliminates passwords, which are vulnerable to phishing and brute-force attacks. Azure AD supports Microsoft Authenticator passwordless sign-in, FIDO2 security keys, and Windows Hello for Business.

Option A) is correct because administrators can enable passwordless authentication with the Authenticator app:

Users register their app for passwordless sign-in.

Sign-in uses biometrics or PIN stored on the device.

Cryptographic keys authenticate users without a password.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA but does not implement passwordless authentication.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates credentials on-premises but does not remove passwords.

Option D), Conditional Access blocking legacy authentication, does not enable passwordless sign-in.

Benefits of using Microsoft Authenticator for passwordless sign-in:

Eliminates password risks like phishing and reuse.

Improves user experience with faster sign-in.

Supports MFA integration for layered security.

For example, a user signs in to Microsoft 365 by approving a prompt on the Authenticator app using biometrics, eliminating the need to enter a password.

In conclusion, enabling Microsoft Authenticator for passwordless authentication strengthens security while simplifying sign-ins.

Question 28:

Your organization wants to ensure only compliant, Azure AD-joined devices can access Exchange Online. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy requiring compliant, Azure AD-joined devices
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD B2B collaboration

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy requiring compliant, Azure AD-joined devices

Explanation 

Azure AD Conditional Access, integrated with Intune, ensures only trusted, compliant devices have access to sensitive apps.

Option A) is correct because the policy can enforce:

Device compliance – Intune-enforced settings.

Azure AD join status – Hybrid or fully joined devices only.

Application targeting – Exchange Online.

Access controls – Grant access only if conditions are met; optionally require MFA.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA but cannot restrict access to compliant, Azure AD-joined devices.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows authentication but does not enforce device state.

Option D), Azure AD B2B collaboration, is for external guest users and cannot enforce compliance for internal devices.

Benefits include:

Protects sensitive email data from unmanaged devices.

Ensures endpoint security through Intune compliance policies.

Supports auditing and compliance monitoring.

For example, an employee tries to access Exchange Online from a personal laptop not enrolled in Intune. Conditional Access blocks access until the device is compliant.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy targeting compliant, Azure AD-joined devices is the recommended method for securing Exchange Online access.

Question 29:

Your company wants to ensure that only users who have recently performed MFA can access sensitive resources. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for sensitive applications
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD B2B collaboration

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for sensitive applications

Explanation 

Conditional Access policies can enforce MFA on a per-application basis, ensuring that only users who have recently authenticated via MFA can access high-risk or sensitive applications.

Option A) is correct because administrators can configure:

Target users/groups – All users or a subset.

Target applications – Exchange Online, SharePoint Online, or custom apps.

Access controls – Require MFA before access.

Session controls – Optionally require MFA re-authentication after a period.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for admins and risky sign-ins but does not allow app-specific MFA enforcement.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows authentication but does not enforce MFA.

Option D), Azure AD B2B collaboration, manages guest access but does not enforce MFA for specific apps.

Benefits:

Protects sensitive resources.

Provides fine-grained security control.

Supports auditing and compliance reporting.

For example, accessing the finance SharePoint site triggers MFA even if the user has previously signed in for other apps, ensuring high security for sensitive data.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for sensitive applications ensures secure access while allowing granular control.

Question 30:

Your organization wants to detect and respond to compromised user accounts automatically. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection with risk-based Conditional Access
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) FIDO2 security keys

Answer: A) – Azure AD Identity Protection with risk-based Conditional Access

Explanation 

Azure AD Identity Protection detects risky users and risky sign-ins using machine learning. Combined with Conditional Access, it can automatically enforce security controls when compromise is detected.

Option A) is correct because it allows:

Detection of risky users and sign-ins.

Automated enforcement – block access, require MFA, or force password reset.

Integration with Conditional Access – adaptive responses based on risk levels.

Logging and auditing for compliance.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for admins and risky sign-ins but does not provide adaptive responses based on risk.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates passwords but cannot detect compromise or respond automatically.

Option D), FIDO2 security keys, provide strong authentication but do not monitor for risk or automate response.

For example, if a user signs in from a high-risk location or device, Identity Protection flags the account as compromised, and Conditional Access can block access or require MFA/password reset automatically.

In conclusion, Azure AD Identity Protection with risk-based Conditional Access is the best solution for detecting and automatically mitigating compromised accounts.

Question 31:

Your organization wants to require approval before a user can activate a privileged role in Azure AD. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Conditional Access policy

Answer: A) – Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

Explanation 

Azure AD PIM enables organizations to manage just-in-time privileged access, allowing administrators to activate roles temporarily while requiring approval workflows. This reduces the risk of standing administrative privileges and improves security oversight.

Option A) is correct because PIM supports:

Approval workflows – Certain roles require approval from a designated approver before activation.

Time-bound access – Roles are active only for a predefined duration.

MFA enforcement – Users must verify their identity before activating a role.

Audit logs – All activations are tracked for compliance reporting.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for risky sign-ins and administrators but does not allow role activation approvals or temporary access.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates passwords but does not manage privileged roles.

Option D), Conditional Access, controls access conditions like device compliance or location, but cannot implement time-bound activation or approvals.

Benefits of using PIM:

Reduces exposure of high-privilege accounts.

Improves security through approval and temporary access.

Supports auditing and regulatory compliance.

For example, a Global Administrator requests activation. The PIM workflow requires manager approval and MFA. The role is granted for two hours and automatically deactivates afterward, minimizing risk.

In conclusion, Azure AD PIM is the recommended solution for requiring approval before activating privileged roles.

Question 32:

Your company wants to monitor user accounts for signs of compromise and alert administrators automatically. Which solution should you implement?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Conditional Access policy

Answer: A) – Azure AD Identity Protection

Explanation 

Azure AD Identity Protection uses machine learning and heuristics to detect risky user behavior and compromised accounts. It provides automated monitoring, alerts, and integration with Conditional Access policies for response.

Option A) is correct because Identity Protection can:

Detect risky sign-ins – Impossible travel, unfamiliar locations, or malware-infected devices.

Detect risky users – Accounts exhibiting suspicious activity.

Trigger alerts – Administrators are notified of potential compromises.

Integrate with Conditional Access – Automatically block access, require MFA, or force password reset.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for administrators and risky sign-ins but does not provide detailed monitoring or alerts for all users.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates credentials but does not detect risky behavior or compromise.

Option D), Conditional Access, enforces access policies but cannot detect or alert on compromised accounts independently.

Benefits of Identity Protection:

Proactive detection of risky accounts.

Automated mitigation of potential security incidents.

Supports compliance and auditing requirements.

For example, a user signs in from a high-risk location. Identity Protection flags the account and triggers a Conditional Access policy requiring MFA before granting access.

In conclusion, Azure AD Identity Protection is the best solution for monitoring user accounts and alerting administrators automatically when risky activity is detected.

Question 33:

Your organization wants to ensure that only users who are members of specific groups can access a sensitive SharePoint site. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy targeting specific groups
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD B2B collaboration

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy targeting specific groups

Explanation 

Conditional Access policies in Azure AD provide fine-grained access control based on user attributes, including group membership. This allows organizations to restrict access to sensitive applications or sites to only authorized users.

Option A) is correct because administrators can:

Target users or groups – Only users in specified groups gain access.

Target applications – SharePoint Online or other sensitive apps.

Apply conditions and controls – Require MFA or compliant devices.

Monitor and log access for auditing.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for admins and risky sign-ins, but cannot restrict access based on specific groups.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates credentials but does not manage access based on groups.

Option D), Azure AD B2B collaboration, manages guest users but does not control internal group-based access.

Benefits:

Protects sensitive resources by limiting access to authorized groups.

Integrates with MFA and device compliance policies for layered security.

Provides auditing and compliance reporting for access reviews.

For example, only members of the Finance group can access a confidential finance SharePoint library. Users outside the group are blocked by the Conditional Access policy.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy targeting specific groups ensures secure, group-based access control for sensitive resources.

Question 34:

Your organization wants to ensure that external users accessing Teams must authenticate using MFA. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy targeting guest users requiring MFA
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy targeting guest users requiring MFA

Explanation 

Azure AD Conditional Access enables organizations to enforce MFA for guest users (external collaborators) when accessing Microsoft Teams or other resources. This ensures secure collaboration while allowing controlled access.

Option A) is correct because administrators can:

Target guest users – External users invited via B2B collaboration.

Target applications – Microsoft Teams.

Require MFA – Only authenticated users with MFA can access.

Log all activity for auditing.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for risky sign-ins and admins, but cannot selectively target guest users.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, enables authentication but does not enforce MFA for guests.

Option D), PIM, manages privileged roles but does not apply to guest user access.

Benefits:

Ensures secure external collaboration.

Integrates with Conditional Access to enforce device compliance or location restrictions.

Supports auditing and regulatory compliance.

For example, a partner accessing Teams must approve an MFA prompt before gaining access. If MFA is not completed, access is denied.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for guest users secures external collaboration while maintaining control and compliance.

Question 35:

Your organization wants to require MFA for users only when accessing specific cloud applications, such as SharePoint Online and Exchange Online. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for targeted applications
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD B2B collaboration

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for targeted applications

Explanation 

Conditional Access allows organizations to enforce context-aware MFA policies on a per-application basis. This approach secures sensitive applications while reducing unnecessary authentication prompts for low-risk apps.

Option A) is correct because administrators can:

Target specific users or groups.

Apply policies to specific cloud applications like SharePoint Online and Exchange Online.

Require MFA only for those applications, leaving other apps unaffected.

Monitor and audit access events.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA globally for admins and risky sign-ins, but cannot apply MFA selectively per application.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, authenticates credentials but does not enforce app-specific MFA.

Option D), Azure AD B2B collaboration, is for guest access and does not enforce MFA on internal applications selectively.

Benefits:

Protects critical applications without disrupting user experience elsewhere.

Integrates with device compliance, risk-based sign-ins, and location conditions.

Provides detailed logs for auditing and compliance purposes.

For example, accessing Exchange Online triggers MFA, while accessing a non-sensitive application may not.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for targeted applications ensures adaptive security while optimizing usability.

Question 36:

Your company wants to automatically block sign-ins from users who have been flagged as high-risk by Azure AD Identity Protection. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy blocking high-risk users
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD B2B collaboration

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy blocking high-risk users

Explanation 

Azure AD Identity Protection detects risky users and sign-ins using machine learning and behavioral analytics. Risk levels are determined based on unusual activity such as impossible travel, malware-infected devices, or leaked credentials.

Option A) is correct because you can configure a Conditional Access policy to automatically block access for users flagged as high-risk. Steps include:

Target users – All or specific groups.

Define conditions – Sign-in risk level: medium or high.

Access controls – Block access or require password reset/MFA.

Monitor – Review logs to verify policy impact and mitigate false positives.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for risky sign-ins but cannot automatically block high-risk users or customize responses.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates passwords but does not handle risk-based sign-ins.

Option D), Azure AD B2B collaboration, manages guest access but cannot block risky sign-ins automatically.

Benefits of blocking high-risk users via Conditional Access:

Reduces the likelihood of account compromise.

Enforces adaptive security policies dynamically.

Supports auditing and compliance by recording risk events.

For example, a user attempting to sign in from an unfamiliar country is flagged as high-risk. Conditional Access blocks access until the user resets the password or satisfies MFA requirements, preventing unauthorized access.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy blocking high-risk users is the recommended method for mitigating compromised accounts automatically.

Question 37:

Your organization wants to allow users to securely authenticate without passwords using FIDO2 security keys. Which solution should you implement?

A) Enable FIDO2 security keys for passwordless authentication
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Conditional Access blocking legacy authentication

Answer: A) – Enable FIDO2 security keys for passwordless authentication

Explanation 

Passwordless authentication eliminates passwords, which are vulnerable to phishing, brute-force, and credential reuse attacks. FIDO2 security keys use cryptographic authentication to verify user identity.

Option A) is correct because administrators can:

Register FIDO2 security keys for users.

Enable passwordless sign-in using the key.

Authenticate without a password via a key tap and optional PIN or biometric.

Integrate with Conditional Access to require MFA if necessary.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA but does not provide passwordless authentication.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates on-premises credentials but does not remove passwords.

Option D), Conditional Access blocking legacy authentication, prevents insecure protocols but does not enable passwordless authentication.

Benefits of FIDO2 passwordless authentication:

Strong protection against phishing and credential theft.

Simplified user experience with faster logins.

Supports layered security with MFA or device compliance.

For example, a user authenticates to Microsoft 365 by inserting a registered FIDO2 key and providing a biometric confirmation. No password is entered, reducing risk and improving usability.

In conclusion, enabling FIDO2 security keys for passwordless authentication is the recommended approach for secure, modern sign-ins.

Question 38:

Your company wants to enforce that external guests can only access Teams if they are on compliant devices. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy targeting guest users and requiring compliant devices
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy targeting guest users and requiring compliant devices

Explanation 

Conditional Access policies allow organizations to enforce access controls based on user type, device compliance, and other conditions. Applying this to guest users ensures external collaborators meet security standards before accessing sensitive resources.

Option A) is correct because administrators can:

Target guest users in Azure AD B2B collaboration.

Require device compliance – Enrolled in Intune and meeting compliance policies.

Apply access controls – Allow access only if the device is compliant.

Audit all sign-ins for security and compliance.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for risky sign-ins but cannot enforce device compliance for guest users.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates credentials but does not enforce conditional access or compliance.

Option D), PIM, manages privileged roles but does not apply to external guest access.

Benefits include:

Secure external collaboration with compliance assurance.

Reduced risk of unauthorized access from unmanaged devices.

Full audit trail for reporting and compliance.

For example, a partner attempting to access Teams from a personal device is blocked until the device is compliant and enrolled in Intune.

In conclusion, implementing a Conditional Access policy that specifically targets guest users and requires compliant devices is a highly effective strategy for securing external access to organizational resources. Guest users, by definition, are individuals outside the core organization who may need temporary or limited access to applications, collaboration platforms, or shared data. While these users are often necessary for business operations, they also present a higher security risk because their accounts and devices are typically not fully managed or controlled by the organization. By enforcing device compliance through Conditional Access, organizations can ensure that only devices meeting security standards—such as updated operating systems, endpoint protection, and management policies—are allowed to access sensitive resources, thereby reducing the attack surface and mitigating potential threats.

The primary benefit of targeting guest users with compliant device requirements is risk-based access control. Guest accounts are more susceptible to compromise, either through weak authentication, shared credentials, or devices lacking proper security configurations. Conditional Access policies allow administrators to define rules that enforce device compliance checks before granting access. For instance, a guest user attempting to access a SharePoint site or Teams workspace would need to authenticate from a managed or compliant device. If the device fails to meet security requirements, access can be blocked or limited, ensuring that sensitive organizational data is not exposed to vulnerable endpoints.

Moreover, this approach supports a layered security posture in alignment with zero-trust principles. Zero-trust assumes that no user or device should be inherently trusted, whether internal or external. By enforcing compliance for guest devices, organizations apply a critical verification step that protects resources even when users originate from outside the corporate network. This reduces the risk of data leakage, malware propagation, and unauthorized access from unmanaged or compromised devices, which is especially important for organizations collaborating with partners, contractors, or vendors.

Conditional Access policies targeting guest users also provide visibility and control over external access activity. Administrators can monitor sign-in attempts, track device compliance status, and adjust policies as new threats or organizational requirements arise. The policy can integrate with identity protection tools to evaluate risk signals such as unusual location sign-ins, sign-in anomalies, or multiple failed authentication attempts. This enables a proactive and adaptive security model that strengthens overall resilience without unnecessarily impeding legitimate guest access.

Compared to generic access controls, targeting guest users with compliant device requirements strikes an optimal balance between security and usability. Internal employees can continue to access resources with their managed devices, while guest users are required to meet defined security standards, minimizing disruption while significantly enhancing protection. Additionally, this approach supports regulatory compliance by ensuring that external access aligns with standards like GDPR, HIPAA, and SOC 2, demonstrating due diligence in protecting sensitive data.

Overall, a Conditional Access policy that enforces device compliance for guest users is a best-practice solution for securing external access. It mitigates risk, enforces accountability for external devices, provides visibility into external access activity, and aligns with modern zero-trust security principles, ensuring that organizational resources remain secure while enabling collaboration with external partners.

Question 39:

Your organization wants to automatically require MFA for users attempting to sign in from high-risk countries or IP ranges. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy with location-based MFA requirements
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD B2B collaboration

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy with location-based MFA requirements

Explanation 

Conditional Access enables context-aware security, allowing organizations to enforce MFA based on location or IP address. This protects against sign-ins from regions associated with high risk or attacks.

Option A) is correct because administrators can:

Target users or groups for the policy.

Apply conditions – Specific countries or IP ranges.

Require MFA when conditions are met.

Audit sign-in attempts for compliance monitoring.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA for admins and risky sign-ins, but cannot apply MFA based on specific locations or IPs.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, validates credentials but cannot enforce location-based MFA.

Option D), Azure AD B2B collaboration, manages guest access but does not enforce location-based MFA for internal users.

Benefits include:

Adaptive security targeting risky sign-ins.

Reduced friction for users signing in from trusted locations.

Integration with audit and reporting for compliance.

For example, a user attempting to sign in from a country where the organization does not operate will be prompted for MFA, while sign-ins from the office proceed without interruption.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy with location-based MFA is the best approach for protecting against high-risk location sign-ins.In conclusion, implementing a Conditional Access policy with location-based Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) provides a highly effective and context-aware approach to securing organizational resources against high-risk sign-ins originating from unusual or suspicious locations. Conditional Access policies allow administrators to define granular access controls that evaluate multiple conditions, including user identity, device compliance, application sensitivity, and geographic location. By incorporating location-based criteria, organizations can enforce additional security measures, such as requiring MFA when a user attempts to sign in from an unfamiliar country, region, or IP address range. This targeted enforcement significantly reduces the risk of credential compromise from remote attackers while minimizing friction for users accessing resources from trusted locations.

The primary advantage of combining Conditional Access with location-based MFA lies in its adaptive security model. Traditional MFA policies often require all users to perform additional verification regardless of risk, which can lead to unnecessary user frustration and lower adoption rates. In contrast, location-aware Conditional Access policies apply MFA only when there is an elevated risk associated with the sign-in attempt. For example, if a user who normally logs in from New York suddenly attempts to access their account from Eastern Europe, the policy triggers an MFA challenge. If the sign-in occurs from a familiar, low-risk location such as the user’s home or corporate office, no additional verification is required. This balance of security and usability ensures that strong protection measures are in place without disrupting normal workflow or productivity.

Furthermore, location-based MFA enhances visibility and auditing capabilities. Security teams can track the geographic origin of sign-in attempts, identify patterns that may indicate account compromise, and adjust Conditional Access rules dynamically based on emerging threats. This proactive approach supports compliance with industry regulations that mandate risk-based access controls, such as GDPR, HIPAA, and SOC 2, and demonstrates that the organization is taking concrete steps to protect sensitive data. When combined with other risk signals—such as unusual device activity, impossible travel detection, or sign-in anomalies—location-based MFA creates a layered defense that is more resilient to phishing, credential stuffing, and other account takeover attacks.

Implementing this policy also aligns with zero-trust security principles, which assume that no user or device should be inherently trusted based solely on network location. By enforcing verification at the point of access based on risk factors, organizations reduce the reliance on static security measures such as IP allowlists or VPN-only access. Conditional Access policies can be continuously refined and updated as organizational requirements evolve, enabling a dynamic security posture that adapts to emerging threats while maintaining operational efficiency.

Overall, a Conditional Access policy with location-based MFA represents a strategic, user-friendly, and highly effective method for mitigating the risks associated with high-risk sign-ins. It combines adaptive security, regulatory compliance, and operational practicality, ensuring that users are both protected and empowered to access resources securely from anywhere in the world.

Question 40:

Your organization wants to ensure that only users with compliant, managed devices can access Microsoft 365 applications. Which solution should you implement?

A) Conditional Access policy requiring device compliance and management
B) Security Defaults
C) Pass-through Authentication
D) Azure AD B2B collaboration

Answer: A) – Conditional Access policy requiring device compliance and management

Explanation 

Conditional Access policies allow organizations to enforce device-based access restrictions. By requiring devices to be both compliant and managed (e.g., InIntune-enrolled organizations ensure that corporate data is accessed securely.

Option A) is correct because administrators can:

Target all users or specific groups.

Apply policies to Microsoft 365 applications.

Require device compliance – Antivirus, encryption, updates.

Require device management – Devices must be enrolled in Intune.

Option B), Security Defaults, enforces MFA but cannot restrict access based on device compliance or management.

Option C), Pass-through Authentication, allows authentication but does not enforce device-based policies.

Option D), Azure AD B2B collaboration, manages guest access but cannot enforce compliance for internal devices.

Benefits:

Reduces risk of data exposure from unmanaged or insecure devices.

Supports compliance through audit logs and reports.

Enhances security while allowing productive access from trusted devices.

For example, a user attempting to access Microsoft 365 apps from a personal laptop will be blocked until the device is enrolled and compliant.

In conclusion, a Conditional Access policy requiring compliant, managed devices is the recommended approach for securing Microsoft 365 access.