Microsoft SC-401 Administering Information Security in Microsoft 365 Exam Dumps and Practice Test Questions Set7 Q121-140

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Question 121

Your organization wants to secure hybrid identities, including on-premises Active Directory and Azure AD, by detecting suspicious activity, compromised accounts, and lateral movement. Which solution should you implement?

A) Microsoft Defender for Identity
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Identity

Explanation

Hybrid identity environments combine on-premises Active Directory (AD) with Azure AD, creating a broad attack surface. Threat actors often exploit compromised accounts to perform lateral movement and escalate privileges. Detecting these behaviors is essential for maintaining security.

Microsoft Defender for Identity (formerly Azure ATP) monitors directory services, analyzing authentication requests, Kerberos tickets, LDAP queries, and privileged group modifications. It uses behavioral analytics to establish baselines of normal activity. Deviations trigger alerts, enabling security teams to investigate suspicious activity, such as lateral movement or abnormal privilege escalation.

Integration with Microsoft Sentinel allows organizations to correlate identity alerts with endpoint and cloud signals, providing a holistic view of security incidents. Defender for Identity also supports audit trails and compliance reporting, crucial for regulatory requirements.

Alternative solutions:

Azure Firewall protects network traffic but cannot analyze identity behavior.

Intune enforces device compliance but does not monitor identity threats.

Purview focuses on data governance and does not detect compromised accounts.

Benefits include:

Real-time detection of suspicious activities across hybrid AD environments.

Behavioral analytics for abnormal logins and access patterns.

Detailed alerts and investigation context for security teams.

Integration with SIEM solutions for centralized monitoring.

Alignment with Zero Trust principles, continuously verifying identity.

Defender for Identity ensures organizations can proactively identify and mitigate identity-related threats, protecting sensitive resources and reducing the risk of compromise.

Question 122

Your organization wants to detect risky sign-ins and user accounts in Azure AD, such as sign-ins from unfamiliar locations or leaked credentials, and automatically enforce MFA or password resets. Which solution should you deploy?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection
B) Microsoft Intune
C) Azure Firewall
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Azure AD Identity Protection

Explanation

User credentials are a major target for attackers. Compromised accounts can allow unauthorized access to Microsoft 365 applications, cloud workloads, and corporate resources. Organizations need real-time detection and automated mitigation to minimize risk.

Azure AD Identity Protection evaluates user and sign-in risks based on several signals:

Impossible travel, detecting geographically inconsistent logins.

Unfamiliar locations or devices indicate potential compromise.

Leaked credentials, showing passwords exposed in breach databases.

Identity Protection calculates risk scores for users and sign-ins. Administrators can define policies that trigger automatic actions such as MFA enforcement, password resets, or account blocks when risk exceeds thresholds. Integration with Conditional Access allows dynamic, context-aware access decisions.

Alternative options:

Intune manages device compliance but does not assess sign-in risk.

Azure Firewall protects network traffic but does not monitor identity events.

Purview focuses on data governance, not identity security.

Benefits include:

Real-time detection of risky sign-ins to prevent account compromise.

Automated remediation, reducing manual intervention.

Granular risk scoring per user and per sign-in.

Audit logs for compliance and regulatory reporting.

Zero Trust alignment, continuously verifying identity before granting access.

Deploying Azure AD Identity Protection ensures that organizations can proactively mitigate risky accounts, strengthen identity security, and reduce exposure to unauthorized access.

Question 123

Your organization wants to discover and assess all cloud applications in use, assign risk scores, and enforce policies to block unsanctioned apps, reducing shadow IT. Which solution should you use?

A) Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS)
B) Azure AD Identity Protection
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Azure Key Vault

Answer: A) Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS)

Explanation

Shadow IT occurs when employees use cloud apps without IT approval, introducing security, compliance, and operational risks. Organizations need visibility, risk assessment, and enforcement capabilities to manage unsanctioned cloud applications.

Microsoft Cloud App Security (MCAS) is a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB). It discovers cloud applications in use through network traffic logs and API integrations. Each application receives a risk score based on security, compliance, and activity metrics. High-risk or unsanctioned apps can be blocked or restricted, reducing the risk of data leakage or exposure to malicious apps.

MCAS also provides real-time monitoring, alerting administrators to suspicious activity, such as large downloads or external sharing. Integration with Conditional Access ensures access is only granted to approved applications.

Alternative solutions:

Azure AD Identity Protection detects risky sign-ins but does not provide app discovery.

Intune manages devices but cannot detect or enforce cloud app policies.

Azure Key Vault secures secrets but does not provide visibility or enforcement for cloud apps.

Benefits of MCAS:

Full visibility of all cloud applications in use.

Risk scoring for prioritizing mitigation.

Policy enforcement to block or restrict unsanctioned apps.

Real-time monitoring and alerts for anomalous activities.

Zero Trust alignment, continuously verifying app usage and user access.

MCAS enables organizations to control shadow IT, enforce compliance policies, and maintain security across cloud workloads.

Question 124

Your organization wants to monitor and protect endpoints against malware, ransomware, and advanced threats, including automated investigation and remediation. Which solution should you deploy?

A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Purview
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Explanation

Endpoints are a primary attack vector for malware, ransomware, and advanced persistent threats (APTs). Traditional antivirus solutions are insufficient against modern threats, which can include fileless malware or zero-day attacks.

Microsoft Defender for Endpoint is a comprehensive Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) platform. It monitors processes, files, network connections, and device behavior, detecting anomalies using machine learning and threat intelligence.

Key capabilities:

Real-time detection of malware and ransomware.

Automated investigation, analyzing alerts to identify severity and affected devices.

Automated remediation, such as isolating compromised devices, terminating malicious processes, and restoring affected files.

Threat hunting and behavioral analytics for proactive detection.

Alternative solutions:

Azure Firewall controls network traffic but cannot protect endpoints.

Purview focuses on data governance and compliance.

Intune manages devices and compliance, but does not detect or remediate malware.

Benefits include:

Comprehensive endpoint protection against modern threats.

Automated response reduces operational risk and dwell time.

Behavioral analytics and threat intelligence for proactive defense.

Cross-platform support, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and mobile devices.

Integration with SIEM and SOAR solutions for centralized monitoring.

Deploying Defender for Endpoint ensures endpoints are continuously monitored and protected, aligning with Zero Trust principles and reducing the risk of compromise.

Question 125

Your organization wants to continuously monitor cloud workloads for misconfigurations, vulnerabilities and provide actionable recommendations. Which solution is most appropriate?

A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Purview
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud

Explanation

Cloud environments are dynamic and prone to misconfigurations, security gaps, and vulnerabilities. Maintaining a secure posture requires continuous assessment and actionable recommendations.

Microsoft Defender for Cloud is a Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) solution that continuously evaluates workloads against security best practices and industry standards like CIS, NIST, and ISO. It identifies misconfigurations such as unencrypted storage accounts, open management ports, missing patches, and insecure network settings.

Defender for Cloud also provides threat detection using behavioral analytics and Microsoft threat intelligence. Alerts are prioritized to allow focus on high-impact issues. Integration with Microsoft Sentinel enables centralized monitoring and automated remediation through playbooks.

Alternative solutions:

Azure Firewall protects network traffic but does not assess workload configurations.

Purview manages data governance and compliance, but not workload security.

Intune manages device compliance but does not monitor cloud workloads.

Benefits include:

Continuous monitoring of cloud workloads for misconfigurations.

Actionable recommendations for vulnerability remediation.

Threat detection for anomalous activities and attacks.

Compliance reporting aligned with industry standards.

Automation capabilities through integration with Sentinel and SOAR tools.

Deploying Defender for Cloud ensures organizations strengthen their security posture, reduce risk exposure, and implement Zero Trust principles, continuously verifying the security of cloud resources.

Question 126

Your organization wants to classify and protect sensitive data across Microsoft 365 applications, applying encryption and access restrictions automatically. Which solution should you deploy?

A) Microsoft Information Protection (MIP)
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Information Protection (MIP)

Explanation

Sensitive data in collaboration platforms such as SharePoint, Teams, OneDrive, and Exchange is vulnerable to unauthorized access and accidental leakage. Protecting data requires a data-centric approach that automatically classifies and enforces protection based on content.

Microsoft Information Protection (MIP) enables organizations to define sensitivity labels (e.g., Confidential, Highly Confidential, Public). Labels can be applied manually, automatically, or using machine learning classifiers based on the content’s characteristics. Once applied, labels enforce encryption, access restrictions, and rights management, controlling who can view, edit, or share the data.

MIP integrates seamlessly with Microsoft 365, ensuring consistent protection across cloud applications. For hybrid environments, it also extends protection to on-premises file servers and applications, enabling a unified security strategy.

Alternative options:

Azure Firewall protects network traffic but does not classify or protect data.

Sentinel monitors security events but cannot enforce content protection.

Intune manages device compliance but cannot classify or encrypt content.

Benefits of MIP:

Automatic classification and protection of sensitive data)

Encryption and access controls based on sensitivity labels.

Support for regulatory compliance (GDPR, HIPAA, ISO standards).

Integration with Data Loss Prevention (DLP) policies to prevent accidental sharing.

Alignment with Zero Trust principles, continuously protecting data wherever it resides.

Deploying MIP ensures that sensitive information is securely classified and protected, reducing data breach risk and supporting regulatory compliance.

Question 127

Your organization wants to detect and respond to threats across endpoints, identities, and cloud workloads, using centralized monitoring and automated playbooks. Which solution should you use?

A) Microsoft Sentinel
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Microsoft Sentinel

Explanation

Modern threats often span multiple domains: identity, endpoint, and cloud workloads. Organizations need a centralized platform that aggregates, correlates, and responds to threats effectively.

Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) and SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) platform. It collects logs from Azure AD, Defender for Endpoint, Defender for Cloud, Microsoft 365, and third-party systems. AI-driven analytics detect anomalous patterns, reducing false positives.

Sentinel enables automated incident response through playbooks, allowing actions like isolating devices, disabling risky accounts, sending alerts, or initiating remediation workflows. Integration with threat intelligence feeds enhances detection of known attack patterns, enabling proactive threat hunting.

Alternative options:

Azure Firewall controls network traffic but does not correlate or respond to multi-domain threats.

Intune manages devices but cannot detect or respond to incidents across domains.

Purview focuses on data governance, not threat detection.

Benefits of Sentinel:

Centralized visibility across identities, endpoints, and cloud workloads.

Automated response and remediation, reducing response times.

Threat intelligence integration for proactive defense.

Correlation of events to detect complex, multi-stage attacks.

Scalable, cloud-native architecture, supporting hybrid and multi-cloud deployments.

Sentinel allows organizations to detect, investigate, and respond to threats efficiently, ensuring a proactive, intelligence-driven security posture.

Question 128

Your company wants to enforce device compliance before granting access to Microsoft 365 applications, ensuring devices meet requirements like OS version, encryption, and antivirus status. Which solution combination supports this?

A) Microsoft Intune + Azure AD Conditional Access
B) Azure Firewall + Network Security Groups
C) Microsoft Purview + Microsoft Sentinel
D) Azure Key Vault + Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) Microsoft Intune + Azure AD Conditional Access

Explanation

Device compliance is critical in Zero Trust architectures, ensuring only trusted devices can access corporate resources. Non-compliant devices pose security risks, including malware, ransomware, and unauthorized access.

Microsoft Intune enables administrators to define device compliance policies, specifying requirements such as OS version, encryption, antivirus status, and configuration baselines. Devices failing these requirements are marked as non-compliant.

Azure AD Conditional Access enforces access policies based on compliance state. Non-compliant devices can be blocked from accessing Microsoft 365 apps, or users can be required to remediate compliance issues. Conditional Access can also incorporate risk-based authentication, such as requiring MFA for high-risk sign-ins.

Alternative options:

Azure Firewall + NSGs control network traffic, but cannot enforce device compliance.

Purview + Sentinel provides governance and monitoring, but cannot enforce access based on device state.

Azure Key Vault + Defender for Endpoint protects secrets and endpoints, but does not combine compliance enforcement with access control.

Benefits of Intune + Conditional Access:

Verification of device compliance before granting access.

Automatic remediation prompts for non-compliant devices.

Integration with Conditional Access for contextual, dynamic access decisions.

Audit logs for regulatory compliance reporting.

Zero Trust alignment, continuously verifying device security posture.

This combination ensures that only secure, compliant devices access corporate resources, mitigating potential security risks.

Question 129

Your organization wants to detect insider threats, including compromised accounts and unusual activity in Active Directory and Azure AD.) Which solution should you implement?

A) Microsoft Defender for Identity
B) Azure Key Vault
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Identity

Explanation

Insider threats, whether malicious or accidental, pose a significant security risk because they originate from trusted accounts. Detecting and responding to these threats requires behavioral analytics across identity systems.

Microsoft Defender for Identity monitors hybrid AD environments, tracking authentication requests, group changes, and Kerberos activities. It identifies anomalous activity such as unusual logins, lateral movement, or privilege escalation. Alerts provide detailed information about the affected accounts, devices, and potential attack paths.

Defender for Identity integrates with Microsoft Sentinel, allowing correlation with endpoint and cloud signals for a comprehensive view of potential insider threats. Security teams can investigate compromised accounts proactively, reducing potential damage.

Alternative options:

Azure Key Vault secures secrets but does not monitor user behavior.

Intune enforces device compliance but does not detect insider threats.

Purview focuses on data governance rather than identity threats.

Benefits of Defender for Identity:

Real-time detection of risky behaviors and insider threats.

Behavioral analytics to identify deviations from normal activity.

Detailed alerting and context for effective investigation.

Integration with SIEM solutions for centralized monitoring.

Zero Trust alignment, continuously monitoring identity behavior.

Deploying Defender for Identity allows organizations to detect, investigate, and mitigate insider threats proactively, ensuring a secure identity infrastructure.

Question 130

Your organization wants to continuously monitor cloud workloads for misconfigurations, vulnerabilities and provide actionable remediation recommendations. Which solution should you deploy?

A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Purview
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud

Explanation

Cloud environments are dynamic and often contain misconfigurations or vulnerabilities due to rapid deployment or human error. Maintaining a strong security posture requires continuous assessment and actionable remediation.

Microsoft Defender for Cloud is a Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) and workload protection solution. It continuously evaluates Azure, hybrid, and multi-cloud resources against security best practices and industry benchmarks such as CIS, NIST, and ISO. Misconfigurations such as unencrypted storage accounts, open management ports, and missing patches are identified. Defender for Cloud also provides threat detection using behavioral analytics and Microsoft threat intelligence, prioritizing alerts based on risk. Integration with Microsoft Sentinel allows centralized incident management and automated remediation through playbooks.

Alternative options:

Azure Firewall protects network traffic but does not assess cloud workloads.

Purview focuses on data governance and compliance.

Intune manages devices but does not monitor cloud workloads.

Benefits of Defender for Cloud:

Continuous monitoring of cloud workloads for misconfigurations and vulnerabilities.

Actionable remediation recommendations to mitigate risks.

Threat detection for anomalous behavior and attacks.

Compliance reporting aligned with industry standards.

Automation and integration with SIEM and SOAR solutions for streamlined response.

Deploying Defender for Cloud ensures organizations strengthen their security posture, reduce risk exposure, and maintain continuous compliance, following Zero Trust principles.

Question 131

Your organization wants to enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) only when users sign in from risky locations or devices that do not meet compliance requirements. Which solution should you deploy?

A) Azure AD Conditional Access
B) Microsoft Intune
C) Microsoft Purview
D) Azure Firewall

Answer: A) Azure AD Conditional Access

Explanation

Organizations increasingly adopt a Zero Trust approach, which assumes that no user or device should be implicitly trusted. Conditional Access allows IT teams to define policies that grant or block access to resources based on conditions such as user risk, device compliance, location, and application sensitivity. By leveraging Azure AD Conditional Access, administrators can require multi-factor authentication only under specific circumstances, such as risky sign-ins or non-compliant devices, rather than enforcing MFA for all access. This balances security with user convenience, reducing friction while protecting sensitive applications.

Conditional Access integrates with Azure AD Identity Protection, allowing risk-based policies to trigger automated actions. For example, if a user signs in from a location not typically associated with their account or from an unfamiliar device, the system can automatically require MFA verification or block access until the account risk is mitigated. Conditional Access also supports granular controls over cloud applications, enabling policies for individual workloads or groups of users.

Alternative solutions, such as Microsoft Intune, focus primarily on device management and compliance, while Microsoft Purview is geared toward data governance, and Azure Firewall is designed for network traffic protection. None of these solutions provides risk-based access control for user identities in cloud applications.

Key benefits of Conditional Access include real-time enforcement of access policies, alignment with Zero Trust principles, risk-based authentication, seamless integration with MFA solutions, and detailed logging for audit and compliance purposes. By deploying Conditional Access, organizations can dynamically adapt authentication requirements based on the risk profile, ensuring that high-risk access attempts are appropriately challenged or blocked while maintaining user productivity.

Question 132

Your company wants to protect sensitive documents by applying automatic labels that enforce encryption and restrict sharing across Microsoft 365 services. Which solution is appropriate?

A) Microsoft Information Protection
B) Microsoft Intune
C) Azure Firewall
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Answer: A) Microsoft Information Protection

Explanation

Organizations face growing risks from data breaches, accidental leaks, and regulatory compliance requirements. Protecting sensitive information across cloud platforms requires solutions that can automatically classify and enforce protection based on content. Microsoft Information Protection enables organizations to define sensitivity labels, such as Confidential, Highly Confidential, or Public, which can be applied automatically based on content inspection, user input, or machine learning classifiers.

Once a label is applied, MIP enforces encryption, access restrictions, and rights management, preventing unauthorized access or sharing. For instance, documents labeled Highly Confidential may be accessible only to specific users or groups and may prohibit forwarding outside the organization. Integration with SharePoint, Teams, OneDrive, and Exchange ensures consistent protection across the Microsoft 365 ecosystem.

Alternative solutions like Microsoft Intune focus on device compliance and endpoint management, Azure Firewall controls network traffic, and Microsoft Sentinel provides centralized monitoring and incident response. None of these solutions provides automatic content classification and protection across Microsoft 365 applications.

Benefits of deploying MIP include automatic enforcement of security policies, protection of sensitive data wherever it resides, alignment with regulatory requirements such as GDPR and HIPAA, reduction of accidental data leakage, and seamless integration with existing Microsoft 365 services. By leveraging MIP, organizations can enforce a data-centric security approach, ensuring that sensitive documents are consistently protected without disrupting business processes.

Question 133

Your organization wants to monitor cloud workloads for misconfigurations, vulnerabilities, and threats, and provide recommendations for remediation. Which solution should you implement?

A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud
B) Azure Key Vault
C) Microsoft Purview
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud

Explanation

As organizations adopt cloud workloads, misconfigurations, unpatched systems, and insecure settings can expose resources to attacks. Microsoft Defender for Cloud provides continuous monitoring of cloud and hybrid workloads to detect misconfigurations, vulnerabilities, and security threats. It assesses resources against best practices and regulatory standards such as CIS, NIST, and ISO.

Defender for Cloud identifies issues such as unencrypted storage accounts, exposed management ports, missing patches, and insecure network configurations. It also uses behavioral analytics and Microsoft threat intelligence to detect suspicious activity in workloads. The system prioritizes alerts based on risk, helping administrators focus on the most critical issues. Integration with Microsoft Sentinel allows for centralizing alerts, investigating incidents, and automating remediation through playbooks.

Alternative solutions like Azure Key Vault manage secrets but do not monitor workloads, Microsoft Purview focuses on data governance, and Microsoft Intune manages device compliance. None of these solutions provides comprehensive security monitoring and recommendations for cloud workloads.

Key benefits include continuous assessment of workloads, actionable remediation recommendations, threat detection, compliance reporting, and automation capabilities that streamline incident response. By deploying Defender for Cloud, organizations improve their cloud security posture, reduce exposure to attacks, and support Zero Trust principles by continuously verifying the security of workloads.

Question 134

Your company wants to detect insider threats, including abnormal activity, lateral movement, and compromised accounts in a hybrid Active Directory environment. Which solution is suitable?

A) Microsoft Defender for Identity
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Identity

Explanation

Insider threats are a significant concern because they originate from trusted accounts that already have access to organizational resources. Detecting these threats requires monitoring identity activity for abnormal behavior. Microsoft Defender for Identity is designed to protect hybrid Active Directory environments by analyzing authentication requests, Kerberos tickets, LDAP queries, and group changes. It uses behavioral analytics to detect unusual activities that may indicate compromised accounts, lateral movement, or privilege escalation.

Defender for Identity provides detailed alerts and context, showing which accounts, devices, and actions are involved. Integration with Microsoft Sentinel allows security teams to correlate identity alerts with endpoint and cloud data for a complete view of potential insider threats. Automated responses can be configured to block or remediate suspicious activity quickly.

Alternative solutions, such as Azure Firewall, Intune, and Purview, do not provide comprehensive identity monitoring or insider threat detection in hybrid environments.

Benefits of Defender for Identity include real-time detection of suspicious behaviors, behavioral analytics for anomaly detection, centralized alerting and investigation, integration with SIEM for a holistic security view, and alignment with Zero Trust principles by continuously validating user behavior. Deploying Defender for Identity ensures that insider threats are detected early, reducing potential damage and strengthening organizational security.

Question 135

Your organization wants to enforce access to Microsoft 365 applications only from compliant devices, ensuring OS version, encryption, and antivirus requirements are met. Which solution combination supports this requirement?

A) Microsoft Intune + Azure AD Conditional Access
B) Azure Firewall + Network Security Groups
C) Microsoft Purview + Microsoft Sentinel
D) Azure Key Vault + Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) Microsoft Intune + Azure AD Conditional Access

Explanation

Device compliance is a cornerstone of Zero Trust security. Ensuring that only devices meeting security requirements can access organizational applications helps prevent unauthorized access and reduces risk from malware or compromised endpoints. Microsoft Intune enables administrators to define device compliance policies, including OS version, encryption, antivirus status, and configuration baselines. Devices not meeting these standards are flagged as non-compliant.

Azure AD Conditional Access enforces access policies based on device compliance state. Users with non-compliant devices can be blocked or required to remediate the issues before access is granted. Conditional Access can also incorporate additional conditions, such as user risk, location, or application sensitivity, for fine-grained control.

Alternative options, such as Azure Firewall + NSGs, Purview + Sentinel, and Azure Key Vault + Defender for Endpoint, do not provide the ability to enforce application access based on device compliance.

Benefits include real-time verification of device compliance, automated remediation prompts for non-compliant devices, integration with Conditional Access for contextual access decisions, audit logs for regulatory reporting, and alignment with Zero Trust principles. Using Intune and Conditional Access together ensures that only secure and compliant devices can access Microsoft 365 resources, reducing organizational risk and improving security posture.

Question 136

Your organization wants to detect suspicious activities across endpoints, such as malware execution, unusual process behavior, and lateral movement, and automatically remediate threats. Which solution should you deploy?

A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Explanation

Endpoints are a primary target for attackers using malware, ransomware, and advanced persistent threats. Protecting endpoints requires a solution capable of detecting threats in real-time, investigating alerts automatically, and remediating compromised devices. Microsoft Defender for Endpoint provides an Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) platform that monitors processes, network connections, files, and device behavior.

It uses behavioral analytics, machine learning, and threat intelligence to detect anomalies that traditional antivirus solutions may miss. Suspicious behaviors such as lateral movement, unauthorized privilege escalation, or malicious processes are flagged. Defender for Endpoint can automatically investigate alerts, determine severity, identify affected devices, and take remedial actions, including isolating devices, terminating processes, or restoring impacted files.

Alternative solutions like Azure Firewall protect network traffic but do not detect endpoint threats, Microsoft Intune manages devices but does not monitor or remediate malware, and Microsoft Purview focuses on data governance. Benefits include real-time threat detection, automated investigation and response, proactive threat hunting, cross-platform coverage, and integration with SIEM/SOAR solutions. By deploying Defender for Endpoint, organizations ensure endpoints are continuously monitored, protected, and remediated, reducing operational risk.

Question 137

Your organization wants to continuously monitor hybrid and multi-cloud workloads for misconfigurations, vulnerabilities and provide actionable recommendations. Which solution should you implement?

A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud
B) Azure Key Vault
C) Microsoft Purview
D) Microsoft Intune

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud

Explanation

Cloud workloads are dynamic, and misconfigurations or vulnerabilities can leave resources exposed to attacks. Microsoft Defender for Cloud provides continuous monitoring of cloud and hybrid workloads, detecting misconfigurations, vulnerabilities, and security threats.

It evaluates resources against best practices and regulatory standards like CIS, NIST, and ISO. Misconfigurations such as unencrypted storage accounts, open management ports, missing patches, and insecure network settings are detected. Defender for Cloud also includes threat detection using behavioral analytics and Microsoft threat intelligence. Alerts are prioritized by risk so that administrators can focus on critical issues first.

Integration with Microsoft Sentinel allows centralized monitoring, incident investigation, and automated remediation via playbooks. Alternative solutions like Azure Key Vault manage secrets but do not monitor workloads, Microsoft Purview provides data governance, and Microsoft Intune manages devices but does not assess workload security. Key benefits include continuous assessment, actionable remediation, threat detection, compliance reporting, and automation.

Question 138

Your organization wants to detect risky Azure AD sign-ins, including logins from unfamiliar locations or devices, and automatically enforce MFA or password resets. Which solution should you use?

A) Azure AD Identity Protection
B) Microsoft Intune
C) Azure Firewall
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Azure AD Identity Protection

Explanation

Compromised accounts are a common threat vector. Azure AD Identity Protection evaluates user and sign-in risk using signals such as impossible travel, unfamiliar devices, and leaked credentials. Risk scores are assigned to each sign-in or user based on these signals.

Administrators can define policies to automatically enforce remediation actions, such as requiring MFA, triggering password resets, or blocking access when risk exceeds defined thresholds. Integration with Conditional Access ensures risk-based access enforcement in real-time, protecting sensitive applications without overly disrupting users.

Alternative solutions like Intune focus on device compliance, Azure Firewall controls network traffic, and Microsoft Purview manages data governance. Benefits of Azure AD Identity Protection include real-time detection, automated remediation, granular risk scoring, audit logging, and Zero Trust alignment. Organizations can proactively reduce account compromise risks and protect resources.

Question 139

Your organization wants to detect insider threats in hybrid Active Directory environments, including unusual user activity, lateral movement, and privilege escalation. Which solution is suitable?

A) Microsoft Defender for Identity
B) Azure Firewall
C) Microsoft Intune
D) Microsoft Purview

Answer: A) Microsoft Defender for Identity

Explanation

Insider threats are high risk because they originate from trusted accounts with legitimate access. Microsoft Defender for Identity monitors hybrid Active Directory environments by analyzing authentication requests, Kerberos tickets, LDAP queries, and group modifications. Behavioral analytics identify abnormal activity, such as unusual logins, lateral movement, or privilege escalation attempts.

Defender for Identity provides detailed alerts with context, including affected accounts, devices, and actions taken. Integration with Microsoft Sentinel allows correlation with endpoint and cloud events, offering a complete view of potential insider threats. Automated responses can be configured to block or remediate suspicious activity, reducing potential damage.

Alternative solutions like Azure Firewall, Intune, and Purview do not provide comprehensive identity threat detection. Benefits include real-time monitoring, behavioral analytics for anomaly detection, centralized alerting, integration with SIEM, and alignment with Zero Trust principles. Deploying Defender for Identity enables proactive detection and mitigation of insider threats.

Question 140

Your organization wants to ensure only compliant devices can access Microsoft 365 applications, checking for OS version, encryption, and antivirus status. Which solution combination supports this?

A) Microsoft Intune + Azure AD Conditional Access
B) Azure Firewall + Network Security Groups
C) Microsoft Purview + Microsoft Sentinel
D) Azure Key Vault + Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Answer: A) Microsoft Intune + Azure AD Conditional Access

Explanation

Device compliance is a core component of Zero Trust security. Ensuring only devices meeting security requirements can access organizational applications reduces the risk of malware, unauthorized access, and data compromise. Microsoft Intune allows administrators to define compliance policies for devices, including OS version, encryption, antivirus status, and configuration baselines. Non-compliant devices are flagged and prevented from accessing resources.

Azure AD Conditional Access enforces policies based on device compliance state. Users with non-compliant devices can be blocked or prompted to remediate issues before access is granted. Conditional Access also supports risk-based conditions like location and user risk for fine-grained control.

Alternative solutions, such as Azure Firewall + NSGs, Purview + Sentinel, and Azure Key Vault + Defender for Endpoint, cannot enforce access based on device compliance. Benefits include real-time compliance verification, automated remediation, contextual access control, audit logs for compliance reporting, and alignment with Zero Trust principles. This ensures that only secure and compliant devices can access Microsoft 365 resources.