Microsoft AZ-400 Practice Test Questions, Exam Dumps

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AZ-400 Microsoft Practice Test Questions and Exam Dumps

Question No 1:

You are configuring project metrics for dashboards in Azure DevOps. You need to configure a chart widget that measures the elapsed time to complete work items once they become active. Which of the following widgets should you use?

A. Cumulative Flow Diagram
B. Burnup
C. Cycle Time
D. Burndown

Correct Answer: C. Cycle Time

Explanation:

When configuring dashboards and tracking metrics in Azure DevOps, the Cycle Time widget is specifically designed to measure the amount of time it takes for work items to be completed, starting from the point when they become active (i.e., when work begins) until their completion. The key focus here is on tracking how long it takes for tasks to progress through the workflow, specifically from the moment they are actively worked on until they are finished.

Here’s a breakdown of the options and why Cycle Time is the correct answer:

Cycle Time: This metric tracks the time elapsed between two specific points in a work item’s lifecycle. It starts when a work item becomes active (i.e., when work begins) and ends when it’s completed. This makes it the ideal metric for tracking the time it takes to complete work items once they are active, as requested in the question. Cycle time helps you monitor team efficiency and identify bottlenecks in the development process.
Cumulative Flow Diagram: This widget visualizes the overall progress of work items through various stages in a process (e.g., To Do, In Progress, Done) over time. While it’s useful for monitoring workflow and understanding how work items are distributed across different stages, it doesn’t specifically focus on the time it takes to complete individual work items.
Burnup: The Burnup chart shows the total work completed over time against the total work planned. It tracks progress towards the project’s completion but doesn’t measure the elapsed time for completing individual work items once they are active. This is more focused on overall progress and the work remaining, rather than the time taken to complete tasks.
Burndown: A Burndown chart shows how much work is remaining in a project or sprint over time. It’s generally used to visualize how quickly a team is completing tasks within a specific iteration but doesn’t track the time taken to complete each individual work item once it’s active.

Therefore, Cycle Time is the most suitable widget when your goal is to track the time from the moment work begins on an item to when it is completed.

Question No 2:

You need to evaluate the underlined segment to determine if it is accurate. The Burnup widget measures the elapsed time from the creation of work items to their completion. Select "No adjustment required" if the underlined segment is accurate. If the underlined segment is inaccurate, select the accurate option.

A. No adjustment required.
B. Lead time
C. Test results trend
D. Burndown

Correct Answer: B. Lead time

Explanation:

In the context of Azure DevOps and project metrics, the Burnup widget tracks the amount of work completed over time, but it does not specifically measure the elapsed time from the creation of work items to their completion. The description in the question is inaccurate, as the Burnup chart focuses on the progress of completed work, not the time elapsed.

The correct metric for measuring the time between the creation and completion of work items is Lead Time, not Burnup.

Here’s a breakdown of the options and why Lead Time is the correct answer:

Lead Time: This metric measures the total time it takes for a work item to move from creation to completion. It includes both the time it spends waiting in a backlog and the time spent being worked on actively. Lead time provides insights into how quickly work items are completed from the moment they are created, which makes it the correct metric for tracking the time from the creation to completion of work items.
Burnup: The Burnup chart shows the total amount of work completed over time against the total amount of work planned. While it’s useful for tracking overall progress toward completion of a project or sprint, it doesn’t measure the time it takes for individual work items to be completed. Therefore, the statement in the question about Burnup measuring elapsed time is inaccurate.
Test results trend: This widget tracks the trend of test results over time, specifically focusing on the success or failure of tests in a project. It’s not related to measuring time intervals between creation and completion of work items, and therefore, it does not apply to the context of the question.
Burndown: A Burndown chart tracks the amount of work remaining in a project or sprint over time. It shows the rate at which tasks are being completed but doesn’t focus on the elapsed time between the creation and completion of work items. This is different from Lead Time, which directly tracks that duration.

Thus, the accurate term for measuring the elapsed time from the creation of a work item to its completion is Lead Time, not Burnup. The correct adjustment is to change the term “Burnup” to “Lead time” in the statement.

Question No 3:

You are managing Azure DevOps build and release pipelines, and your development team is quite large, with new members being regularly added. You have been informed that the management of users and licenses must be automated as much as possible. Which of the following tasks cannot be automated?

A. Group membership changes
B. License assignment
C. Assigning entitlements
D. License procurement

Correct Answer: D. License procurement

Explanation:

Azure DevOps provides a variety of tools and features to automate various administrative tasks related to user management, licensing, and entitlements. However, license procurement is an activity that cannot be automated within Azure DevOps.

Here’s why:

Group Membership Changes (A): Azure DevOps allows you to automate group membership management through the use of Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) or PowerShell scripts. You can automatically add or remove users from groups, which is helpful for managing permissions and access control. This task is fully automatable.
License Assignment (B): Azure DevOps supports automation of license assignments using tools such as the Azure DevOps REST API or PowerShell scripts. For instance, you can assign or revoke licenses for users based on predefined roles, ensuring that only authorized users have access to premium features. This task is automatable and can be integrated into a larger automation pipeline.
Assigning Entitlements (C): Entitlements, such as access to specific features or resources within Azure DevOps, can also be automated. These entitlements are often tied to user roles, and you can automate their assignment using tools like Azure AD or scripts. This ensures that the right users get the appropriate access based on their roles or group memberships.
License Procurement (D): License procurement involves purchasing or renewing licenses, which is a manual process tied to the organization’s purchasing system and financial processes. Azure DevOps does not provide a native feature to automate the acquisition of licenses, as this typically involves human intervention, such as engaging with vendors or procurement teams. Therefore, license procurement cannot be automated.

Thus, license procurement is the task that cannot be automated in Azure DevOps, as it falls outside the scope of the platform's automation capabilities and requires manual intervention.

Question No 4:

You have been tasked with improving the security of your team’s development process. Which of the following security tool types would you suggest for the Continuous Integration (CI) phase of the development process?

A. Penetration testing
B. Static code analysis
C. Threat modeling
D. Dynamic code analysis

Correct Answer: B. Static code analysis

Explanation:

When securing the Continuous Integration (CI) phase of the development process, Static Code Analysis is the most appropriate choice. Here’s why:

Static Code Analysis (B): Static code analysis is the process of examining code for potential vulnerabilities or issues without executing it. During the CI phase, it can be integrated into the build pipeline to analyze the source code for common security flaws, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and other vulnerabilities. This tool works by scanning the codebase and providing feedback on potential issues early in the development cycle. It helps developers identify and address security risks before the code is deployed.
Penetration Testing (A): Penetration testing involves actively testing the application for vulnerabilities by attempting to exploit weaknesses in a system. While this is a critical security practice, it is not typically integrated into the CI phase. Penetration testing usually happens later in the development lifecycle or post-deployment, when the application is running, not during the code integration process.
Threat Modeling (C): Threat modeling is a process where potential security threats are identified and mitigated during the design phase of an application. While it’s an important aspect of overall security, it is not a tool that is typically used during the CI phase. It’s more of a planning activity and does not fit the automated, real-time nature of CI.
Dynamic Code Analysis (D): Dynamic code analysis involves running the application and testing it in a live environment to identify runtime vulnerabilities. While dynamic analysis is valuable for security, it is usually part of later testing phases, such as staging or production testing. It cannot be easily integrated into the CI phase, where code is static and not yet running.

Therefore, Static Code Analysis is the best choice for improving security during the CI phase, as it allows you to catch issues early in the development cycle, ensuring that insecure code does not get deployed.

Question No 5:

Your company is currently using Team Foundation Server 2013 (TFS 2013) but intends to migrate to Azure DevOps. You have been tasked with supplying a migration approach that preserves Team Foundation Version Control (TFVC) changeset dates and work item revision dates.

The approach should also minimize the migration effort. You have suggested upgrading TFS to the latest RTW release. Which of the following should also be suggested?

A. Installing the TFS kava SDK
B. Using the TFS Database Import Service to perform the upgrade
C. Upgrading PowerShell Core to the latest version
D. Using the TFS Integration Platform to perform the upgrade

Correct Answer: D. Using the TFS Integration Platform to perform the upgrade

Explanation:

When migrating from Team Foundation Server (TFS) 2013 to Azure DevOps, preserving historical data such as TFVC changeset dates and work item revision dates is critical. The most effective approach is to use the TFS Integration Platform, which is designed for seamless migration from TFS to Azure DevOps.

Here’s why the TFS Integration Platform is the best choice:

TFS Integration Platform (D): The TFS Integration Platform provides tools and features specifically designed to migrate data, including work items, source code history, and changesets, from an older version of TFS to Azure DevOps. It ensures that changeset dates, work item revision histories, and other critical historical data are preserved during migration. This platform minimizes manual intervention and helps automate the migration process, reducing migration effort and the risk of data loss.
TFS kava SDK (A): The TFS kava SDK is not a tool designed for migrating data between TFS and Azure DevOps. It is more focused on enabling custom development and integration within the TFS ecosystem. Therefore, it would not directly assist in migrating TFS data to Azure DevOps.
TFS Database Import Service (B): While this service might seem relevant, it is not specifically designed for upgrading or migrating from TFS 2013 to Azure DevOps. The TFS Database Import Service is more suitable for smaller, less complex database migrations rather than full-scale migrations that involve preserving changeset dates and other important data points.
Upgrading PowerShell Core (C): While upgrading PowerShell Core might be important for certain automation tasks, it is not directly related to the migration of TFS to Azure DevOps. PowerShell is helpful for automating tasks but does not provide a comprehensive solution for preserving TFVC changeset dates during the migration.

Thus, using the TFS Integration Platform is the most effective and specialized solution for migrating from TFS 2013 to Azure DevOps while minimizing effort and ensuring data preservation.

Question No 6:

You are developing a project for a client who will be managing work items via Azure DevOps. The client needs to track a variety of work items including requirements, change requests, risks, and reviews.

Which of the following process templates should you choose to meet these requirements?

A. Basic
B. Agile
C. Scrum
D. CMMI

Correct Answer: D. CMMI

Explanation:

Azure DevOps offers different process templates to manage work items, and each template is suited to different types of projects and methodologies. The four options provided—Basic, Agile, Scrum, and CMMI—each have their own set of predefined work item types. Let’s break down each option:

Basic (A): The Basic process template in Azure DevOps is a simple, lightweight template designed for small teams or projects that do not require a complex or structured process. It includes basic work item types such as User Stories, Tasks, and Bugs, but it does not offer specialized work item types for tracking more complex project elements like requirements, change requests, or risks. This template is not suited for the client’s needs to track multiple work item types, such as requirements and risks.
Agile (B): The Agile process template is designed for teams that follow an agile development methodology. It includes work item types like User Stories, Tasks, Bugs, and Features. While this template is great for tracking the progress of agile teams and managing product backlog items, it lacks specific support for tracking more formal work items like requirements, change requests, or risks, which the client needs.
Scrum (C): The Scrum template is built around the Scrum framework and includes work item types such as Product Backlog Items, Tasks, and Bugs. While it’s more structured than the Agile template, it still doesn’t have specific work item types for tracking requirements, change requests, or risks. This makes it a good choice for Scrum-based teams but not for the specific needs outlined in this scenario.
CMMI (D): The CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) process template is the most appropriate choice for the client’s needs. This template is designed for teams that follow more formal, structured processes, such as those found in regulated environments. The CMMI template includes work item types for Requirements, Change Requests, Risks, Reviews, and other specific types of work items that align with the client’s need to track these elements. The CMMI template supports comprehensive tracking and management of project artifacts, which makes it the best option in this case.

Thus, CMMI is the correct template because it allows for tracking a wide range of work items, including requirements, change requests, risks, and reviews—all of which are explicitly mentioned in the question.

Question No 7:

You run the Register-AzureRmAutomationDscNode command in your company’s environment. You need to ensure that your company's test servers remain correctly configured, regardless of configuration drift.

The solution is to set the -ConfigurationMode parameter to ApplyOnly. Does this solution meet the goal?

A. Yes
B. No

Correct Answer: B. No

Explanation:

In this question, the goal is to ensure that the company’s test servers remain correctly configured and that any configuration drift (changes that deviate from the desired configuration) is corrected automatically. Let’s first understand the functionality of the Register-AzureRmAutomationDscNode command and the -ConfigurationMode parameter.

Register-AzureRmAutomationDscNode: This command registers a node (a machine) to Azure Automation DSC (Desired State Configuration). DSC is a management platform in Azure that allows you to define and maintain the configuration of your machines. It ensures that these machines remain in a specific, desired state over time by applying configuration settings.
-ConfigurationMode Parameter: The -ConfigurationMode parameter controls how DSC applies configurations to nodes:

ApplyOnly: When the -ConfigurationMode is set to ApplyOnly, DSC will apply the configuration only once when it is first registered. After that, if the machine deviates from the desired configuration, DSC will not automatically fix the drift. In essence, it applies the configuration but doesn’t monitor or correct drift after the initial application.

ApplyAndMonitor: This mode, on the other hand, ensures that DSC continuously monitors the machine’s configuration and corrects any drift over time. It actively maintains the desired configuration state.

Since the question specifically asks for ensuring that the servers remain correctly configured regardless of configuration drift, the ApplyOnly mode does not meet this requirement because it does not address ongoing drift after the configuration is applied. Therefore, setting the -ConfigurationMode to ApplyOnly would not ensure that the test servers remain correctly configured over time.

To meet the goal of automatically correcting configuration drift, the correct solution would involve setting the -ConfigurationMode to ApplyAndMonitor. This mode ensures that the configuration is not only applied once but also continuously monitored and corrected if drift occurs.

Thus, the answer is No, because the ApplyOnly mode will not fulfill the requirement of continuously ensuring the correct configuration over time.

Question No 8:

You run the Register-AzureRmAutomationDscNode command in your company's environment. You need to ensure that your company's test servers remain correctly configured, regardless of configuration drift.

The solution provided is to set the -ConfigurationMode parameter to ApplyAndMonitor. Does this solution meet the goal?

A. Yes
B. No

Correct Answer: A. Yes

Explanation:

In this scenario, the objective is to ensure that the test servers remain correctly configured at all times, even if configuration drift occurs. This is crucial for maintaining consistency and ensuring that systems adhere to the desired configurations over time.

Let’s break down what the solution does and how it aligns with the goal:

The Register-AzureRmAutomationDscNode Command: This command is used to register a node (a computer or server) to Azure Automation's Desired State Configuration (DSC) system. DSC is a management tool that helps maintain and enforce the desired configuration state of your infrastructure. When a node is registered, it can then be managed and configured based on DSC configurations.
The -ConfigurationMode Parameter: The -ConfigurationMode parameter determines how DSC will interact with the configuration of the node:

ApplyAndMonitor: This mode applies the desired configuration to the node and continuously monitors the node for any drift from the desired state. If any drift is detected, DSC will automatically apply the configuration again to bring the node back into the desired state.

ApplyOnly: This mode applies the configuration once but does not continuously monitor or correct any drift that occurs after the initial application.

ApplyAndAutocorrect: This is a similar mode to ApplyAndMonitor, but it focuses more on correcting configuration drift by automatically fixing any deviations from the desired state.

In this question, the provided solution is to use the -ConfigurationMode set to ApplyAndMonitor. This is a correct approach, as it ensures that the test servers will not only have their desired configurations applied but will also be continuously monitored. If any configuration drift happens (for example, if a server's settings change or become out of sync with the desired configuration), DSC will take action to restore the server to its correct state.

This solution directly addresses the requirement of maintaining the configuration state regardless of any drift. Therefore, the solution does meet the goal, as it ensures ongoing compliance with the configuration over time.

Thus, the correct answer is Yes.

Question No 9:

The solution provided is to set the -ConfigurationMode parameter to ApplyAndAutocorrect. Does this solution meet the goal?

A. Yes
B. No

Correct Answer: A. Yes

Explanation:

In this question, the goal is to ensure that the test servers maintain their desired configuration state, even if configuration drift occurs. To achieve this, the solution provided suggests setting the -ConfigurationMode parameter to ApplyAndAutocorrect. Let's break down how this mode works and how it addresses the goal:

The Register-AzureRmAutomationDscNode Command: As explained previously, this command registers a node (a server or machine) to the Azure Automation Desired State Configuration (DSC) service. This allows the server to be managed according to a specific configuration.
The -ConfigurationMode Parameter: The ApplyAndAutocorrect mode applies the desired configuration to the node and ensures that it continuously remains in that configuration. If any drift occurs (such as a configuration change that causes the server to deviate from the desired state), the system will automatically correct the drift. This differs from the ApplyAndMonitor mode in that ApplyAndAutocorrect not only monitors the configuration but also takes proactive steps to correct any drift without requiring manual intervention.
How This Meets the Goal: The objective is to ensure that the servers remain correctly configured regardless of configuration drift. Setting the -ConfigurationMode to ApplyAndAutocorrect directly addresses this requirement by ensuring that, in addition to applying the configuration initially, any drift will be automatically corrected. If the server’s configuration deviates from the desired state at any point, DSC will take action to automatically restore it to the correct configuration.

This approach guarantees continuous enforcement of the desired configuration without manual intervention, which meets the goal of ensuring the servers remain correctly configured at all times. Thus, the correct answer is Yes. The solution will effectively meet the goal of maintaining the test servers in the desired configuration, even in the face of configuration drift.