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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 59

Question 580

A DHCP client receives a working IP and gateway but cannot resolve DNS names. The server's lease packet may have an incorrect DNS-server list. Which DHCP option carries the DNS server IPv4 addresses?

  1. Inspect DHCP option 3, the default gateway
  2. Inspect DHCP option 6 in the delivered client parameters
  3. Inspect DHCP option 51, the lease time
  4. Inspect DHCP option 1, the IPv4 subnet mask

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

DHCP can distribute DNS resolver addresses as part of the lease.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Option 3 supplies routers/default gateways, not the DNS server list required for hostname resolution.

C:

Option 51 tells the client how long it may retain the address but does not identify recursive resolvers.

D:

Option 1 identifies the local mask and does not include the DNS resolver addresses.

Question 581

An enterprise WAN router receives packets from several business applications and must group them into service classes before marking and queueing. Which QoS stage identifies packets by source, application or DSCP match?

  1. Apply only DSCP marking without selecting which flows belong to each application class
  2. Use only FIFO queuing and assume it distinguishes voice, backup and interactive traffic
  3. Set one interface-wide policer without matching packet attributes
  4. Classify packets by selected fields or policy matches

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

QoS classification groups packets using policy criteria such as source/destination, application or DSCP markings. Marking and queue scheduling are downstream actions that depend on identifying the correct traffic class first.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Marking follows classification; the situation calls for the stage that separates traffic into service categories.

B:

FIFO treats all packets as one ordered stream and does not perform the requested application-based class identification.

C:

An indiscriminate rate limit does not identify different business application service classes.

Question 582

A policy routes all packets to the same interface but needs to set their DSCP value so downstream routers can apply an agreed per-hop behavior. Which QoS stage writes that packet marking?

  1. Classify packets into a class map but leave their DSCP values unchanged
  2. Shape the traffic rate using a token bucket without modifying DSCP
  3. Set the Ethernet VLAN identifier to the requested DSCP bit value
  4. Mark packets using a selected DSCP value

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

DSCP occupies part of the IP differentiated-services field and conveys a class marking for devices that honor the QoS policy. Merely classifying a packet does not write the desired marker into its header.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Classification selects a traffic set; it does not by itself write the packet’s outbound DSCP field.

B:

Shaping paces packets toward a rate, not the packet marking codepoint used for downstream PHB.

C:

802.1Q VLAN IDs identify Layer 2 segments and are not the IPv4/IPv6 DSCP marking field.

Question 583

A low-latency voice class requires preference during congestion on a constrained WAN link, with a bounded allocation so other traffic is not starved. Which QoS scheduling mechanism is appropriate?

  1. Use a FIFO queue with no differentiation between voice and bulk transfers
  2. Use an unlimited strict-priority queue that can starve other business traffic
  3. Use appropriate priority queuing
  4. Set only DSCP labels without configuring the congestion scheduling behavior

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A priority queue serves selected delay-sensitive packets ahead of ordinary classes subject to policy and platform behavior. Without proper classification and policing, excessive priority traffic can starve other queues.

Incorrect Answers

A:

FIFO does not provide bounded low-latency preferential service to the stated voice class under congestion.

B:

Unbounded priority risks starving other classes; a carefully limited priority allocation meets the stated fairness requirement.

D:

DSCP marks traffic for potential service treatment, but an actual priority queue policy is required on the constrained WAN link.

Question 584

A provider requires ingress traffic to be capped at 50 Mb/s. When the incoming rate exceeds the configured token-bucket allowance, the policy must immediately drop or remark excess packets rather than queue them for later. Which QoS mechanism fits?

  1. Traffic shaping, which delays excess packets in a buffer to smooth transmission
  2. Traffic policing with an exceed action that drops or remarks nonconforming packets
  3. DSCP classification, which labels traffic without enforcing the stated rate
  4. Strict priority queuing, which only chooses scheduling order among packets

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Policing meters a traffic class and takes configured conform/exceed actions, including dropping or marking down packets outside the allowance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Shaping holds packets when possible and schedules them later; the requirement explicitly says excess arrivals must not be queued.

C:

Classification and marking determine traffic identity or header bits but do not alone implement an exceed-rate enforcement action.

D:

A priority queue favors scheduling a class but is not the token-bucket drop/remark rate limiter specified at ingress.

Question 585

A 100-Mb/s campus uplink feeds a 20-Mb/s provider circuit. To avoid sudden provider drops, the router should delay bursts and pace outbound sending near 20 Mb/s when buffering is available. Which QoS behavior is desired?

  1. Egress shaping that buffers excess bursts and releases traffic at a controlled rate
  2. Ingress policing that immediately discards every packet arriving above a microburst threshold
  3. Changing the OSPF router ID, which schedules the WAN interface transmit queue
  4. Increasing syslog log buffer size, which absorbs link data frames during congestion

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Shaping queues bursts and schedules egress transmission at the configured rate, reducing sudden oversubscription of the slower downstream link.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Policing enforces a rate by dropping or remarking excess packets rather than smoothing the traffic through deferred transmission.

C:

The OSPF router ID identifies a routing speaker and has no direct relationship with WAN egress packet pacing.

D:

Syslog buffers store operational messages, not Ethernet/IP data queued for an oversubscribed WAN circuit.

Question 586

A network team needs to identify IP phone RTP traffic before applying a differentiated queue. Packets are arriving with unreliable DSCP markings, but the access switch has a verified voice-device class map. Which step belongs first in the QoS policy?

  1. Classify voice traffic using trusted interface or header matches in the class map
  2. Shape all campus packets at one fixed rate without identifying voice
  3. Apply a syslog facility named voice to every incoming frame
  4. Set the default route next hop to the voice-call controller

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Classification assigns packets to a service class using policy criteria; subsequent marking and scheduling can then target the identified voice flows.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Undifferentiated shaping reduces the aggregate rate but cannot select the specific RTP traffic for preferential treatment.

C:

Syslog facilities categorize operational messages and do not classify transit IP flows into packet-scheduling classes.

D:

Changing an IP route selects forwarding paths rather than marking the service class of individual voice packets.

Question 587

After accurately identifying an important application’s packets at the trusted network edge, the administrator must write DSCP AF31 into their IP headers so downstream nodes can apply a matching QoS policy. What operation performs that header change?

  1. DSCP marking of the classified traffic to AF31
  2. Physical interface speed auto-negotiation to a lower speed
  3. Traffic shaping, which only buffers packets without necessarily changing their DSCP bits
  4. OSPF reference-bandwidth tuning for route metric calculation

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Marking writes an appropriate Differentiated Services value into the IP header, signaling the class for downstream per-hop behaviors.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Ethernet speed negotiation affects the physical link and cannot assign a DSCP value to selected IP packets.

C:

Shaping may defer packet transmissions but does not inherently rewrite the DSCP field required by this scenario.

D:

Reference bandwidth influences OSPF route costs, not the DSCP code point carried in the IP header.

Question 588

During WAN contention, a bounded voice class must receive prompt scheduling ahead of ordinary data without giving it unlimited ability to starve the rest of the traffic. Which policy design fits?

  1. An unbounded strict priority queue with no voice bandwidth limit
  2. A low-latency priority queue with a defined bandwidth or policing limit for the voice class
  3. A syslog severity threshold of 0 for RTP packets
  4. An SNMP trap configuration instead of a packet scheduler

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A bounded low-latency priority class schedules delay-sensitive traffic early while its configured limit protects other classes under saturation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Unbounded priority can consume the available scheduler and jeopardize other traffic; the requirement includes preventing starvation.

C:

Syslog severity is for event messages and does not decide the order in which WAN data packets are transmitted.

D:

SNMP notifications monitor events; they are not a queuing discipline that can minimize voice delay under congestion.

Question 589

An egress WAN class carries many TCP flows. Its queue repeatedly fills, producing bursts of tail drops and synchronized TCP backoffs. The platform supports DSCP-based weighted random early detection. Which congestion-avoidance behavior reduces full-queue tail drop while allowing differentiated early-drop thresholds?

  1. Enforce a constant bit rate by immediately dropping every packet above a policer token bucket, without using queue depth
  2. Raise each voice packet to strict-priority scheduling without any limits and ignore the data queue
  3. Use WRED to probabilistically drop selected packets as average queue depth rises before the queue becomes completely full
  4. Disable all packet classification and retain pure tail drop only after the output queue is already full

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

WRED uses the average queue depth and DSCP-dependent thresholds to start probabilistic drops before the queue is full, reducing synchronized tail-drop bursts.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Token-bucket policing enforces a rate contract, but it does not use WRED’s average-depth, class-sensitive early congestion avoidance.

B:

Unlimited strict priority can starve competing classes and does not implement probabilistic early data-queue dropping.

D:

Pure tail drop waits for a full queue, the behavior already implicated in the problem.

Question 590

An IOS XE router has an applied class-based WAN QoS policy. Users report loss during congestion. The engineer needs read-only per-class match, offered-rate, queue and drop counters on the actual egress interface to distinguish policing losses from queue drops. Which command is the best starting point?

  1. show ip route ospf
  2. show interfaces trunk
  3. show running-config | section router ospf
  4. show policy-map interface GigabitEthernet0/0

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

`show policy-map interface` exposes applied QoS policy classes with matched packets and supported rate, queue and drop statistics for runtime troubleshooting.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The IP route table does not report the active QoS per-class packet accounting and drop counters.

B:

802.1Q trunk state is not the per-class WAN egress policy and packet-drop evidence requested.

C:

OSPF process configuration cannot show current QoS class matches, queues or drops on the active interface.

Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) (200-301) Practice Tests

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