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Question 260
Four 1G aggregated uplinks serve many users, yet a single file copy tops out near 1G. What should users understand?
- LACP neighbor and state verification
- Minimum-links operational policy
- Member port consistency
- Hash-based traffic distribution
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:A standard flow hash usually keeps a flow on one physical member. A flow hash typically selects member links, so one flow need not use the sum of all capacities.
Incorrect Answers
A:LACP partner state and actor/member status reveal whether bundling succeeded. But this does not address the case requirement to interpret aggregate throughput accurately.
B:Minimum member thresholds can intentionally shut a LAG when inadequate links remain. But this does not address the case requirement to interpret aggregate throughput accurately.
C:LAG members must align in speed, VLAN, trunk and related supported settings. But this does not address the case requirement to interpret aggregate throughput accurately.
Question 261
One LACP member forwards an unexpected VLAN not present on its peers. What should be reviewed?
- LACP neighbor and state verification
- Minimum-links operational policy
- LACP passive behavior
- Member port consistency
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Uniform bundle VLAN and port settings prevent inconsistent forwarding. LAG members must align in speed, VLAN, trunk and related supported settings.
Incorrect Answers
A:LACP partner state and actor/member status reveal whether bundling succeeded. But this does not address the case requirement to synchronize member configuration.
B:Minimum member thresholds can intentionally shut a LAG when inadequate links remain. But this does not address the case requirement to synchronize member configuration.
C:A passive peer responds to active negotiation but passive/passive is not expected to form a dynamic bundle. But this does not address the case requirement to synchronize member configuration.
Question 262
A newly added bridge with lower priority unexpectedly becomes root and changes all paths. What design should be corrected?
- Root guard on controlled boundary
- MSTP region identity and revision
- Root bridge selection
- BPDU guard on edge
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:Intentional root priorities keep topology predictable. STP bridge priority and MAC decisions choose a root that shapes redundant forwarding topology.
Incorrect Answers
A:Root guard prevents an unexpected neighbor from replacing the intended root through that boundary. But this does not address the case requirement to control which switch becomes the STP root.
B:MSTP neighbors should match region name, revision and VLAN-to-instance mapping to belong to the same region. But this does not address the case requirement to control which switch becomes the STP root.
D:Unexpected BPDUs on protected edge ports can trigger shutdown or protection action. But this does not address the case requirement to control which switch becomes the STP root.
Question 263
Two adjacent switches show different MSTP regions despite identical VLANs. Which parameters matter?
- VLAN-to-instance mapping
- BPDU guard on edge
- Root guard on controlled boundary
- MSTP region identity and revision
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Region name, revision and mapping must align. MSTP neighbors should match region name, revision and VLAN-to-instance mapping to belong to the same region.
Incorrect Answers
A:MSTP assigns groups of VLANs to distinct spanning-tree instances for managed topology. But this does not address the case requirement to join peers into the same MSTP region.
B:Unexpected BPDUs on protected edge ports can trigger shutdown or protection action. But this does not address the case requirement to join peers into the same MSTP region.
C:Root guard prevents an unexpected neighbor from replacing the intended root through that boundary. But this does not address the case requirement to join peers into the same MSTP region.
Question 264
An engineer wants one instance for voice VLANs and another for student VLANs. What MSTP capability fits?
- BPDU guard on edge
- MSTP region identity and revision
- VLAN-to-instance mapping
- Root guard on controlled boundary
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:VLAN-to-instance mapping groups VLANs under chosen trees. MSTP assigns groups of VLANs to distinct spanning-tree instances for managed topology.
Incorrect Answers
A:Unexpected BPDUs on protected edge ports can trigger shutdown or protection action. But this does not address the case requirement to assign VLAN sets to distinct spanning-tree instances.
B:MSTP neighbors should match region name, revision and VLAN-to-instance mapping to belong to the same region. But this does not address the case requirement to assign VLAN sets to distinct spanning-tree instances.
D:Root guard prevents an unexpected neighbor from replacing the intended root through that boundary. But this does not address the case requirement to assign VLAN sets to distinct spanning-tree instances.
Question 265
A user access port unexpectedly receives BPDUs from an unauthorized switch. Which defense is appropriate?
- VLAN-to-instance mapping
- MSTP region identity and revision
- Root guard on controlled boundary
- BPDU guard on edge
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Edge BPDU guard detects disallowed bridge presence. Unexpected BPDUs on protected edge ports can trigger shutdown or protection action.
Incorrect Answers
A:MSTP assigns groups of VLANs to distinct spanning-tree instances for managed topology. But this does not address the case requirement to protect user ports against accidental bridging.
B:MSTP neighbors should match region name, revision and VLAN-to-instance mapping to belong to the same region. But this does not address the case requirement to protect user ports against accidental bridging.
C:Root guard prevents an unexpected neighbor from replacing the intended root through that boundary. But this does not address the case requirement to protect user ports against accidental bridging.
Question 266
An upstream-facing interface should not permit a connected tenant switch to become root. What guard is relevant?
- MSTP region identity and revision
- Root guard on controlled boundary
- BPDU guard on edge
- Root bridge selection
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Root guard prevents unwanted root takeover via that port. Root guard prevents an unexpected neighbor from replacing the intended root through that boundary.
Incorrect Answers
A:MSTP neighbors should match region name, revision and VLAN-to-instance mapping to belong to the same region. But this does not address the case requirement to preserve intended root selection across a boundary.
C:Unexpected BPDUs on protected edge ports can trigger shutdown or protection action. But this does not address the case requirement to preserve intended root selection across a boundary.
D:STP bridge priority and MAC decisions choose a root that shapes redundant forwarding topology. But this does not address the case requirement to preserve intended root selection across a boundary.
Question 267
Traffic still forwards on only one redundant bridge path and the operator wants to know which link STP blocked. What should be examined?
- STP port role and state inspection
- BPDU guard on edge
- VLAN-to-instance mapping
- Root bridge selection
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Port role and state outputs show discarding/forwarding choices. Role and state outputs reveal forwarding versus alternate/discarding paths.
Incorrect Answers
B:Unexpected BPDUs on protected edge ports can trigger shutdown or protection action. But this does not address the case requirement to identify loop-prevention paths in operation.
C:MSTP assigns groups of VLANs to distinct spanning-tree instances for managed topology. But this does not address the case requirement to identify loop-prevention paths in operation.
D:STP bridge priority and MAC decisions choose a root that shapes redundant forwarding topology. But this does not address the case requirement to identify loop-prevention paths in operation.
Question 268
Two MSTP devices share the same region name and revision but map VLAN 70 to different MST instances. Which configuration must be aligned?
- VLAN-to-instance mapping
- Root guard on controlled boundary
- STP port role and state inspection
- MSTP region identity and revision
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:VLAN-to-instance mapping must match for a consistent region definition. MSTP assigns groups of VLANs to distinct spanning-tree instances for managed topology.
Incorrect Answers
B:Root guard prevents an unexpected neighbor from replacing the intended root through that boundary. But this does not address the case requirement to assign VLAN 70 to the same MST instance on both neighbors.
C:Role and state outputs reveal forwarding versus alternate/discarding paths. But this does not address the case requirement to assign VLAN 70 to the same MST instance on both neighbors.
D:MSTP neighbors should match region name, revision and VLAN-to-instance mapping to belong to the same region. But this does not address the case requirement to assign VLAN 70 to the same MST instance on both neighbors.
Question 269
The core bridge is intended as root but an edge switch wins due to priority. Which configuration should be fixed?
- BPDU guard on edge
- MSTP region identity and revision
- VLAN-to-instance mapping
- Root bridge selection
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Root election follows configured bridge priorities and identifiers. STP bridge priority and MAC decisions choose a root that shapes redundant forwarding topology.
Incorrect Answers
A:Unexpected BPDUs on protected edge ports can trigger shutdown or protection action. But this does not address the case requirement to keep the root at the desired aggregation point.
B:MSTP neighbors should match region name, revision and VLAN-to-instance mapping to belong to the same region. But this does not address the case requirement to keep the root at the desired aggregation point.
C:MSTP assigns groups of VLANs to distinct spanning-tree instances for managed topology. But this does not address the case requirement to keep the root at the desired aggregation point.
Question 270
A desk-side mini-switch is connected to a protected access port and an STP BPDU arrives. What feature should respond?
- Root bridge selection
- Root guard on controlled boundary
- MSTP region identity and revision
- BPDU guard on edge
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:BPDU protection handles a switching neighbor on an edge. Unexpected BPDUs on protected edge ports can trigger shutdown or protection action.
Incorrect Answers
A:STP bridge priority and MAC decisions choose a root that shapes redundant forwarding topology. But this does not address the case requirement to avoid unauthorized Layer 2 topology extension.
B:Root guard prevents an unexpected neighbor from replacing the intended root through that boundary. But this does not address the case requirement to avoid unauthorized Layer 2 topology extension.
C:MSTP neighbors should match region name, revision and VLAN-to-instance mapping to belong to the same region. But this does not address the case requirement to avoid unauthorized Layer 2 topology extension.
HPE Network Switching Professional (HPE7-A08) Practice Tests