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Question 650
After a spanning-tree root change every few seconds, hosts see brief gaps and MAC tables churn. Which mechanism is implicated?
- Repeated spanning-tree topology changes
- Unnecessary wide VLAN extension
- MAC address flapping between ports
- Unknown unicast flooding
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Frequent topology changes cause forwarding relearning and temporary disruption. Frequent MSTP topology changes may flush forwarding state and cause transient flooding.
Incorrect Answers
B:A VLAN extended over too many links increases the blast radius of broadcast and topology events. But this does not address the case requirement to identify MSTP topology instability.
C:The same source MAC learned alternately on multiple ports suggests a loop or unstable topology. But this does not address the case requirement to identify MSTP topology instability.
D:Absent learned MAC destinations cause frames to be flooded over eligible VLAN ports. But this does not address the case requirement to identify MSTP topology instability.
Question 651
Packets for rarely used endpoints reach many switch ports even without broadcast traffic. What explains this behavior?
- Unknown unicast flooding
- Unnecessary wide VLAN extension
- MAC address flapping between ports
- Broadcast storm from accidental loop
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Unknown destinations are flooded while MAC learning is incomplete. Absent learned MAC destinations cause frames to be flooded over eligible VLAN ports.
Incorrect Answers
B:A VLAN extended over too many links increases the blast radius of broadcast and topology events. But this does not address the case requirement to identify unknown-unicast flooding.
C:The same source MAC learned alternately on multiple ports suggests a loop or unstable topology. But this does not address the case requirement to identify unknown-unicast flooding.
D:A Layer 2 loop can amplify flooded frames and consume capacity and switch processing. But this does not address the case requirement to identify unknown-unicast flooding.
Question 652
The same gateway MAC is alternately learned on uplink one and uplink two. What state points toward a topology issue?
- Repeated spanning-tree topology changes
- Unnecessary wide VLAN extension
- MAC address flapping between ports
- Oversized multicast flood domain
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:Rapid MAC moves between interfaces indicate instability or loops. The same source MAC learned alternately on multiple ports suggests a loop or unstable topology.
Incorrect Answers
A:Frequent MSTP topology changes may flush forwarding state and cause transient flooding. But this does not address the case requirement to identify MAC flapping rather than routing metric.
B:A VLAN extended over too many links increases the blast radius of broadcast and topology events. But this does not address the case requirement to identify MAC flapping rather than routing metric.
D:Unconstrained multicast replication can consume ports without interested receivers. But this does not address the case requirement to identify MAC flapping rather than routing metric.
Question 653
An IP video VLAN floods multicast feeds across every edge port despite few subscribers. What causes wasted capacity?
- MAC address flapping between ports
- Repeated spanning-tree topology changes
- Oversized multicast flood domain
- Unknown unicast flooding
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:Insufficient multicast listener control expands replication. Unconstrained multicast replication can consume ports without interested receivers.
Incorrect Answers
A:The same source MAC learned alternately on multiple ports suggests a loop or unstable topology. But this does not address the case requirement to identify excess multicast distribution.
B:Frequent MSTP topology changes may flush forwarding state and cause transient flooding. But this does not address the case requirement to identify excess multicast distribution.
D:Absent learned MAC destinations cause frames to be flooded over eligible VLAN ports. But this does not address the case requirement to identify excess multicast distribution.
Question 654
A flat VLAN spans seven buildings and a small loop impacts all buildings simultaneously. Which design factor increases the outage scope?
- MAC address flapping between ports
- Unnecessary wide VLAN extension
- Repeated spanning-tree topology changes
- Unknown unicast flooding
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Excessive Layer 2 extension spreads the failure domain. A VLAN extended over too many links increases the blast radius of broadcast and topology events.
Incorrect Answers
A:The same source MAC learned alternately on multiple ports suggests a loop or unstable topology. But this does not address the case requirement to identify the oversized broadcast domain.
C:Frequent MSTP topology changes may flush forwarding state and cause transient flooding. But this does not address the case requirement to identify the oversized broadcast domain.
D:Absent learned MAC destinations cause frames to be flooded over eligible VLAN ports. But this does not address the case requirement to identify the oversized broadcast domain.
Question 655
A broadcast packet count triples whenever an unmanaged mini-switch is patched at a desk. What failure mechanism is likely?
- Broadcast storm from accidental loop
- Oversized multicast flood domain
- Unknown unicast flooding
- MAC address flapping between ports
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The desk switch may have closed a bridging loop. A Layer 2 loop can amplify flooded frames and consume capacity and switch processing.
Incorrect Answers
B:Unconstrained multicast replication can consume ports without interested receivers. But this does not address the case requirement to explain a broadcast amplification event.
C:Absent learned MAC destinations cause frames to be flooded over eligible VLAN ports. But this does not address the case requirement to explain a broadcast amplification event.
D:The same source MAC learned alternately on multiple ports suggests a loop or unstable topology. But this does not address the case requirement to explain a broadcast amplification event.
Question 656
The MAC for one access point bounces between unrelated ports throughout the day. Which telemetry is most suspicious?
- Repeated spanning-tree topology changes
- Broadcast storm from accidental loop
- Unknown unicast flooding
- MAC address flapping between ports
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Repeated MAC moves indicate unstable Layer 2 reachability. The same source MAC learned alternately on multiple ports suggests a loop or unstable topology.
Incorrect Answers
A:Frequent MSTP topology changes may flush forwarding state and cause transient flooding. But this does not address the case requirement to identify MAC address learning churn.
B:A Layer 2 loop can amplify flooded frames and consume capacity and switch processing. But this does not address the case requirement to identify MAC address learning churn.
C:Absent learned MAC destinations cause frames to be flooded over eligible VLAN ports. But this does not address the case requirement to identify MAC address learning churn.
Question 657
After a faulty bridge insertion, network monitor shows hundreds of MSTP topology change events and repeated forwarding interruptions. What explains the symptoms?
- MAC address flapping between ports
- Repeated spanning-tree topology changes
- Broadcast storm from accidental loop
- Oversized multicast flood domain
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Spanning-tree convergence is repeatedly disturbed. Frequent MSTP topology changes may flush forwarding state and cause transient flooding.
Incorrect Answers
A:The same source MAC learned alternately on multiple ports suggests a loop or unstable topology. But this does not address the case requirement to identify topology-change performance impact.
C:A Layer 2 loop can amplify flooded frames and consume capacity and switch processing. But this does not address the case requirement to identify topology-change performance impact.
D:Unconstrained multicast replication can consume ports without interested receivers. But this does not address the case requirement to identify topology-change performance impact.
Question 658
IPTV data reaches every port in a VLAN instead of only subscriber ports; listener tables are empty. What is missing?
- Absent IGMP querier where required
- Excessive sender bit rate
- Multicast TTL or scope restriction
- Missing IGMP snooping listener state
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Useful IGMP snooping membership state is not present. Without correct listener entries, a VLAN may flood multicast or fail to deliver streams efficiently.
Incorrect Answers
A:Membership state may age without periodic queries on a snooped broadcast domain. But this does not address the case requirement to diagnose absent per-port listener control.
B:A source can overwhelm access bandwidth independently of multicast group membership controls. But this does not address the case requirement to diagnose absent per-port listener control.
C:A deliberately low TTL or scope limit can prevent delivery beyond its intended segment. But this does not address the case requirement to diagnose absent per-port listener control.
Question 659
A snooped multicast VLAN works briefly after boot but receiver memberships expire with no querier. What dependency explains the timeout?
- Absent IGMP querier where required
- RPF check or upstream route mismatch
- Excessive sender bit rate
- Multicast TTL or scope restriction
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Regular membership queries are absent and entries age out. Membership state may age without periodic queries on a snooped broadcast domain.
Incorrect Answers
B:An arriving multicast flow can be discarded when its source fails reverse-path forwarding validation. But this does not address the case requirement to identify missing IGMP querier.
C:A source can overwhelm access bandwidth independently of multicast group membership controls. But this does not address the case requirement to identify missing IGMP querier.
D:A deliberately low TTL or scope limit can prevent delivery beyond its intended segment. But this does not address the case requirement to identify missing IGMP querier.
Question 660
Receivers on the same VLAN play live video but receivers on another routed VLAN receive nothing. Which capability may be missing?
- Absent IGMP querier where required
- RPF check or upstream route mismatch
- Excessive sender bit rate
- No routed multicast forwarding
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Multicast routing/PIM is required across an L3 boundary. Receiver VLANs cannot receive routed group traffic if multicast routing/PIM path is absent.
Incorrect Answers
A:Membership state may age without periodic queries on a snooped broadcast domain. But this does not address the case requirement to identify absent routed multicast support.
B:An arriving multicast flow can be discarded when its source fails reverse-path forwarding validation. But this does not address the case requirement to identify absent routed multicast support.
C:A source can overwhelm access bandwidth independently of multicast group membership controls. But this does not address the case requirement to identify absent routed multicast support.
HPE Network Switching Professional (HPE7-A08) Practice Tests
