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Microsoft AZ-104 Practice Test 43

Question 420

A service running on an Azure VM needs to request a secret from Key Vault. The security team prohibits hard-coded service principal secrets in VM startup scripts and wants permissions tied to the VM identity. Which design is suitable?

  1. Embed a Key Vault administrator password directly into custom data
  2. Grant a Key Vault access policy to the VM resource's ARM ID without enabling any Microsoft Entra identity for the workload
  3. Assign the VM only the Azure resource group Reader role and assume secrets are returned
  4. Enable a managed identity on the VM and grant it the necessary Key Vault access

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A VM managed identity receives Entra tokens without storing a long-lived application secret in the script. Scope the Key Vault data permission to the required secret operations.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Custom data and scripts can be exposed to privileged operators. Hardcoding credentials violates the no-secrets requirement and broadens compromise impact.

B:

Key Vault authorizes principal identities, not an unauthenticated VM ARM resource ID treated as a credential. The service needs a token-bearing identity. Enabling the VM's managed identity and granting that principal appropriate secret data permissions avoids long-lived client secrets.

C:

Control-plane Reader does not authorize Key Vault secret data-plane retrieval. An appropriately privileged identity and vault access permission are still required.

Question 421

A team uses cloud-init on a newly created Linux Azure VM to install a web server and configure packages on first boot. Weeks later they change the cloud-init text in the deployment repository and expect the existing VM to automatically re-run it. What limitation should they plan for?

  1. Changing a storage-account access tier automatically replays VM cloud-init
  2. Assigning a new Azure Policy audit rule triggers cloud-init re-execution
  3. Initial cloud-init provisioning should not be treated as automatic ongoing configuration reconciliation
  4. The VM cannot install packages through cloud-init on first boot

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Cloud-init is primarily a provisioning mechanism at instance initialization. Updating source text later does not by itself create continuous configuration management on an existing VM.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Blob tiers are unrelated to guest initialization lifecycle. The existing VM has no reason to rerun cloud-init because of storage changes.

B:

An Audit effect records compliance conditions; it does not invoke Linux guest bootstrap scripts on existing VMs.

D:

Cloud-init can run provisioning actions such as package installation on supported images. The problem concerns repeated application to an already initialized VM.

Question 422

Operations needs to run a short remedial PowerShell script inside one Azure Windows VM. The VM has no inbound public RDP rule, but its guest agent is functioning and the operator has the necessary ARM rights. Which Azure capability is appropriate?

  1. Copy the script into an Azure Storage container but never invoke it on the guest
  2. Run Command on the VM resource using the guest agent
  3. Open a temporary public RDP rule to Any source and run the script manually
  4. Configure Custom Script Extension and assume it is a direct replacement for a one-time interactive run with no deployment considerations

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Azure VM Run Command executes supported scripts through the VM agent under authorized management operations, avoiding the need to establish broad inbound RDP exposure.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Storing a script makes bytes available but does not execute them on the VM, so the remediation would not actually run.

C:

RDP may permit interactive work but exposes a broad inbound attack surface that the case seeks to avoid given a working agent-based operation.

D:

A VM extension can execute scripts but is a declarative lifecycle mechanism; Run Command is the direct targeted operational action for this short remedial script.

Question 423

An Azure Windows VM is reported as Running, but RDP connections fail. The administrator suspects Windows is stuck at a recovery screen and wants a view of the boot console without relying on guest network access. What should be examined?

  1. VM Boot diagnostics screenshot and console output
  2. Inspect only the Network Watcher connection troubleshoot report for TCP 3389
  3. Inspect only Azure Resource Health status for the VM resource
  4. Inspect only the VM instance-view provisioning status and assume it contains a screenshot of the Windows recovery screen

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Boot diagnostics can show a hypervisor-provided screenshot and console information even when the guest cannot accept an RDP session, helping distinguish boot failure from a pure network issue.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A network connectivity test can identify an RDP reachability failure but cannot display the guest recovery screen or boot console when the OS is stuck before login.

C:

Resource Health can report platform-level availability, but it is not a substitute for a screenshot or console messages revealing the guest recovery state.

D:

Azure instance-view state can show platform and guest-agent status but does not supply the graphical Windows boot screen the administrator needs. Boot diagnostics is designed to capture boot screenshots and serial output even when ordinary RDP cannot connect.

Question 424

An Azure Windows VM has been successfully created, but its Custom Script Extension reports a command-not-found error. The image has no configured path to the required executable. Where should the operator investigate before redeploying the whole VM?

  1. Check only the Azure deployment status and stop once it shows Succeeded
  2. Recreate the VM image without examining the extension command or guest PATH
  3. The extension instance view, execution logs, and guest command environment or PATH
  4. Inspect only the VM extension's provisioning state in Azure Resource Manager and infer that Succeeded validates the guest PATH

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Extension status and command execution logs reveal guest process failures. Repairing PATH or the invoked command is more targeted than rebuilding otherwise healthy compute resources.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An ARM deployment can succeed while the guest script extension fails afterward. The extension instance view and execution logs are required to identify a command-resolution error.

B:

Replacing an otherwise provisioned VM adds disruption and can reproduce the same extension failure if the command environment has not been fixed.

D:

The VM resource deployment state does not expose the guest shell's command resolution. Read the Custom Script Extension instance view and execution logs and inspect the command/PATH rather than treating infrastructure provisioning as a script success test.

Question 425

A regulated Azure Gen2 VM must resist unsigned boot drivers and provide measured-boot evidence for integrity assessments. The VM size and OS support the relevant security features. Which Azure compute configuration is appropriate?

  1. Enable Trusted Launch with Secure Boot and vTPM
  2. Enable only Azure VM disk encryption at rest with a customer-managed key
  3. Turn on Azure Bastion and disable guest Secure Boot
  4. Turn on Defender for Cloud recommendations without enabling Secure Boot or vTPM

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Secure Boot checks boot-chain signatures, while vTPM provides protected measurements and supports attestation in supported Trusted Launch VMs. These controls directly address bootkit and integrity concerns.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Disk encryption protects stored bytes but does not verify OS boot component signatures or produce the measured-boot attestation demanded by the scenario.

C:

Bastion secures administrative connectivity but disabling Secure Boot removes one of the protections specifically requested.

D:

Recommendations may flag missing controls but do not replace configuration of the VM boot-integrity mechanisms themselves.

Question 426

A supported Windows Server Azure VM is configured with AutomaticByPlatform guest patching. Compliance asks why optional non-security feature updates are not being installed automatically. What is the most accurate explanation?

  1. Azure patching applies every available driver and optional update by default
  2. Switch to AutomaticByOS and assume its security classifications are identical to platform patching
  3. AutomaticByPlatform targets Critical and Security patches; other classes require an appropriate additional patching process
  4. Increase the patch assessment frequency to include optional classifications

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Azure-orchestrated guest patching intentionally focuses on supported security-critical updates with availability-first rollout. Use Update Manager or a controlled manual process for other classifications.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Automatic platform orchestration focuses on Security and Critical patch classifications. Optional and other updates are not automatically included without a separate strategy.

B:

The Windows OS-managed mode has different orchestration behavior and is not a promise that Azure AutomaticByPlatform installs optional classifications. It does not explain the stated selection.

D:

Assessments report applicable patches but automatic platform installation remains focused on Critical and Security classes. Assessing more frequently does not broaden the install policy.

Question 427

A Linux VM built from a private custom image has AutomaticByPlatform in the resource configuration, but the team sees no automatic guest patch installation. Networking and the guest agent are healthy. Which support limitation should be checked?

  1. Set a longer monthly maintenance window and assume an unsupported custom image becomes eligible
  2. Turn on the guest Windows Update service on the Linux custom image
  3. Install the Azure VM agent only and assume image eligibility no longer matters
  4. The chosen custom image is not on the supported platform image list for automatic guest patching

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Azure automatic guest patching requires eligible published image combinations. A custom image may be ineligible even when the patch mode value is configured, so use a supported image or alternate patch workflow.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Scheduling changes do not make an image combination supported for automatic guest patching. Image eligibility is an independent prerequisite.

B:

The scenario uses a Linux custom image; enabling a Windows component is inapplicable and would not bypass Microsoft’s supported platform-image requirement.

C:

An appropriate guest agent is necessary for patching services, but it cannot make an unsupported custom publisher/offer/SKU combination eligible.

Question 428

An organization uses an Azure Compute Gallery image version to deploy VMs in a secondary region. The image version currently has only the primary region configured for replication. What prerequisite must be considered before relying on secondary-region deployments?

  1. Change the Azure Compute Gallery definition's home region but do not replicate the image version to the desired deployment region
  2. Replicate the gallery image version to the target region and verify replication completion
  3. Point the VM template at a gallery image version that has not finished replicating to the target region
  4. Increase replica count only in the source region and assume the target region now has the image

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Azure Compute Gallery uses target-region replication for image version availability. Deploying into a region with no ready version replica can fail regardless of the template's region parameter.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A gallery definition's region is not a substitute for replicating an image version to the target region. A VM deployment from that image needs supported image-version replication and availability in its destination region.

C:

An image reference alone cannot compensate for missing or incomplete regional image replication needed for deployment in that location.

D:

More copies in the primary do not satisfy placement of an image version replica in the distinct secondary deployment region.

Question 429

An Azure VM Custom Script Extension must authenticate to a private download endpoint using a token. The team wants the token kept out of the extension’s public settings and deployment history. Where should the sensitive value be placed?

  1. Use the extension protectedSettings mechanism for the secret value
  2. Place the token in the extension public settings field named comment
  3. Add the token as a resource tag on the VM
  4. Add the token to the VM display name

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Protected settings provide a dedicated channel for supported extension secrets instead of exposing credentials in the publicly readable extension model. Script and identity design should still avoid logging the secret inside the guest.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Public settings are inspectable management-plane configuration. Renaming the field does not make its value protected.

C:

Tags are broadly visible metadata, not secret storage. Putting a bearer token in tags would create accidental credential disclosure.

D:

A resource name is visible, long-lived metadata and cannot safely hold authentication secrets. It does not implement extension secret handling.

Question 430

A Windows Azure VM is stuck during guest boot. RDP is unavailable and the IP/NSG path cannot show the guest boot console. Boot diagnostics are configured. Which troubleshooting capability can expose low-level console access without relying on guest RDP?

  1. Create a DNS TXT record named console
  2. Use Azure Serial Console where supported and correctly configured
  3. Assign a new public IP and assume Windows boot completes
  4. Use only the VM Boot diagnostics screenshot while omitting Serial Console, expecting the screenshot to provide interactive guest repair commands

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Serial Console can provide out-of-band access through Azure infrastructure for supported VMs, helpful when normal network sign-in is unavailable. It depends on prerequisites such as boot diagnostics and supported guest configuration.

Incorrect Answers

A:

DNS TXT records do not provide an out-of-band VM serial terminal or repair the boot path.

C:

A public address changes packet reachability but cannot repair a guest that fails during startup. It also adds avoidable exposure.

D:

Boot diagnostics is useful for seeing startup output or a screenshot, but it does not provide an interactive shell in which to repair a guest boot problem. Where supported, Azure Serial Console is the appropriate interactive console access mechanism.

Microsoft Azure Administrator (AZ-104) Practice Tests

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