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Cisco 200-301 Practice Test 42

Question 410

After an interface shutdown, users report packets leaving on a different uplink. Which *current routing-table and egress-interface* inspection can prove the active installed path actually changed?

  1. Inspect the saved startup-config without checking current RIB or egress
  2. Inspect current show ip route and outgoing interface
  3. Look only at interface descriptions to infer the active forwarding route
  4. Check the switch MAC table rather than router route/egress state

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

An interface state change can remove connected routes and their dependent forwarding paths.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Startup configuration may not reflect current link state or selected installed routes after a shutdown.

C:

Interface descriptions are administrative text and cannot prove which route or adjacency forwards user packets.

D:

MAC learning may reveal hosts but not how the router’s current destination-prefix decision changed.

Question 411

The configuration defines both an AD 1 static and AD 200 static for the identical prefix, and both next hops resolve. Which general RIB installation principle explains why the backup often does not appear as an active route?

  1. Only the preferred source generally installs in the active RIB
  2. Install both static routes as equal-cost next hops despite different AD values
  3. Discard the lower-AD static because larger AD always wins
  4. Select the backup because its next-hop IP is numerically lower

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Route source selection normally excludes a higher-distance same-prefix candidate.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Only equal-preference eligible candidates can generally be considered for ECMP; AD 1 outranks AD 200 for the same prefix.

C:

Administrative distance is a preference ranking where smaller values are preferred.

D:

The numeric next-hop address is not used to override the explicit AD ranking of identical-prefix candidates.

Question 412

A router forwards a packet to 10.1.2.3. Two **installed** routes match: static `10.1.0.0/16` via A (AD 1) and OSPF `10.1.2.0/28` via B (AD 110). Which route is selected for forwarding, assuming both next hops are resolved?

  1. Use the static /16 via A because its administrative distance is lower
  2. Use the OSPF /28 via B because its matching destination prefix is longer
  3. Use both as equal-cost paths regardless of their unequal prefix lengths
  4. Drop the packet because the sources have different administrative distances

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

10.1.2.3 falls within 10.1.2.0/28 and 10.1.0.0/16; the /28 is the longest matching installed prefix and forwards via B.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Administrative distance chooses candidate sources for the same prefix; it does not override a longer distinct-prefix match in the installed FIB.

C:

ECMP applies to eligible equal-cost paths for the same destination route, not these unequal-prefix matches.

D:

Different routes and distances are routine; forwarding succeeds when a matching installed route and resolved next hop exist.

Question 413

A Cisco router has two equal-cost IPv4 routes and CEF per-destination load balancing. One long-lived transfer from host A to host B saturates one link while the other is lightly used. No links are down. What most directly explains this observation?

  1. The router must be using a floating static route rather than equal-cost routing
  2. The router selects a path for a source/destination flow using a hash; one flow can remain on one ECMP path
  3. CEF automatically sends every successive packet on alternate equal-cost links by default
  4. The router applies administrative distance to each TCP segment after the route has been installed

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Cisco CEF normally uses a hash of source/destination attributes to select an installed path consistently for a traffic flow, avoiding reordering but not guaranteeing 50/50 bytes for a single flow.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A floating static route is a standby source with a higher distance; it is not needed to explain unequal traffic rates across two installed equal-cost next hops.

C:

Default per-destination CEF load sharing is not per-packet round robin. Per-packet sharing can create reordering and requires platform/mode-specific support.

D:

Administrative distance participates in source selection for an identical prefix, not in selecting a separate next hop for each TCP packet.

Question 414

On a Cisco IOS XE router, a route is present in the routing information base, but an operator needs to verify the matching destination prefix, programmed next hop, and outgoing interface in the Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) forwarding table rather than inspect route-protocol candidates. Which read-only operational command is best?

  1. `show ip protocols` to list routing protocol configuration but not the CEF forwarding entries
  2. `show ip arp` to see link-layer neighbor mappings but not the destination-prefix FIB
  3. `show interfaces trunk` to inspect 802.1Q VLAN forwarding rather than routed destinations
  4. `show ip cef` to inspect the forwarding information base, next-hop and egress interface

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Cisco documents `show ip cef` to display Forwarding Information Base entries with prefix, next hop and output interface. It is the appropriate next inspection when RIB presence alone does not confirm the CEF forwarding entry.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This command summarizes dynamic routing sources and protocol settings, not the programmed per-prefix CEF forwarding entries the question requests.

B:

ARP resolves addresses for local-link next hops but does not enumerate installed CEF destination prefixes and selected egress interfaces.

C:

802.1Q trunk output reports VLAN behavior at Layer 2, unrelated to a router's IPv4 FIB programming.

Question 415

A static route sends packets to adjacent gateway 192.0.2.2 rather than directly to the packet's eventual remote destination IP. What is the role of that adjacent IP in hop-by-hop forwarding?

  1. Next-hop forwarding sends toward an adjacent router
  2. Treat 192.0.2.2 as the destination IPv4 address inside the original packet
  3. Treat 192.0.2.2 as an OSPF router ID that is never used for forwarding
  4. Treat 192.0.2.2 as a subnet mask that defines the route prefix

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Each hop routes toward the destination independently rather than jumping directly there.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The final IP destination remains the remote host; 192.0.2.2 is the intermediate adjacent router used for L2 forwarding.

C:

The next-hop address in the route is an actual forwarding adjacency, not merely a process identifier.

D:

A dotted next-hop IP is not the destination mask and does not indicate subnet boundary length.

Question 416

A packet matches multiple installed destination prefixes with lengths /8, /24 and /28. What comparison rule chooses the forwarding route among those matches?

  1. Use longest-prefix lookup
  2. Select /8 because it encompasses the greatest address range
  3. Select /24 because it is the midpoint of /8 and /28
  4. Choose an arbitrary route based on lower link-layer destination MAC

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The route with the greatest matching prefix length is chosen for forwarding.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The widest match is least specific; /28 covers the fewest addresses and wins if all three match the destination.

C:

Prefix selection does not average the matching lengths; it chooses the maximum prefix length.

D:

MAC addresses are resolved only after IP best-match selection, not used to choose among route prefixes.

Question 417

OSPF and static route sources offer one *identical prefix* before packets arrive. Which RIB-selection process compares their trust/preference rather than doing a destination lookup?

  1. Compare the prefixes by destination length although they are explicitly identical
  2. Evaluate administrative distance before RIB installation
  3. Prefer the source with a higher administrative distance to maintain redundancy
  4. Choose the source advertising the numerically smallest next-hop IP

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The lower-distance source is generally preferred for an identical destination prefix.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Longest-prefix matching cannot distinguish equal prefix lengths; route-source preference is evaluated at RIB selection.

C:

Lower AD wins for eligible same-prefix sources; higher AD is ordinarily a standby candidate.

D:

Next-hop magnitude is not the AD source preference criterion for an identical prefix.

Question 418

An OSPF process has two valid equal-prefix, equal-type paths, but path costs differ. Which OSPF field ranks their candidates before the router installs a forwarding entry?

  1. Use administrative distance to rank two equal-type paths learned by the same OSPF process
  2. Evaluate OSPF cost
  3. Choose the higher accumulated OSPF cost because higher means more reliable
  4. Use the numeric router ID of the next hop instead of path cost

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Within OSPF the route metric ranks available paths.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Both paths share route-source AD; OSPF computes cost within that source to select preferred paths.

C:

For eligible equal-type OSPF paths, lower total cost is preferred over higher cost.

D:

Router ID serves protocol identification and does not replace OSPF’s accumulated interface cost as metric.

Question 419

A router forwards to IPv4 next hop 192.0.2.2 on an Ethernet segment and must discover its unicast destination MAC. Which adjacency mechanism is appropriate for IPv4 Ethernet?

  1. Use IPv6 Neighbor Discovery to find 192.0.2.2 in the IPv6 neighbor cache
  2. Use IPv4 ARP adjacency resolution
  3. Send a DNS A-record query for the next-hop IP before Ethernet forwarding
  4. Use the selected static route’s administrative distance as an Ethernet destination MAC

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The outgoing Ethernet header needs the local next-hop destination MAC.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is a pure IPv4 next-hop address, which uses ARP on Ethernet rather than IPv6 ND.

C:

DNS resolves names to IP addresses, not on-link IPv4 addresses to destination MACs.

D:

Route preference values have no format or role as L2 MAC addresses; ARP performs the mapping.

Question 420

A received IPv4 packet's destination matches no installed route, and no usable default route is configured. Which action is correct instead of forwarding through an arbitrary interface?

  1. Drop it rather than guess an outbound link
  2. Flood the IP packet to all LAN ports as if it were an Ethernet broadcast
  3. Send to the gateway of last resort even though none is configured
  4. Invent a host /32 route from the packet destination alone

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Without a route or default the device cannot determine a valid forward next hop.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A router does not flood unmatched routed IP packets through random broadcast domains.

C:

A default route is absent, so no fallback next hop exists for this destination.

D:

A packet does not authorize adding an unstated route or next hop to the forwarding table.

Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) (200-301) Practice Tests

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