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Question 420
A received IPv4 packet's destination matches no installed route, and no usable default route is configured. Which action is correct instead of forwarding through an arbitrary interface?
- Drop it rather than guess an outbound link
- Flood the IP packet to all LAN ports as if it were an Ethernet broadcast
- Send to the gateway of last resort even though none is configured
- Invent a host /32 route from the packet destination alone
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Without a route or default the device cannot determine a valid forward next hop.
Incorrect Answers
B:A router does not flood unmatched routed IP packets through random broadcast domains.
C:A default route is absent, so no fallback next hop exists for this destination.
D:A packet does not authorize adding an unstated route or next hop to the forwarding table.
Question 421
An IOS router has a directly reachable ISP next hop 192.0.2.1. The engineer needs an IPv4 fallback for *destinations with no more-specific route*, leaving internal routing untouched. Which static command creates the 0/0 default?
- Enter ip route 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.2.1
- ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.0.2.1
- Enter ip route 192.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 0.0.0.0
- Enter ipv6 route ::/0 192.0.2.1
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:A default IPv4 static route 0.0.0.0/0 provides a last-resort next hop when the destination matches no more-specific installed prefix. Its usable next hop must still resolve through the router’s forwarding information.
Incorrect Answers
A:A /24 mask covers only one subnet and is not the required /0 catch-all IPv4 route.
C:This addresses the directly connected provider subnet rather than creating a fallback for all other destination prefixes.
D:That is the IPv6 route command and its next hop cannot be supplied as an IPv4 address in this context.
Question 422
An IOS router already has a provider default route. Security policy requires a more-specific route for only host 203.0.113.19 through next hop 192.0.2.1 without altering the route chosen for other 203.0.113.0/24 hosts. Which static command meets the exact-match requirement?
- ip route 203.0.113.19 255.255.255.255 192.0.2.1
- ip route 203.0.113.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.2.1
- ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.0.2.1
- ip route 203.0.113.0 255.255.255.128 192.0.2.1
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:A /32 mask selects just 203.0.113.19 and is more specific than the existing default route, without redirecting neighboring hosts.
Incorrect Answers
B:A /24 selects all 256 addresses in 203.0.113.0/24, so it changes forwarding for destinations beyond the single requested host.
C:A default route covers all IPv4 destinations lacking a more-specific route, far broader than the one-host policy.
D:A /25 selects the entire lower half of the /24 including .19, so it redirects many hosts that were not specified.
Question 423
A router must install an IPv4 static route for exactly the 198.51.100.0/24 prefix through reachable gateway 192.0.2.1. Neighboring 198.51.101.0/24 and other prefixes must not be covered by this new route. Which command meets the requirement?
- ip route 198.51.100.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.2.1
- ip route 198.51.100.0 255.255.254.0 192.0.2.1
- ip route 198.51.100.0 255.255.255.128 192.0.2.1
- ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.0.2.1
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The 255.255.255.0 subnet mask is /24 and identifies only 198.51.100.0 through 198.51.100.255.
Incorrect Answers
B:A /23 mask combines 198.51.100.0/24 with 198.51.101.0/24, violating the no-neighboring-subnet constraint.
C:A /25 mask covers only 198.51.100.0 through .127, missing half of the stated /24.
D:A default route applies to otherwise unmatched IPv4 destinations throughout the address space, not only this /24.
Question 424
An IOS router uses a point-to-point serial link Serial0/0/0 with PPP encapsulation and no ARP. The engineer wants a static route for 203.0.113.64/26 over this point-to-point link without naming an IP next hop. Which command is appropriate?
- ip route 203.0.113.64 255.255.255.192 Serial0/0/0
- ip route 203.0.113.64 255.255.255.0 Serial0/0/0
- ip route 203.0.113.64 255.255.255.192 GigabitEthernet0/0
- ip route 203.0.113.64 255.255.255.192 Null0
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:A point-to-point serial interface uniquely identifies the other endpoint and Cisco permits an interface-only static route over that link.
Incorrect Answers
B:A /24 route covers far more than 203.0.113.64/26 and also specifies a non-aligned /24 address.
C:A multiaccess Ethernet interface-only static route is not the specified serial link and may trigger per-destination ARP behavior.
D:Null0 deliberately discards matching traffic instead of forwarding it toward the peer on the PPP serial link.
Question 425
An IOS device must retain a standby route for network 192.0.2.128/25 through next hop 192.0.2.1, which should lose to the primary route with AD 110 while it is up. Which static command assigns AD 200?
- Use ip route 192.0.2.128 255.255.255.128 192.0.2.1 without the distance
- Use ip route 192.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.2.1 200
- ip route 192.0.2.128 255.255.255.128 192.0.2.1 200
- Use ip route 192.0.2.128 255.255.255.128 192.0.2.1 90
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:A floating static route uses a higher administrative distance than the preferred path for the identical prefix. It remains a backup candidate and is installed when the preferred source is withdrawn and its own next hop is resolvable.
Incorrect Answers
A:The default static AD 1 would outrank OSPF 110 and would not remain floating as required.
B:This changes the destination to a wider /24 rather than the specified 192.0.2.128/25.
D:An AD 90 static would be preferred over OSPF AD 110, defeating the standby requirement.
Question 426
An IOS router has `ip route 10.55.0.0 255.255.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0` toward a shared Ethernet provider LAN. For each previously unseen remote destination, the router attempts ARP on that interface. What is the best static-route repair if the actual on-link gateway is 10.9.0.1?
- Use a route with both GigabitEthernet0/0 and next-hop 10.9.0.1
- Raise the static route administrative distance from 1 to 254
- Disable ARP on GigabitEthernet0/0 while retaining the interface-only route
- Replace the subnet mask with a /8 and keep the interface-only route
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:A fully specified IPv4 static route names the Ethernet egress and directly reachable gateway, so neighbor resolution targets 10.9.0.1 instead of every remote host.
Incorrect Answers
B:Raising administrative distance changes route selection preference, but not the per-destination ARP semantics of an interface-only Ethernet route.
C:Removing ARP would obstruct IPv4 link-layer next-hop resolution and would not turn an interface-only Ethernet route into a next-hop route.
D:Broadening the destination prefix changes the affected destinations and retains the same undesirable Ethernet per-destination ARP behavior.
Question 427
An IPv4 static route via 10.9.0.1 remains installed while its local Ethernet interface stays up, but the upstream provider path beyond that gateway fails. The requirement is automatic withdrawal after an end-to-end probe fails. Which design addresses the problem?
- Associate the static route with an IP SLA-backed tracking object whose state controls its installation
- Only raise the route administrative distance to 200 and leave it permanently installed
- Increase the interface MTU until the remote address becomes reachable
- Disable Cisco Express Forwarding on the WAN interface
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:An active probe and an associated track object can detect failure beyond an up Ethernet link and withdraw the dependent static route when reachability fails.
Incorrect Answers
B:Higher AD changes preference only; with no alternative route or tracked state change, the configured static route can remain installed despite an upstream failure.
C:Changing the interface MTU does not reveal or correct a remote provider reachability failure or make route installation conditional.
D:CEF controls forwarding implementation but does not provide an end-to-end path monitor or tracked route withdrawal.
Question 428
R1 uses an IP SLA reachability probe with track object 10 already configured. The primary static route to 10.55.10.64/27 must remain a candidate only while track 10 reports Up. Which command links this route to that existing track object?
- ip route 10.55.10.64 255.255.255.224 10.9.0.1 track 10
- ip route 10.55.10.64 255.255.255.224 10.9.0.1 10
- ip route 10.55.10.64 255.255.255.224 Null0
- track 10 ip route 10.55.10.64 255.255.255.224
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The `track 10` suffix attaches the already defined tracking object to route installation; the route withdraws when the object is Down.
Incorrect Answers
B:A trailing numeric argument without the track keyword sets administrative distance, not an IP SLA object dependency.
C:A Null0 route discards matching packets; it does not condition the specified gateway route on reachability of track 10.
D:Declaring a route tracking object does not by itself bind an IPv4 static-route line to the specified track state.
Question 429
A router has the default IPv4 static route `ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0` on an Ethernet WAN and starts ARPing separately for unrelated Internet destinations. The ISP next-hop address is 192.0.2.1. Which change directly avoids that ARP pattern?
- Replace it with `ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0 192.0.2.1`
- Replace it with `ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0 200`
- Add `ip route 192.0.2.1 255.255.255.255 Null0`
- Configure a larger NAT translation timeout while leaving the route intact
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Naming the directly connected ISP next hop prevents the interface-only default from treating each remote destination as locally adjacent for ARP.
Incorrect Answers
B:The added 200 changes route administrative distance, not the absence of a gateway IP for Ethernet ARP resolution.
C:A Null0 host route to the actual next hop would discard that traffic and could break reachability rather than solve next-hop resolution.
D:Translation timeouts affect NAT state, not the routing recursion and ARP semantics of the configured interface-only default.
Question 430
A remote /24, 10.55.11.0/24, must have a highly secondary IPv4 path through 10.9.0.1 with AD 250. Which explicit IOS route syntax preserves the precise /24 scope and distance?
- Use ip route 10.55.11.0 255.255.0.0 10.9.0.1 250
- Use ip route 10.55.11.0 255.255.255.0 10.9.0.1 1
- Use ip route 10.55.11.0 255.255.255.0 10.9.0.1 255
- ip route 10.55.11.0 255.255.255.0 10.9.0.1 250
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The explicit 250 distance makes the alternate route less preferred than ordinary dynamic paths.
Incorrect Answers
A:A /16 is broader than the required remote /24 and may attract other unrelated destinations.
B:AD 1 would create a preferred static, not a deliberately high-distance secondary path.
C:AD 255 is not used as an eligible installed route; 250 provides a valid floating candidate.
Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) (200-301) Practice Tests