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Cisco 300-420 Practice Test 49

Question 480

A campus wants deterministic STP roots but all switches retain default bridge priorities. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. A stray default can override security inspection or create blackholes.
  2. A configured backup switch cannot take over traffic directed at a failed physical gateway address.
  3. Accidental root election at an access switch can force suboptimal or unstable Layer 2 forwarding.
  4. Uncontrolled branch defaults can redirect enterprise traffic to an untrusted lab.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The supported design response is to place primary and secondary STP root roles at the appropriate distribution devices for the planned VLAN sets.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A branch router redistributes a static default to the campus IGP without approval, causing arbitrary sites to shift egress. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

B:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A building has two independent distribution switches but hosts use the physical IP of one switch as their default gateway. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A regional core accepts all branch routes and one lab site leaks its test 0.0.0.0/0 default into the global table. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 481

An edge router receives a full BGP table where the security policy allows only the provider's approved default. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Weight affects only the local router and can leave other iBGP speakers choosing different exits.
  2. Unbounded import can consume resources and expose unexpected paths.
  3. Overlapping site prefixes can cause ambiguous reachability and route leaks between branches.
  4. Poor reflector placement or single-reflector dependency can hide routes and amplify outages.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The supported design response is to filter inbound BGP announcements using an explicit default-only prefix policy and appropriate session safeguards.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A BGP operator attempts to influence routes within one AS by changing the weight attribute only on one edge router. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A retailer adds 70 branches and reused 10.20.0.0/16 at several sites; the MPLS provider cannot distinguish the overlapping prefixes in the enterprise routing table. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A network with 80 iBGP routers becomes difficult to operate because every router forms a full mesh of peer sessions. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 482

A new multicast source uses group 232.1.1.1 but the client sends only (*,G) membership instead of a source-specific join. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. IGMP membership alone is insufficient for multicast delivery across routed hops.
  2. Stale multicast control state can prolong an outage after unicast reachability returns.
  3. A group-only join is insufficient for typical SSM delivery.
  4. Blind group reuse can collide with other services and expose traffic unintentionally.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The supported design response is to align SSM membership to include the desired (S,G) source/group relationship.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A source sends multicast through one router but users join from another site and no multicast routing is configured between them. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

B:

That hazard arises in a separate case: The RPF interface changes after a unicast route failover, but the multicast router retains stale upstream join state. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: An enterprise wants to expose a multicast stream to one receiver group but the original source uses a group address conflicting with a remote application. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 483

A global WAN telemetry system publishes a complete 10,000-interface snapshot every 100 ms although the target is only five-minute capacity planning. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Slow periodic polling can miss short-lived congestion incidents.
  2. Oversampling can consume bandwidth and CPU without improving the use case.
  3. Slow polling can delay detection of a short outage or configuration change.
  4. Assuming all leaves support event publication can create silent observability gaps.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The supported design response is to increase the periodic interval and narrow the subscribed paths to the needed capacity metrics.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: An NOC polls every router with SNMP once every ten minutes and misses 30-second interface utilization spikes. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: An alerting system needs immediate notice of interface administrative status changes but only polls every five minutes. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A routing telemetry client assumes every operational counter supports on-change updates and receives no updates on one platform. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 484

HSRP gateways remain reachable locally after their active router loses the only routed upstream uplink. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. FHRP ownership without upstream awareness can blackhole traffic through the active router.
  2. Graceful restart only works when the adjacent topology and features support the required helper behavior.
  3. Arbitrary VLAN load splitting can overload the surviving device and create asymmetry.
  4. Split-master operation can cause duplicate gateway replies and intermittent forwarding.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The supported design response is to add supported object or route tracking so upstream reachability can influence HSRP active gateway selection.

Incorrect Answers

B:

That hazard arises in a separate case: An NSF-capable router pair loses a control-plane process briefly and the design assumes all neighboring routers will preserve forwarding. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A campus with several hundred VLANs uses one active HSRP gateway for all VLANs while another distribution router remains mostly idle. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: Two campus VRRP gateways both claim master after their shared advertisement path is partitioned, and clients receive inconsistent ARP responses. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 485

A network wants a hub-and-spoke topology for finance traffic but allows any-to-any policy for all service VPNs. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Assuming GRE tunnels inherently encrypt traffic can expose sensitive payloads.
  2. Unrestricted any-to-any reachability can violate inspection and data-flow requirements.
  3. Incorrect shortcut or route summarization design can force persistent hairpin traffic.
  4. A bandwidth-reduced failover can starve latency-sensitive applications.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The supported design response is to apply topology or centralized control policy at the appropriate site/VPN scope.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A lab requires a routed overlay carrying multicast between sites but encryption is not part of the GRE service itself. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: Two DMVPN spokes can reach the hub but never build a direct shortcut after new spoke routes are learned. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A branch has broadband backup with no QoS controls and a voice service drops under failover saturation. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 486

A hospital campus uses policy-based routing shortcuts for every building but ordinary routing still lacks resilient interbuilding reachability. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. All-trusted DHCP snooping provides no protection against rogue lease servers.
  2. Redundancy claims may not match actual hardware or software failover behavior.
  3. Wide PBR use can hide routing failures and create asymmetric paths.
  4. A configured backup switch cannot take over traffic directed at a failed physical gateway address.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The supported design response is to build a coherent Layer 3 topology first, then use narrow policy routing only for genuine exceptions.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A routed campus uses DHCP snooping on access switches but marks every endpoint port trusted for convenience. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

B:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A remote campus uses two distribution switches and requires nonstop gateway access during a planned supervisor replacement. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A building has two independent distribution switches but hosts use the physical IP of one switch as their default gateway. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 487

A campus OSPF area 0 is split into disconnected islands connected only by another area; route distribution is unstable. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Bidirectional uncontrolled redistribution can feed prefixes back and create loops.
  2. A flat oversized OSPF domain creates unnecessary SPF recalculation and troubleshooting complexity.
  3. A partitioned backbone prevents predictable interarea LSA propagation.
  4. Uncoordinated redistribution can create feedback loops and unpredictable path choice.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The supported design response is to restore contiguous area-0 connectivity with a supported physical or carefully justified virtual-link design.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: IS-IS adjacencies form between distribution switches, but all internal prefixes are redistributed from OSPF without loop prevention. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

B:

That hazard arises in a separate case: An OSPF deployment puts all 600 remote access switches into area 0 and floods changes to every site. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: An OSPF redistribution boundary introduces the same connected subnet from two ASBRs, resulting in inconsistent egress selection. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 488

A 1-Gbps campus uplink feeds a 100-Mbps WAN access circuit and packets drop in unpredictable bursts at the provider policer. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Policing and shaping are not interchangeable; excess policing traffic is typically discarded or remarked.
  2. QoS on one hop cannot undo queueing loss caused at a later bottleneck.
  3. Sending at LAN speed into a slower provider service causes avoidable tail drops.
  4. Oversubscribing management access can make fault recovery slower than the original outage.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The supported design response is to apply appropriate egress shaping near the WAN handoff to control offered rate and bursts within the contract.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A design asks to smooth backup traffic to a slow WAN circuit but deploys a policer that simply drops excess packets. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

B:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A campus designs priority queues only on the access switch but ignores a congested upstream WAN edge. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A provider's remote OOB management path is only 2 Mbps, while the network team sends continuous uncompressed telemetry streams at 5 Mbps. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 489

A manufacturing WAN requires multicast distribution but the SD-WAN overlay has only validated unicast OMP reachability. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Assuming GRE tunnels inherently encrypt traffic can expose sensitive payloads.
  2. Hub-and-spoke encryption can force avoidable tromboning and reduce availability.
  3. Treating the L2 circuit as automatic routing leaves customer networks disconnected.
  4. Unicast tunnel liveness does not prove multicast overlay distribution.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The supported design response is to select supported multicast design and replication behavior for the deployed SD-WAN platform and service VPN.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A lab requires a routed overlay carrying multicast between sites but encryption is not part of the GRE service itself. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

B:

That hazard arises in a separate case: An organization needs any-to-any group-encrypted private WAN traffic but the new design proposes a traditional hub-and-spoke IPsec overlay with hub hairpins. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A financial organization leases a transparent point-to-point Ethernet service but requires independent routing at each site. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 490

In a planned SD-Access fabric, border nodes can reach edge loopbacks but endpoints fail because the team placed user subnets into the underlay instead of overlay VRFs. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Flattening multiple VNs into one handoff can allow unauthorized cross-tenant access.
  2. Mixing endpoint prefixes into underlay undermines fabric mobility and segmentation design.
  3. Confusing LISP control messages with user traffic hides broken data-plane paths.
  4. Insufficient underlay MTU breaks overlay traffic even when basic pings work.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The supported design response is to keep underlay IP reachability independent of endpoint addressing and establish the intended overlay virtual networks.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A campus has a fabric border but its external firewall cannot distinguish multiple endpoint VNs leaving the fabric. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: An SD-Access architect assumes the fabric's LISP control plane transports all user packets like a data-plane tunnel. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: Fabric edge nodes encapsulate packets, but the underlay path MTU is too small for added VXLAN overhead. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Designing Cisco Enterprise Networks (ENSLD) (300-420) Practice Tests

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