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Cisco 300-420 Practice Test 51

Question 500

An iBGP route reflector sees several candidate routes to the same destination but advertises only its best path to clients. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Allowing a nontransit branch to act as a query/transit path increases instability and query scope.
  2. A single best-path advertisement can conceal viable alternatives during failures.
  3. A stale covering route can blackhole traffic and obscure the decommissioned subnet's true ownership.
  4. Unbounded EIGRP queries across slow or unstable WAN paths can delay convergence and trigger SIA events.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The supported design response is to evaluate whether additional-paths or path diversity is required and supported by the topology and platforms.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A branch EIGRP router advertises remote routes back into its hub and occasionally becomes a transit path between hubs. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A campus advertises a /18 summary into the WAN but has no route for one constituent /24 after a building is decommissioned. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: An EIGRP core has routes stuck active after one WAN path fails and queries spread into many remote sites. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 501

A global business wants to connect its datacenter and branches on two different MPLS L3VPN providers with no accidental route leak between customers. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Nominally separate providers can share a single physical failure domain.
  2. Misapplied route targets or broad redistribution can leak routes across tenants.
  3. Relying on one group key server can block onboarding or later rekeys.
  4. Unrestricted any-to-any reachability can violate inspection and data-flow requirements.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The supported design response is to design controlled interprovider VRF routing and CE route policy with explicit security and resiliency boundaries.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A bank contracts two MPLS providers but both fiber tails enter the building through the same conduit. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: GET VPN group members can route between branches but new devices cannot obtain group security policy after a key-server loss. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A network wants a hub-and-spoke topology for finance traffic but allows any-to-any policy for all service VPNs. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 502

Two tenants use 10.0.0.0/8 addressing and share the same campus core but require separate routing and firewall policies. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Uncontrolled branch defaults can redirect enterprise traffic to an untrusted lab.
  2. Shared power dependencies nullify assumed device redundancy.
  3. Mixing tenant prefixes in the global table creates ambiguity and security leaks.
  4. Link redundancy cannot compensate for a single service attachment device.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The supported design response is to use VRF-based routing separation with explicitly controlled route leaking for shared services.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A regional core accepts all branch routes and one lab site leaks its test 0.0.0.0/0 default into the global table. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

B:

That hazard arises in a separate case: Two campus distribution routers each have a single power feed from the same rack PDU, yet the architecture counts them as separate fault domains. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A campus topology places critical services behind one regional core switch despite redundant uplinks elsewhere. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 503

A script writes `ietf-interfaces` fields to a platform supporting only a different module revision and receives an unknown-element error. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Assuming all leaves support event publication can create silent observability gaps.
  2. Copying assumed model nodes without capability discovery can cause transaction failure.
  3. Incorrect model classification can produce malformed payloads or unsupported paths.
  4. A transport connection alone does not prove compatible telemetry encoding.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The supported design response is to negotiate supported YANG model names/revisions and update payload paths accordingly.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A routing telemetry client assumes every operational counter supports on-change updates and receives no updates on one platform. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A standards group needs an interoperable interface model but mistakenly calls every IETF YANG module an OpenConfig model. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A telemetry receiver supports gRPC but cannot decode the device's gNMI JSON_IETF path data and classifies every update as malformed. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 504

A campus advertises a /18 summary into the WAN but has no route for one constituent /24 after a building is decommissioned. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Allowing a nontransit branch to act as a query/transit path increases instability and query scope.
  2. A stale covering route can blackhole traffic and obscure the decommissioned subnet's true ownership.
  3. Uncontrolled default redistribution can reroute traffic through a low-capacity branch.
  4. A single overly permissive export can leak internal routing information outside the enterprise.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The supported design response is to remove or constrain the summary when it attracts traffic to networks not reachable through the campus boundary.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A branch EIGRP router advertises remote routes back into its hub and occasionally becomes a transit path between hubs. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A branch engineer redistributes a static default route into EIGRP and advertises it to every site, overriding the intended hub defaults. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A partner BGP session accidentally advertises a sensitive 10.0.0.0/8 internal route to an external ASN. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 505

A low-bandwidth remote management VPN carries huge nightly backup transfers that prevent emergency SSH access. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Oversubscribing management access can make fault recovery slower than the original outage.
  2. A primary-link shaper on a much smaller backup can trigger major provider drops.
  3. A flat shared management network allows lateral movement and overbroad privilege.
  4. Undifferentiated traffic can starve management and prolong outages.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The supported design response is to give critical management/control traffic an appropriate protected class and regulate bulk backup load.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A provider's remote OOB management path is only 2 Mbps, while the network team sends continuous uncompressed telemetry streams at 5 Mbps. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

B:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A 20-Mbps backup link replaces a 200-Mbps primary WAN but the shaper keeps its 200-Mbps limit after failover. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: Two business units share one management VLAN with unrestricted access to each other's routers. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 506

Branches summarize their local EIGRP networks at a hub-facing boundary, but a detached subnet is included in the summary. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Misaligned routing domains keep adjacent sites disconnected even when physical links work.
  2. Logical redundancy on the same physical uplink does not remove the single point of failure.
  3. An inaccurate summary can attract traffic to an unreachable branch subnet.
  4. Uncoordinated redistribution can create feedback loops and unpredictable path choice.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The supported design response is to refine the summary to reflect reachable networks and provide appropriate handling for withdrawn components.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A regional site uses EIGRP neighbors with mismatched autonomous system numbers despite matching IP subnet and authentication. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

B:

That hazard arises in a separate case: An EIGRP deployment relies on a single aggregation router and an outage cuts off all downstream branches. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: An OSPF redistribution boundary introduces the same connected subnet from two ASBRs, resulting in inconsistent egress selection. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 507

An SD-Access architect assumes the fabric's LISP control plane transports all user packets like a data-plane tunnel. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Mixing endpoint prefixes into underlay undermines fabric mobility and segmentation design.
  2. Graceful restart only works when the adjacent topology and features support the required helper behavior.
  3. A single control-plane mapping node can delay or prevent endpoint reachability during outages.
  4. Confusing LISP control messages with user traffic hides broken data-plane paths.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The supported design response is to distinguish endpoint mapping/control distribution from VXLAN-encapsulated user-data forwarding.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: In a planned SD-Access fabric, border nodes can reach edge loopbacks but endpoints fail because the team placed user subnets into the underlay instead of overlay VRFs. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

B:

That hazard arises in a separate case: An NSF-capable router pair loses a control-plane process briefly and the design assumes all neighboring routers will preserve forwarding. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A fabric control-plane node becomes unavailable and endpoint mobility updates stop at one campus site. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 508

An enterprise's primary WAN circuit fails but BGP route withdrawal is delayed while the underlay interface remains up. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Carrier-grade NAT can break designs that rely on arbitrary inbound connections.
  2. Interface-up status alone does not prove the remote provider path is usable.
  3. Backup connectivity not tested end to end can be unusable when needed.
  4. Controller redundancy cannot replace failed local edge hardware or access transport.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The supported design response is to use supported failure detection/track or BFD mechanisms with explicit failover policy and reasonable timers.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: An industrial site uses 4G LTE as primary WAN, and its routing team assumes public inbound addresses remain reachable through carrier-grade NAT. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: Backup 5G is installed at a factory but its data plan and APN firewall rules block VPN establishment after primary fiber failure. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A new SD-WAN site has a single edge appliance and single underlay yet is approved as redundant because controllers run in different data centers. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 509

A campus has out-of-band console servers but all consoles depend on the production AAA server reachable only over the failed production network. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. Depending exclusively on the failed WAN for troubleshooting hides root-cause evidence.
  2. OOB cabling alone cannot provide recovery if authentication still relies entirely on failed production.
  3. Ignoring RPF can permit multicast loops or duplicate unwanted traffic.
  4. In-band-only management is unavailable when the network it depends on fails.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The supported design response is to design OOB authentication and recovery with an approved bounded fallback independent of production paths.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: Network management of a branch uses a VPN over its sole primary WAN, and the organization reports no way to diagnose a provider outage. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A multicast source is reachable through an interface other than the one receiving the packet, but the router still forwards it to all receivers. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A core router's production data plane fails, leaving SSH reachable only through the same failed core path. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Question 510

An access switch's BPDU Guard disables a legitimate downstream bridge, and the network team proposes disabling Guard on every port. Which specific risk makes the uncorrected design unacceptable?

  1. WoL fails if the NIC has no standby power or the magic packet cannot reach the sleeping endpoint.
  2. Blanket removal of protection opens the entire access tier to rogue STP peers.
  3. A missing or overbroad MAC limit creates unauthorized layer-2 expansion.
  4. Oversubscribed PoE can shut off critical phones or cameras during high load.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The supported design response is to reclassify the specific supported bridge-facing port and retain edge protection elsewhere.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A switch must remotely wake office PCs overnight, but the access port powers down and the design assumes Wake-on-LAN works regardless of power state. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

C:

That hazard arises in a separate case: A guest workstation port can learn hundreds of source MAC addresses because an unmanaged mini-switch is connected behind it. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

D:

That hazard arises in a separate case: IP phones and cameras are scheduled for a new closet, but PoE budget is calculated only from the switch's total port count. It is not the failure mode evidenced here.

Designing Cisco Enterprise Networks (ENSLD) (300-420) Practice Tests

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