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Isaca CISM Practice Test 19

Question 180

A company has accepted high cloud configuration risk without a deadline or accountable owner. Which recurring management review most directly addresses future drift?

  1. Escalate expiring or breached acceptances before they become permanent exceptions
  2. Escalate expired or orphaned exceptions and reassess their business consequences
  3. Escalate overdue vendor milestones and unexpected exposure changes
  4. Escalate missed patch milestones and reassess emerging exploitation evidence

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Accepted risk requires continuing oversight.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Controls need owner accountability through their lifecycle. It may help maintain separating control waivers from approved risk decisions, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns making risk acceptance a managed decision.

C:

Reliance on promises needs continued oversight. It may help maintain requiring treatment verification before risk closure, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns making risk acceptance a managed decision.

D:

Temporary plans need firm review triggers. It may help maintain handling temporary risk within operational constraints, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns making risk acceptance a managed decision.

Question 181

A security team wants to treat every low-likelihood risk regardless of cost, disrupting business delivery. Which decision should the information security manager prioritize?

  1. Select treatment using risk appetite, cost-benefit, and business impact rather than demanding zero risk
  2. Rate current residual risk using implemented and operating controls, not planned purchases
  3. Assess threat pathways and business impact before selecting the control portfolio
  4. Require an authorized, time-bounded risk acceptance within approved appetite

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Treatment should be proportionate to expected reduction and enterprise tolerance.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A future capability cannot yet reduce present exposure. However, it does not make the decision needed for applying a cost-aware risk treatment process in this scenario.

C:

A collection of popular controls may miss the largest risks. However, it does not make the decision needed for applying a cost-aware risk treatment process in this scenario.

D:

An indefinite informal acceptance is not effective risk governance. However, it does not make the decision needed for applying a cost-aware risk treatment process in this scenario.

Question 182

A security team wants to treat every low-likelihood risk regardless of cost, disrupting business delivery. During implementation, which action most directly executes the necessary response?

  1. Present avoid, mitigate, transfer, and accept options with residual risk and decision authority
  2. Map each candidate control to specific scenarios, residual impact, and implementation dependencies
  3. Record the accepting owner, residual exposure, controls, expiry date, and review trigger
  4. Define delegated decision limits and escalation criteria for regional risk owners

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

A structured choice supports accountable tradeoffs.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Traceability prevents arbitrary purchases. That could support selecting risk treatments from business scenarios, but it does not implement the requested applying a cost-aware risk treatment process.

C:

Conditions make the decision enforceable and reviewable. That could support making risk acceptance a managed decision, but it does not implement the requested applying a cost-aware risk treatment process.

D:

Local autonomy needs explicit authority limits. That could support ensuring subsidiary tolerances remain within enterprise appetite, but it does not implement the requested applying a cost-aware risk treatment process.

Question 183

A security team wants to treat every low-likelihood risk regardless of cost, disrupting business delivery. What would provide the strongest practical verification of this requirement?

  1. Compare treatment rankings under optimistic and pessimistic assumptions
  2. Confirm owners approve the selected treatment on the basis of risk and costs
  3. Verify a sample control operates as intended before recognizing its treatment benefit
  4. Choose a risk and confirm the owner can articulate consequences and intended response

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Approval requires more than a control recommendation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Sensitivity indicates whether the decision is robust. This provides evidence for using quantitative risk estimates responsibly, not proof of applying a cost-aware risk treatment process.

C:

Operating evidence establishes whether risk was reduced. This provides evidence for distinguishing planned controls from effective controls, not proof of applying a cost-aware risk treatment process.

D:

Business understanding validates the risk record. This provides evidence for linking risk findings to business impact, not proof of applying a cost-aware risk treatment process.

Question 184

A security team wants to treat every low-likelihood risk regardless of cost, disrupting business delivery. Which follow-up is most relevant as the environment changes?

  1. Escalate overdue vendor milestones and unexpected exposure changes
  2. Review production service quality and residual threat indicators after rollout
  3. Reevaluate treatment economics when threat likelihood or control cost changes
  4. Monitor vendor financial, control, and legal changes affecting residual risk

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A once-rational response may cease to be proportionate.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Reliance on promises needs continued oversight. It may help maintain requiring treatment verification before risk closure, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns applying a cost-aware risk treatment process.

B:

Control effectiveness can shift when usage changes. It may help maintain balancing security response and business impacts, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns applying a cost-aware risk treatment process.

D:

Transferred functions still require risk management. It may help maintain distinguishing operational outsourcing from risk transfer, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns applying a cost-aware risk treatment process.

Question 185

A new product introduces a critical data flow not captured by last year's annual risk assessment. Which management decision most directly addresses the stated business need?

  1. Require a bounded exception with compensating controls, ownership, and a retirement plan
  2. Require an authorized, time-bounded risk acceptance within approved appetite
  3. Define risk scenarios consistently and group correlated consequences under one material event where appropriate
  4. Require risk reassessment for material architectural and business changes, not only yearly schedules

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Significant changes can invalidate baseline assumptions immediately.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A permanent waiver extends risk beyond the legacy need. However, it does not make the decision needed for triggering event-driven risk reassessment in this scenario.

B:

An indefinite informal acceptance is not effective risk governance. However, it does not make the decision needed for triggering event-driven risk reassessment in this scenario.

C:

One incident may generate multiple impacts without being multiple independent events. However, it does not make the decision needed for triggering event-driven risk reassessment in this scenario.

Question 186

A new product introduces a critical data flow not captured by last year's annual risk assessment. Which implementation step best translates the requirement into an operating control?

  1. Test permitted and denied traffic plus alternative routes under an approved change window
  2. Document exposure, protected network paths, monitoring, change window, and retest schedule
  3. Record the accepting owner, residual exposure, controls, expiry date, and review trigger
  4. Add security risk checkpoints to product and architecture change governance

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A trigger ensures assessment happens before irreversible commitments.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Validation should reproduce relevant threats safely. That could support verifying residual risk after mitigation, but it does not implement the requested triggering event-driven risk reassessment.

B:

A staged plan manages both risks. That could support handling temporary risk within operational constraints, but it does not implement the requested triggering event-driven risk reassessment.

C:

Conditions make the decision enforceable and reviewable. That could support making risk acceptance a managed decision, but it does not implement the requested triggering event-driven risk reassessment.

Question 187

A new product introduces a critical data flow not captured by last year's annual risk assessment. Which validation best confirms the control meets the stated need?

  1. Compare treatment rankings under optimistic and pessimistic assumptions
  2. Review the estimate with business continuity and finance owners for sensitivity to key assumptions
  3. Verify the risk owner can explain why the changed likelihood affects the treatment choice
  4. Inspect a sample high-impact change for updated risk owners and treatment decisions

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A traceable review proves change integration.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Sensitivity indicates whether the decision is robust. This provides evidence for using quantitative risk estimates responsibly, not proof of triggering event-driven risk reassessment.

B:

A sensitivity check exposes fragile conclusions. This provides evidence for representing uncertainty in risk estimates, not proof of triggering event-driven risk reassessment.

C:

A documented decision links threat intelligence to action. This provides evidence for integrating active threat intelligence into risk treatment, not proof of triggering event-driven risk reassessment.

Question 188

A new product introduces a critical data flow not captured by last year's annual risk assessment. What continuing control would best preserve the intended outcome?

  1. Escalate missed patch milestones and reassess emerging exploitation evidence
  2. Review the change-trigger criteria after missed or late risk assessments
  3. Reassess assumptions when dependencies, geography, or recovery capabilities change
  4. Reassess when actual industry attacks or internal signals change threat plausibility

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The process must catch the changes that matter.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Temporary plans need firm review triggers. It may help maintain handling temporary risk within operational constraints, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns triggering event-driven risk reassessment.

C:

Severe-event exposures are sensitive to systemic shifts. It may help maintain considering low-frequency catastrophic impact, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns triggering event-driven risk reassessment.

D:

Emerging risk should respond to evidence. It may help maintain evaluating emerging threats under uncertainty, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns triggering event-driven risk reassessment.

Question 189

An enterprise risk register lists technical findings but cannot identify the business service that would be harmed. What is the MOST appropriate first management decision for this situation?

  1. Evaluate plausible severe-impact scenarios in relation to enterprise resilience and risk appetite
  2. Assign risk ownership to the accountable business process owner, not simply the control operator
  3. Escalate the evidence gap as residual third-party risk to the accountable service owner
  4. Reframe entries around impacted business objectives, scenarios, and accountable risk owners

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A scanner finding is evidence, not a complete enterprise risk statement.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Low frequency does not make existential impact acceptable by default. However, it does not make the decision needed for linking risk findings to business impact in this scenario.

B:

The owner bears business consequences and approves treatment. However, it does not make the decision needed for linking risk findings to business impact in this scenario.

C:

Questionnaire completion is not proof of subcontractor control. However, it does not make the decision needed for linking risk findings to business impact in this scenario.

Question 190

An enterprise risk register lists technical findings but cannot identify the business service that would be harmed. What should the manager arrange during rollout to meet this requirement?

  1. Review policy coverage, exclusions, deductibles, and control obligations with the risk owner
  2. Link each material technical weakness to a service, asset owner, impact, and current treatment
  3. Separate current-state and target-state risk assessments with evidence and milestones
  4. Map responsibilities and supporting evidence for each critical shared cloud control

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Traceability enables business prioritization.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Residual operational loss may remain even when some costs are insured. That could support understanding the limitations of risk transfer, but it does not implement the requested linking risk findings to business impact.

C:

Two views prevent premature risk reduction claims. That could support distinguishing planned controls from effective controls, but it does not implement the requested linking risk findings to business impact.

D:

A control matrix avoids assuming the provider operates everything. That could support allocating shared-responsibility risk accurately, but it does not implement the requested linking risk findings to business impact.

Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) Practice Tests

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