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Isaca CISM Practice Test 20

Question 190

An enterprise risk register lists technical findings but cannot identify the business service that would be harmed. What should the manager arrange during rollout to meet this requirement?

  1. Review policy coverage, exclusions, deductibles, and control obligations with the risk owner
  2. Link each material technical weakness to a service, asset owner, impact, and current treatment
  3. Separate current-state and target-state risk assessments with evidence and milestones
  4. Map responsibilities and supporting evidence for each critical shared cloud control

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Traceability enables business prioritization.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Residual operational loss may remain even when some costs are insured. That could support understanding the limitations of risk transfer, but it does not implement the requested linking risk findings to business impact.

C:

Two views prevent premature risk reduction claims. That could support distinguishing planned controls from effective controls, but it does not implement the requested linking risk findings to business impact.

D:

A control matrix avoids assuming the provider operates everything. That could support allocating shared-responsibility risk accurately, but it does not implement the requested linking risk findings to business impact.

Question 191

An enterprise risk register lists technical findings but cannot identify the business service that would be harmed. Which test most directly verifies the desired managerial outcome?

  1. Choose a risk and confirm the owner can articulate consequences and intended response
  2. Confirm owners approve the selected treatment on the basis of risk and costs
  3. Verify an unresolved high-risk finding is reflected in the owner's treatment decision
  4. Verify a sample control operates as intended before recognizing its treatment benefit

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Business understanding validates the risk record.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Approval requires more than a control recommendation. This provides evidence for applying a cost-aware risk treatment process, not proof of linking risk findings to business impact.

C:

The exception must affect management action, not just notes. This provides evidence for reconciling conflicting third-party risk evidence, not proof of linking risk findings to business impact.

D:

Operating evidence establishes whether risk was reduced. This provides evidence for distinguishing planned controls from effective controls, not proof of linking risk findings to business impact.

Question 192

An enterprise risk register lists technical findings but cannot identify the business service that would be harmed. After deployment, what ongoing oversight most directly keeps the requirement effective?

  1. Review ownership after changes in service sponsorship or outsourcing
  2. Track increasing reliance on the shared provider in procurement and renewals
  3. Escalate expired or orphaned exceptions and reassess their business consequences
  4. Audit orphaned entries and reassign ownership after reorganizations

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Unowned risks can persist through reporting cycles.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Control location and business accountability may diverge. It may help maintain identifying the correct information risk owner, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns linking risk findings to business impact.

B:

Concentration can rise quietly over time. It may help maintain capturing aggregate supplier concentration, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns linking risk findings to business impact.

C:

Controls need owner accountability through their lifecycle. It may help maintain separating control waivers from approved risk decisions, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns linking risk findings to business impact.

Question 193

Two divisions independently calculate cyber risk scores using incompatible scales. Which management approach best satisfies the primary requirement?

  1. Assess threat pathways and business impact before selecting the control portfolio
  2. Evaluate plausible severe-impact scenarios in relation to enterprise resilience and risk appetite
  3. Recalculate privacy and security impact using the new obligation and enforcement environment
  4. Approve common impact, likelihood, and escalation criteria before consolidating scores

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Numbers without shared definitions cannot be compared meaningfully.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A collection of popular controls may miss the largest risks. However, it does not make the decision needed for creating consistent enterprise risk criteria in this scenario.

B:

Low frequency does not make existential impact acceptable by default. However, it does not make the decision needed for creating consistent enterprise risk criteria in this scenario.

C:

An unchanged control landscape can carry a different business impact. However, it does not make the decision needed for creating consistent enterprise risk criteria in this scenario.

Question 194

Two divisions independently calculate cyber risk scores using incompatible scales. Which concrete action would best operationalize the needed approach?

  1. Coordinate asset and threat analysis with plant engineering, using approved nonintrusive discovery
  2. Define delegated decision limits and escalation criteria for regional risk owners
  3. Calibrate rating criteria using representative incidents and business outcomes
  4. Define success criteria for data integrity, RTO, RPO, and required business dependencies

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Examples reduce inconsistent use of scales.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Joint analysis can reveal exposure without unsafe active probing. That could support assessing risk when testing could interrupt operations, but it does not implement the requested creating consistent enterprise risk criteria.

B:

Local autonomy needs explicit authority limits. That could support ensuring subsidiary tolerances remain within enterprise appetite, but it does not implement the requested creating consistent enterprise risk criteria.

D:

Criteria ensure testing measures real recovery obligations. That could support distinguishing test plans from demonstrated resilience, but it does not implement the requested creating consistent enterprise risk criteria.

Question 195

Two divisions independently calculate cyber risk scores using incompatible scales. Which evidence best demonstrates the intended business and security outcome?

  1. Sample exceptions and verify they have valid approvals and clear risk statements
  2. Have analysts score the same case independently and compare reasoning, not just final numbers
  3. Compare business impact and reduced exposure against the risk owner's agreed decision criteria
  4. Compare treatment rankings under optimistic and pessimistic assumptions

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Calibration detects divergent interpretation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The check detects informal bypasses disguised as acceptance. This provides evidence for separating control waivers from approved risk decisions, not proof of creating consistent enterprise risk criteria.

C:

The final choice should reflect enterprise value. This provides evidence for balancing security response and business impacts, not proof of creating consistent enterprise risk criteria.

D:

Sensitivity indicates whether the decision is robust. This provides evidence for using quantitative risk estimates responsibly, not proof of creating consistent enterprise risk criteria.

Question 196

Two divisions independently calculate cyber risk scores using incompatible scales. Which recurring management review most directly addresses future drift?

  1. Update the model after near-misses, insurance studies, or site changes
  2. Review threat and exposure assumptions after maintenance windows and network changes
  3. Monitor downstream provider changes and risk indicators during contract operation
  4. Review scale thresholds after material changes in enterprise appetite or operations

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A calibrated model can become outdated.

Incorrect Answers

A:

New data should refine the estimate. It may help maintain representing uncertainty in risk estimates, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns creating consistent enterprise risk criteria.

B:

Previously unavailable evidence may become safely collectible. It may help maintain assessing risk when testing could interrupt operations, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns creating consistent enterprise risk criteria.

C:

Supply chains evolve between annual reviews. It may help maintain assessing fourth-party and supply-chain concentration risk, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns creating consistent enterprise risk criteria.

Question 197

A financial institution's phishing exposure remains high despite widespread awareness training. Which decision should the information security manager prioritize?

  1. Recalculate privacy and security impact using the new obligation and enforcement environment
  2. Validate that exiting the activity actually removes the associated exposure and dependencies
  3. Assess combined phishing controls and residual business exposure using outcome evidence
  4. Assess threat pathways and business impact before selecting the control portfolio

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Training completion does not prove attacks are prevented.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An unchanged control landscape can carry a different business impact. However, it does not make the decision needed for evaluating control effectiveness instead of activity in this scenario.

B:

Risk avoidance means ceasing the risky activity, not merely renaming it. However, it does not make the decision needed for evaluating control effectiveness instead of activity in this scenario.

D:

A collection of popular controls may miss the largest risks. However, it does not make the decision needed for evaluating control effectiveness instead of activity in this scenario.

Question 198

A financial institution's phishing exposure remains high despite widespread awareness training. During implementation, which action most directly executes the necessary response?

  1. Assess the authentication path, alternative safeguards, time limit, and technical migration steps
  2. Review key administration, logging, access restrictions, contractual obligations, and recovery responsibility
  3. Review simulated attacks, reporting quality, authentication, and account-recovery controls together
  4. Map attack chains linking permissions, federation, recovery, and privileged access

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Layered effectiveness is more informative than a single awareness metric.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A temporary risk treatment should address the actual weakness. That could support evaluating compensating controls for a documented exception, but it does not implement the requested evaluating control effectiveness instead of activity.

B:

Key custody details determine practical exposure. That could support evaluating key custody as a third-party risk, but it does not implement the requested evaluating control effectiveness instead of activity.

D:

Dependency analysis exposes plausible escalation. That could support recognizing correlated weaknesses in risk aggregation, but it does not implement the requested evaluating control effectiveness instead of activity.

Question 199

A financial institution's phishing exposure remains high despite widespread awareness training. What would provide the strongest practical verification of this requirement?

  1. Confirm critical process owners agree on impact scenarios and the remaining evidence limitations
  2. Confirm the control evaluation measures actual compromise pathways and response performance
  3. Obtain operating evidence and confirm the risk owner accepts the resulting residual exposure
  4. Confirm owners approve the selected treatment on the basis of risk and costs

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

An outcome test can reveal gaps behind healthy completion rates.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Assumptions should be visible rather than silently treated as facts. This provides evidence for assessing risk when testing could interrupt operations, not proof of evaluating control effectiveness instead of activity.

C:

Closure requires demonstrable progress and authorization. This provides evidence for requiring treatment verification before risk closure, not proof of evaluating control effectiveness instead of activity.

D:

Approval requires more than a control recommendation. This provides evidence for applying a cost-aware risk treatment process, not proof of evaluating control effectiveness instead of activity.

Question 200

A financial institution's phishing exposure remains high despite widespread awareness training. Which follow-up is most relevant as the environment changes?

  1. Reassess after new attacker tactics or business communication patterns appear
  2. Reassess when actual industry attacks or internal signals change threat plausibility
  3. Escalate missed patch milestones and reassess emerging exploitation evidence
  4. Reassess assumptions when dependencies, geography, or recovery capabilities change

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

A static control mix can lose effectiveness.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Emerging risk should respond to evidence. It may help maintain evaluating emerging threats under uncertainty, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns evaluating control effectiveness instead of activity.

C:

Temporary plans need firm review triggers. It may help maintain handling temporary risk within operational constraints, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns evaluating control effectiveness instead of activity.

D:

Severe-event exposures are sensitive to systemic shifts. It may help maintain considering low-frequency catastrophic impact, whereas the stated continuing risk concerns evaluating control effectiveness instead of activity.

Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) Practice Tests

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