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Question 350
An IOS engineer sees a static default route configured, but must confirm whether the router currently has an active gateway of last resort and what forwarding entry is installed. Which information is authoritative for that immediate routing-state decision?
- The route source configured under router ospf without reading the RIB
- The installed Gateway of last resort field and active default entry in show ip route
- The list of interface descriptions from show interfaces description
- The DNS resolver settings from show running-config rather than any route entry
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The installed routing table and its gateway-of-last-resort information show the currently selected default forwarding route, if one exists.
Incorrect Answers
A:OSPF process configuration lists intended protocol settings but is not proof that the default route is installed in the active RIB.
C:An interface description helps identify a circuit but does not prove an IP default route is usable in the RIB.
D:Resolver settings affect name lookup but not the installed default route used to forward unmatched destination IP packets.
Question 351
The displayed route starts with `O 192.0.2.0/26` and the operator must record the **destination network** rather than the next hop. Which portion is the destination prefix?
- Record the next-hop IPv4 gateway after via as the destination prefix
- Identify the destination network/prefix
- Record the O source code as the destination network
- Record the [110/cost] bracket as a network address
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:The network and length define which packet destination addresses match.
Incorrect Answers
A:The via address is an adjacent forwarding router, not the OSPF-learned 192.0.2.0/26 destination.
C:The O letter identifies route protocol, while the following prefix is the destination match.
D:Administrative distance/metric describes route preference, not a CIDR destination prefix.
Question 352
A route is written as `10.20.30.0/26`, and a peer requires the equivalent dotted-decimal network mask. Which mask corresponds exactly to /26?
- Use 255.255.255.192
- Use 255.255.255.224, which is the mask for /27
- Use 255.255.255.0, which is the mask for /24
- Use 0.0.0.63, which is a wildcard mask rather than a subnet mask
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:A /26 uses 26 one-bits: 24 in the first three octets plus the two highest bits of the last octet, which equals 192.
Incorrect Answers
B:255.255.255.224 has three one-bits in the final octet, giving a 27-bit prefix, not /26.
C:255.255.255.0 has only 24 network bits and defines a larger /24 subnet.
D:0.0.0.63 is the inverse wildcard of a /26 subnet mask, often used for ACL matching, not the requested dotted-decimal subnet mask.
Question 353
A routing-table entry is displayed as `O IA 10.40.0.0/16 [110/30] via 192.0.2.9`. The operator must classify how OSPF learned this route rather than identify its next hop or bracketed cost. What does the route code `O IA` mean?
- A directly connected local route installed by the interface address configuration
- An OSPF interarea route learned across an OSPF area boundary
- A static route that was manually configured with distance 110
- An EIGRP external route learned through redistribution into EIGRP
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Cisco IOS uses O IA for an interarea route learned by OSPF across an area boundary; the first bracketed number is the administrative distance, not the source code.
Incorrect Answers
A:Connected routes appear with route code C, not the OSPF interarea O IA indicator.
C:A manually configured static route uses code S even if its administrative distance was manually increased to 110.
D:EIGRP external routes are designated D EX, not O IA; the letters reflect different routing protocols.
Question 354
A Cisco `show ip route` entry displays `O 10.70.0.0/16 [110/20] via 192.0.2.2`. The team already knows 110 represents administrative distance. What does 20 represent?
- The OSPF route metric or cost recorded for that route
- The IPv4 prefix length in bits
- The configured administrative distance of a second routing source
- The number of Ethernet interfaces that forward matching packets
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The bracket notation is [administrative distance/metric]; 20 is the route’s OSPF metric rather than a second distance.
Incorrect Answers
B:The route prefix length is explicitly /16 and is not the bracket’s second number.
C:There is only one distance value, 110, in this notation; 20 is the metric.
D:The route metric does not count physical forwarding interfaces or ECMP members.
Question 355
An IOS router learns the identical 192.0.2.0/24 prefix from OSPF with `[110/35]` and external EIGRP with `[170/28160]`. Both next hops resolve and no routing distances are customized. Which comparison correctly determines the installed source, without comparing incompatible protocol metrics?
- External EIGRP, because metric 28160 is higher than OSPF cost 35
- External EIGRP, because its route is redistributed from another routing system
- A load-balanced combination of OSPF and EIGRP because the prefix lengths match
- OSPF, because its administrative distance 110 is lower than external EIGRP distance 170
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:For the same prefix, IOS normally chooses the protocol with the smaller administrative distance; OSPF AD 110 ranks ahead of external EIGRP AD 170. The two protocol metrics cannot be compared directly.
Incorrect Answers
A:EIGRP composite metrics and OSPF costs use different scales; the larger raw EIGRP metric is not a cross-protocol advantage.
B:External EIGRP is not inherently more preferred than a same-prefix OSPF route; administrative distance decides between these sources.
C:Equal prefix length does not make routes from different protocols automatically eligible for equal-cost multipath.
Question 356
An IPv6 router installs `::/0` via A, `2001:db8:20::/48` via B, `2001:db8:20:300::/56` via C, and `2001:db8:20:301::/64` via D. Assuming every next hop is resolvable, which route forwards a packet for `2001:db8:20:301::a`?
- The default route via A because IPv6 does not use longest-prefix match
- The /48 route via B because it was configured earlier
- The /56 route via C because it represents a larger destination set
- The /64 route via D because all four match and /64 is most specific
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:The destination is in all listed prefixes. Longest-prefix match selects the installed `/64` route via D regardless of the broader alternatives.
Incorrect Answers
A:IPv6 unicast routing uses matching destination prefixes; a default route loses to valid installed more-specific routes.
B:The /48 matches this packet but has fewer matching high-order bits than the installed /56 and /64 routes. Configuration order is not the forwarding selection rule.
C:The /56 contains the destination yet is less specific than the /64 covering the exact `:301` subnet.
Question 357
A router has only two installed IPv4 routes: 10.0.0.0/8 via 192.0.2.11 and a default route 0.0.0.0/0 via 192.0.2.1. Both next hops are reachable. Where does the router forward a packet addressed to 10.201.3.4?
- Via 192.0.2.1, because the default route is always preferred over specific installed prefixes
- Drop the packet because 10.201.3.4 lies outside the installed 10.0.0.0/8 network
- Via 192.0.2.11, matching the installed 10.0.0.0/8 prefix
- Load-balance equally across 192.0.2.11 and 192.0.2.1 because both route entries match
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:The destination 10.201.3.4 belongs to the installed 10.0.0.0/8 prefix. Its next hop 192.0.2.11 wins longest-prefix matching over the 0.0.0.0/0 default route.
Incorrect Answers
A:A default route matches all addresses, but it is the least-specific prefix. The installed 10.0.0.0/8 entry is a longer matching prefix for 10.201.3.4 and takes precedence.
B:The 10.0.0.0/8 network covers addresses from 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255, including the destination. A valid installed route and reachable next hop are available.
D:Equal-cost multipath does not combine a /8 route with a /0 default for a matching packet. The more-specific /8 is selected, so the default next hop is not used for this destination.
Question 358
R1 has `ip route 10.10.5.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.5.1` and no independent route to 10.10.5.1. The only possible way to reach that next hop would be through the static route being evaluated itself. What happens to the recursive static route?
- It is not installed because its next hop cannot be resolved without self-recursion
- It is installed automatically with administrative distance zero
- It is sent as a new OSPF route despite OSPF not being configured
- It is converted to a directly connected 10.10.5.0/24 route
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:A static route requiring its own prefix to resolve the next hop is self-recursive and cannot provide a valid independent outgoing path, so the RIB does not install it.
Incorrect Answers
B:Static routes normally have a nonzero default distance and cannot bypass next-hop reachability through an invented distance zero.
C:A static configuration does not automatically enable or originate OSPF announcements.
D:The existence of a static route does not make a remote prefix directly connected or solve the next-hop recursion loop.
Question 359
R1 has Ethernet0/0 192.0.2.10/24 and `ip route 10.10.17.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.2.1`. It forwards a packet to 10.10.17.12 after the static route is installed. Which IPv4 address should R1 resolve using ARP on the directly connected Ethernet?
- 192.0.2.1, the static route next hop
- 10.10.17.12, the remote end host
- 10.10.17.0, the remote subnet identifier
- 255.255.255.0, the remote subnet mask
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:The installed next-hop route points to 192.0.2.1 on a directly connected Ethernet; R1 resolves that neighbor MAC, then forwards the packet toward it.
Incorrect Answers
B:The remote host is beyond the next-hop router and is not the on-link ARP target when the route specifies a reachable next-hop IP.
C:The remote network identifier is a routing prefix, not the adjacent router’s Ethernet interface address.
D:The subnet mask is not a valid unicast ARP target address.
Question 360
R1 has two installed, reachable routes: an OSPF `10.10.0.0/16 [110/20] via 192.0.2.2` and a high-distance static `10.10.16.128/25 [200/0] via 192.0.2.3`. A packet targets 10.10.16.178. Which next hop is used?
- 192.0.2.3, because the installed /25 is more specific
- 192.0.2.2, because OSPF has a lower administrative distance
- Both next hops in equal-cost balancing despite unequal prefixes
- Neither; a static route can never forward while OSPF is running
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Forwarding selects the longest matching *installed* prefix, so the /25 covers .178 and wins even with a higher administrative distance than the /16.
Incorrect Answers
B:Administrative distance compares sources competing for the same prefix during installation; it does not override a more-specific installed route at forwarding time.
C:ECMP concerns equal-cost eligible paths to the same prefix, not two unequal prefix lengths.
D:Static routes can coexist with OSPF routes for different masks when each route is installed and reachable.
Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) (200-301) Practice Tests