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AX0-100 Axis Communications Practice Test Questions and Exam Dumps

Question No 1:

What is the term used to describe the capability to view and record up to four different areas of the whole image of an AXIS P1346 camera?

A. Multicast streaming.
B. Multi-view streaming.
C. Broadcast streaming.
D. Multi-link streaming.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

The AXIS P1346 camera provides a feature that allows users to view and record multiple areas of the entire image simultaneously. This capability is referred to as Multi-view streaming. It is a useful feature in surveillance systems where multiple sections of the camera's view need to be monitored or recorded at the same time, providing a broader and more versatile perspective.

• Option A: Multicast streaming refers to a method of streaming data where one source transmits data to multiple receivers, but it does not specifically relate to the ability to view and record different areas of an image.

• Option B: Multi-view streaming is the correct answer. It allows a camera to stream different sections or areas of its field of view simultaneously, enabling the user to record or monitor multiple areas at once.

• Option C: Broadcast streaming involves sending data to all potential receivers in a network, but again, it doesn’t specifically describe the feature of viewing and recording multiple areas of a single image.

• Option D: Multi-link streaming is not a term commonly used to describe the feature of dividing the camera's view into multiple sections for simultaneous recording or viewing. This term is more related to establishing multiple data streams or connections.

Thus, Multi-view streaming (Option B) is the most accurate term for the capability described in the question.

Question No 2:

A camera lens with a low f-stop value of 1.2 will outperform a lens with a higher f-stop value due to which one of the parameters below?

A. Better depth of field
B. Better low light capability
C. Improved sharpness
D. Less image artifacts

Correct answer: B

Explanation:

The f-stop value of a camera lens refers to the aperture size, which directly affects how much light enters the lens and reaches the camera sensor. A low f-stop value, such as f/1.2, indicates a wider aperture, which allows significantly more light to pass through compared to a higher f-stop value (e.g., f/8 or f/16). This capability makes a lens with a low f-stop particularly useful in low light situations, as it allows photographers to capture images in dim environments without needing to increase the ISO or use a slower shutter speed, both of which can introduce noise or motion blur.

Here’s why B (better low light capability) is the correct answer:

• Better low light capability: A lens with a low f-stop, like f/1.2, enables much more light to reach the sensor, which improves performance in low light conditions. In such situations, this allows for faster shutter speeds without compromising on exposure, leading to clearer and brighter images in dim environments.

Now, let’s look at the other options:

• A. Better depth of field: A lens with a low f-stop results in a shallow depth of field, which can create a blurred background (bokeh effect) for artistic purposes. However, while this is a feature of a low f-stop, it does not explain why it outperforms lenses in terms of low light performance. In fact, a shallow depth of field could be limiting in certain situations, such as when more of the scene needs to be in focus.

• C. Improved sharpness: Sharpness is influenced by many factors, including lens quality, focal length, and aperture size, but a low f-stop value does not directly correlate with improved sharpness. In fact, lenses often have optimal sharpness at middle-range apertures (like f/5.6 to f/8). At extreme low f-stops like f/1.2, there might be some softness at the edges of the frame, especially in cheaper lenses.

• D. Less image artifacts: Lenses with wider apertures (low f-stop values) are generally not the primary factor in reducing image artifacts. Image quality is more often influenced by the optical design of the lens, the materials used, and the quality of the lens coating. While artifacts such as chromatic aberration or lens flare can be reduced with better lens technology, the f-stop value itself does not directly impact the reduction of these artifacts.

In conclusion, a low f-stop value like f/1.2 gives the lens the advantage of better low light capability because it allows more light to enter, making it ideal for capturing clearer, brighter images in darker conditions.

Question No 3:

What is the maximum distance for a 100BaseTX Ethernet carrying 802.3at PoE connection between a switch and a camera without any extenders or repeaters?

A. 50 m (164 ft)
B. 100 m (328 ft)
C. 150 m (492 ft)
D. 500 m (1640 ft)

Correct answer: B

Explanation:

For standard 100BaseTX Ethernet (Fast Ethernet), the maximum distance between devices like a switch and a camera, without the use of extenders or repeaters, is 100 meters (328 feet). This distance is defined by the limitations of Ethernet cabling, typically using Cat5e or Cat6 cables, and ensures reliable data transmission without significant signal degradation.

When using 802.3at PoE (Power over Ethernet), the same distance applies. PoE allows electrical power to be transmitted along with data over the Ethernet cable, but the power requirements for devices like cameras are designed to work within the same 100-meter range. The 802.3at standard provides up to 25.5 watts of power, which is sufficient for many types of network cameras, but the distance for PoE connections still adheres to the 100-meter (328 feet) limit for data transmission.

Let’s break down why the other options are incorrect:

• A. 50 m (164 ft): This is well below the standard maximum for Ethernet and PoE. The distance could be shorter in specific conditions, such as poor-quality cables or high interference, but the standard maximum is 100 meters.

• C. 150 m (492 ft): Ethernet and PoE standards do not support this distance without extenders or repeaters. Signal degradation would make the connection unreliable beyond 100 meters.

• D. 500 m (1640 ft): This is far beyond the supported range for standard Ethernet or PoE without additional equipment like repeaters or fiber optics.

Thus, the correct maximum distance for a 100BaseTX Ethernet carrying 802.3at PoE is 100 meters (328 feet), which corresponds to B.

Question No 4:

Which technology can a Video Management Software (VMS) partner incorporate to reduce the impact on recorded video during server maintenance?

A. Local storage at the camera
B. Meta data stream
C. AXIS Camera Application Platform (ACAP)
D. SNMP

Answer: A

Explanation:

The primary goal of reducing the impact on recorded video during server maintenance is to ensure that video data continues to be captured and stored reliably, even when the main server is unavailable or undergoing maintenance. The most effective technology for achieving this is local storage at the camera.

Option A (Local storage at the camera) is the most suitable option because it allows the camera to store video locally on an SD card or another form of local storage. This means that even if the Video Management Software (VMS) server is down for maintenance, the camera can continue recording footage locally. Once the server is back online, the recorded footage can be uploaded to the server without any data loss. This ensures continuity in video surveillance, even during server downtime, and minimizes disruptions.

Option B (Meta data stream) refers to data that provides information about video content, such as object detection, motion, or event information, but it does not directly address video storage. While meta data is valuable for enhancing video search and analytics, it doesn't solve the problem of ensuring continuous video recording during server maintenance.

Option C (AXIS Camera Application Platform, ACAP) is a platform that allows third-party applications to be installed directly on Axis cameras, providing added functionality, such as analytics or enhanced control. While ACAP can improve camera performance or add features, it does not specifically address the issue of continuous video recording during server maintenance.

Option D (SNMP, Simple Network Management Protocol) is a protocol used for managing devices on a network. While it can be used to monitor the status of network devices, including cameras, it does not provide a direct solution for ensuring continuous video recording during server maintenance.

Therefore, the best option is A, local storage at the camera, as it ensures that video data is safely recorded during server maintenance, with the ability to upload it later to the main server once it is back online.

Question No 5:

A Day & Night camera automatically removes the IR-cut filter for low light operations. In that mode, the camera becomes sensitive to IR light. Which wavelength is the camera most sensitive to?

A. 850 nm
B. 950 nm
C. 1140 nm
D. 1350 nm

Correct Answer: A

Explanation:

Day & Night cameras are designed to provide clear video in both daylight and low-light conditions. These cameras feature an IR-cut filter that is automatically removed in low light conditions, enabling the camera to capture infrared (IR) light. The removal of the IR-cut filter allows the camera to become more sensitive to infrared wavelengths, which are invisible to the human eye but can help the camera capture clearer images in dark or low-light environments.

Option A, 850 nm, is the most common wavelength used in many Day & Night cameras for IR illumination. The 850 nm wavelength provides a good balance between effective night vision and minimal visible light contamination. It is widely used in security cameras because it offers strong IR sensitivity while producing less visible light that could give away the presence of the camera.

Option B, 950 nm, is also an IR wavelength but is less commonly used than 850 nm for most security applications. It can provide slightly better range but may have more visible light associated with it, which could make the camera more noticeable.

Option C, 1140 nm, and Option D, 1350 nm, are in the near-infrared spectrum as well, but these wavelengths are typically used in specialized applications where higher IR light penetration is required. However, they are not the most common wavelengths for general surveillance cameras, as they tend to be less efficient in typical security settings and may require more powerful IR illumination.

Therefore, A. 850 nm is the correct answer, as this is the most commonly used wavelength for infrared light sensitivity in standard Day & Night security cameras.

Question No 6:

Which of the following statements about multicast video streaming are true? (Choose three)

A. Multicast can help to save bandwidth in a network
B. Multicast can typically not be used to provide video over the internet
C. Multicast uses TCP as transport protocol
D. Multicast extends the viewer capacity of a camera or an encoder from 10-20 to an unlimited number
E. RTSP streams are always sent through multicast

Answer: A, B, and D

Explanation:

Multicast video streaming is a method of transmitting data to multiple receivers in a network efficiently by sending a single copy of the stream to all recipients. It offers several advantages, particularly for video distribution in environments with many viewers or users. Let’s evaluate each statement to determine which are true:

• A. Multicast can help to save bandwidth in a network: This statement is true. One of the key benefits of multicast is its ability to save bandwidth. Instead of sending individual copies of a video stream to each viewer, multicast sends a single stream that is shared by all receivers, reducing the overall bandwidth usage for the network.

• B. Multicast can typically not be used to provide video over the internet: This statement is also true. Multicast is generally designed for use within local networks or specific infrastructures (like corporate networks). It is difficult to implement multicast effectively over the internet because the global routing infrastructure for multicast is not as widely supported as unicast (point-to-point communication), and ISPs may not always provide multicast routing.

• C. Multicast uses TCP as transport protocol: This statement is false. Multicast typically uses UDP (User Datagram Protocol) as its transport protocol, not TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). UDP is preferred for multicast because it is connectionless and has lower overhead, making it more efficient for streaming applications where occasional packet loss is acceptable. TCP, on the other hand, is connection-oriented and ensures reliable delivery, which is unnecessary and inefficient for multicast video streaming.

• D. Multicast extends the viewer capacity of a camera or an encoder from 10-20 to an unlimited number: This statement is true. With multicast, the number of viewers or receivers does not affect the bandwidth usage significantly. In unicast streaming, adding more viewers would consume more bandwidth since a separate stream must be sent to each one. However, multicast allows for an "unlimited" number of viewers to receive the same stream without consuming additional bandwidth on the network.

• E. RTSP streams are always sent through multicast: This statement is false. RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol) does not always use multicast. RTSP is a protocol used for controlling the streaming of multimedia content and can work with both unicast and multicast. It is not restricted to multicast, and in many cases, especially over the internet, RTSP streams are delivered via unicast.

In conclusion, the correct answers are A, B, and D, as these accurately describe the properties and limitations of multicast video streaming.

Question No 7:

What is the best recommendation when adding network surveillance cameras to an existing Ethernet network?

A. Is not recommended, since bandwidth demands from the surveillance video would likely congest the network.
B. Will benefit from using VLANs, to keep the surveillance video separate from other network traffic, reducing the risk for network congestion.
C. Will cause unacceptable video latency, due to the amount of UDP traffic taking precedence on the network.
D. Will benefit from establishing VPN connections to the cameras, reducing the risk of malicious users eavesdropping on the video.

Answer: B

Explanation:

When adding network surveillance cameras to an existing Ethernet network, it is crucial to consider both the bandwidth requirements of the surveillance video and how to manage network traffic effectively. Video streaming from surveillance cameras can be bandwidth-intensive, potentially leading to network congestion if not properly managed. However, there are strategies that can optimize network performance and ensure the cameras' integration doesn't negatively impact other traffic.

• Option A suggests that adding surveillance cameras is not recommended because of potential network congestion. While this concern is valid, it overlooks solutions that can mitigate the congestion, such as network segmentation or traffic management. Therefore, this is an overly pessimistic approach.

• Option B is the best approach. Using VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) to separate surveillance traffic from other types of network traffic can reduce the risk of congestion. By placing the surveillance cameras on their own VLAN, network administrators can prioritize traffic, control bandwidth usage more effectively, and ensure that other critical applications are not affected by the video streaming. This solution is widely implemented in modern network management and is specifically designed to handle high-bandwidth applications like surveillance video.

• Option C focuses on video latency caused by UDP traffic. While it's true that surveillance cameras often use UDP for streaming (because it is faster and doesn’t require acknowledgment), this alone does not necessarily result in unacceptable latency. Network traffic prioritization, such as Quality of Service (QoS) settings or using VLANs, can help manage this issue.

• Option D suggests establishing VPN connections to the cameras to prevent eavesdropping. While securing the cameras is important, especially if they are exposed to the internet, using VPNs in this context is more about security than performance. VPNs could introduce additional overhead, which is not ideal for high-bandwidth video streams. Therefore, this solution is secondary to the need for managing network traffic effectively.

In summary, B (using VLANs) is the most effective strategy for managing the integration of surveillance cameras into an Ethernet network. By isolating video traffic, network congestion can be minimized, and overall network performance can be optimized.

Question No 8:

Which of the following allows customers to access between 2-4 channels of live and online stored video at any time?

A. AXIS Camera Station
B. AXIS Video Hosting System (AVHS)
C. AXIS Camera Management
D. AXIS Media Control

Answer: B

Explanation:

The AXIS Video Hosting System (AVHS) is designed to allow users to access live and recorded video streams from cameras, typically through a web interface. This system is primarily used for remotely managing video surveillance systems. It is optimized for delivering a certain number of video channels (in this case, between 2-4), providing users with easy access to both live and stored video footage.

Let’s break down the other options to clarify why they do not match the description:

• A (AXIS Camera Station): This is a comprehensive video management software solution that allows users to manage, view, and record video from multiple cameras. However, it is more sophisticated and designed for larger-scale video surveillance systems, usually supporting a higher number of cameras and more advanced features than just 2-4 channels. It’s not focused on the limited number of channels mentioned in the question.

• C (AXIS Camera Management): This tool is designed for managing multiple AXIS cameras and providing configuration tools, but it doesn’t focus on delivering access to live or stored video. It’s mainly used for managing camera settings, firmware updates, and system health checks.

• D (AXIS Media Control): This is a software plugin for web browsers that enables the viewing of video streams from AXIS cameras. It helps render video content, but it doesn’t specifically cater to accessing 2-4 video channels at a time. It’s more focused on facilitating video display within a browser environment.

Therefore, B (AXIS Video Hosting System) is the correct choice because it is designed specifically for the use case described in the question: accessing between 2-4 channels of live and stored video at any time.

Question No 9:

What causes image flickering?

A. IR light
B. White light
C. Lack of light
D. Fluorescent light

Answer: D

Explanation:

Image flickering is commonly associated with the use of fluorescent light. Fluorescent lights have a tendency to flicker because of their unique method of generating light. Unlike incandescent bulbs, which provide a steady light source, fluorescent lights work by using an electric current to excite mercury vapor, which in turn produces ultraviolet light that causes a phosphor coating inside the bulb to glow. The flickering can occur due to the alternating current (AC) cycle of the electricity powering the light, causing the light to rapidly dim and brighten, often unnoticed by the human eye. However, when captured on a camera or electronic device, the flickering becomes noticeable in the form of visual instability or inconsistency.

A (IR light) refers to infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye and is not typically responsible for flickering in images. IR light is often used in night-vision cameras or other specialized equipment, but it doesn't cause the same flickering issues as visible light sources.

B (White light) is a combination of all colors of visible light and doesn't inherently cause flickering. White light is commonly produced by various light sources, including LEDs and incandescent bulbs, neither of which are prone to the same flickering issues as fluorescent lighting.

C (Lack of light) may cause poor image quality or darkness in images, but it doesn't directly lead to flickering. Flickering is generally a result of a light source cycling on and off rapidly, which happens with fluorescent lighting, not simply the absence of light.

Therefore, D is the correct answer, as fluorescent light is the most common cause of image flickering in visual media.

Question No 10:

Based on the image provided, which setting would be most effective in reducing blurring caused by faster moving objects?

A. Increase image brightness
B. Adjust the exposure settings
C. Uncheck backlight compensation
D. Increase image contrast

Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

When dealing with blurred images, particularly when objects are moving quickly, one of the most common causes is a long exposure time. This allows more motion to be captured within the frame, resulting in a blur. To address this issue, adjusting the exposure settings is an effective solution. By reducing the exposure time, you can capture faster-moving objects more sharply. Shorter exposure times prevent the camera from recording too much movement within a single frame, which reduces the blur.

Let’s review the options to understand why B is the best choice:

1. A. Increase image brightness:
   Increasing the brightness of the image is typically used to adjust for lighting issues, especially in low-light environments. However, increasing brightness does not directly address motion blur, as it doesn't affect how quickly the shutter speed is set. It may even increase the blur in low-light conditions if the exposure time is too long.

2. B. Adjust the exposure settings:
   This is the most appropriate choice. By adjusting the exposure settings, particularly by shortening the exposure time or adjusting the shutter speed, you can reduce motion blur. A faster shutter speed captures a smaller slice of time, freezing the motion and preventing blur. This adjustment is key in capturing sharp images of fast-moving objects.

3. C. Uncheck backlight compensation:
   Backlight compensation is used to help balance the lighting when the subject is in front of a bright light source. While it can improve image clarity in certain lighting conditions, it does not directly address motion blur. Unchecking backlight compensation would typically make the subject appear darker when backlit, but it does not affect the movement of objects in the scene.

4. D. Increase image contrast:
   Increasing contrast can enhance the difference between light and dark areas in an image, making it look sharper. However, increasing contrast does not solve the problem of motion blur. It may make the blurred areas more noticeable, but it doesn’t stop the blurring itself.

The most effective way to reduce blur from faster-moving objects is by adjusting the exposure settings to use a faster shutter speed, which captures the motion more crisply. Therefore, B is the correct answer.

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